The sexual life cycle (Meiosis)

Question 1

is the scientific study of heredity and
variation

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

is the transmission of traits from one
generation to the next

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

is demonstrated by the differences in
appearance that offspring show from parents
and siblings

Answer 3

Variation

Question 4

are the units of heredity, and are made
up of segments of DNA

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

Genes are passed to the next generation
through reproductive cells called

Answer 5

Gametes

Question 6

Each gene has a specific location called a ______ on a certain chromosome

Answer 6

Locus

Question 7

is inherited from each
parent

Answer 7

One set of chromosomes

Question 8

In _____________ ______________, one parent produces
genetically identical offspring by mitosis

Answer 8

Asexual Reproduction

Question 9

is a group of genetically identical
individuals from the same parent

Answer 9

Clone

Question 10

In ______________ ________________, two parents give rise
to offspring that have unique combinations of
genes inherited from the two parents

Answer 10

Sexual Reproduction

Question 11

is the generation-to-generation
sequence of stages in the reproductive history
of an organism

Answer 11

Life cycle

Question 12

(any cell other than a
gamete) have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Answer 12

Human Somatic Cells

Question 13

is an ordered display of the pairs
of chromosomes from a cell

Answer 13

Karyotype

Question 14

The two chromosomes in each pair are called

Answer 14

Homologous chromosomes, Homologs

Question 15

The sex chromosomes are called

Answer 15

X and Y

Question 16

have a homologous pair of X
chromosomes

Answer 16

Human females

Question 17

have one X and one Y
chromosome

Answer 17

Human males

Question 18

The 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not
determine sex are called

Answer 18

autosomes

Question 19

has two sets of
chromosomes

Answer 19

Diploid cell (2n)

Question 20

For humans, the diploid number is

Answer 20

46

Question 21

In a cell in which DNA synthesis has occurred,
each chromosome

Answer 21

replicated

Question 22

A gamete (sperm or egg) contains a single set
of chromosomes, and is

Answer 22

Haploid (n)

Question 23

For humans, the haploid number is

Answer 23

23

Question 24

In an unfertilized egg (ovum), the sex
chromosome is

Answer 24

X

Question 25

In a sperm cell, the sex chromosome may be
either

Answer 25

X or Y

Question 26

is the union of gametes (the
sperm and the egg)

Answer 26

Fertilization

Question 27

• The fertilized egg is called a __________ and has
  one set of chromosomes from each parent
• produces somatic cells by mitosis
  and develops into an adult

Answer 27

zygote

Question 28

At sexual maturity, the ovaries and testes
produce

Answer 28

Haploid gametes

Question 29

• Gametes are the only types of human cells
  produced by _________, instead of mitosis.
• results in one set of chromosomes in
  each gamete

Answer 29

Meiosis

Question 30

Meiosis takes place in two sets of cell divisions,
called

Answer 30

meiosis I and meiosis II

Question 31

Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells
with replicated chromosomes; it is called the

Answer 31

Reductional division

Question 32

Meiosis II results in four haploid daughter cells
with unreplicated chromosomes; it is called the

Answer 32

Equational division

Question 33

Division in meiosis I occurs in four phases:

Answer 33

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Question 34

In ________, homologous chromosomes
loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene

Answer 34

Synapsis

Question 35

In _______ ____, nonsister chromatids
exchange DNA segments

Answer 35

Crossing over

Question 36

a group of four chromatids

Answer 36

Tetrad

Question 37

Each tetrad usually has one or more _____________, X-shaped regions where crossing
over occurred

Answer 37

Chiasmata

Question 38

Crossing over produces __________ ________, which combine genes
inherited from each parent

Answer 38

Recombinant Chromosomes

Question 39

Division in meiosis II also occurs in four
phases:

Answer 39

Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Question 40

Protein complexes called _________ are
responsible for this cohesion

Answer 40

Cohesins