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The Senses (Chapter 18) > The Sense : Key Terms > Flashcards

The Sense : Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

gustation

A

the sense of tatse

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2
Q

hearing

A

the sense of perception of sounds

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3
Q

olfaction

A

the sense of smell

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4
Q

proprioception

A

the awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium; receptors are located in the muscles, tendons, and joints

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5
Q

sensory receptor

A

a sensory nerve ending or a specialized structure associated with a sensory nerve that responds to a stimulus

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6
Q

tactile

A

pertaining to the sense of touch

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7
Q

vision

A

the sense by which the shape, size and color of objects are perceived by means of the light they give off

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8
Q

equlibrium

A

the sense of balance

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9
Q

auditory tube

A

the tube that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and serves to equalize pressure between the outer ear and middle ear; pharyngotympanic tube; originally called the eustachian tube

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10
Q

cerumen

A

the brownish, wax-like secretion formed in the external ear canal to protect the ear and prevent infection

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11
Q

cochlea

A

the coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptors from hearing

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12
Q

external auditory canal

A

tube that extends from the pinna of the ear to the tympanic membrane; external auditory meatus

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13
Q

incus

A

the middle ossicle of the ear

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14
Q

labyrinth

A

the inner ear, names for its complex structure, which resembles a maze

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15
Q

malleus

A

the ossicle of the middle ear that is in connect with the tympanic membrane and the incus

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16
Q

ossicles

A

the small bones of the middle ear, the malleus, incus, and stapes

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17
Q

pinna

A

the projecting part of the outer ear; auricle

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18
Q

semicircular canals

A

the 3 curved channels of the inner ear that hold the receptors for equilibrium

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19
Q

spiral organ

A

the hearing receptor which is located in the cochlea of the inner ear; organ of Corti

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20
Q

stapes

A

the ossicle that is in contact with the inner ear

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21
Q

tympanic membrane

A

the membrane between the external auditory canal and middle ear; the eardrum. It serves to transmit sound waves to the ossicles of the middle ear

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22
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

the portion of the inner ear that is concerned with the sense of equilibrium; consists of the vestibule and semicircular canals

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23
Q

vestibule

A

the chamber in the inner ear that holds some of the receptors for equilibrium

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24
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

the nerve that transmits impulses for hearing and equilibrium from the ear to the brain; eight cranial nerve, auditory or acoustic nerve

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25
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

a tumor of the 8th cranial nerve sheath; although benign, it can press on surrounding tissue and produce symptoms; aka acoustic or vestibular schwannoma or acoustic neurilemmoma

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26
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

hearing impairment that results from blockage of sound transmission to the inner ear

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27
Q

Mineiere disease

A

a disease associated with with increased fluid pressure in the inner ear and characterized by hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus

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28
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of the external auditory canal; swimmer’s ear

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29
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serous (watery) or mucoid fluid

30
Q

otosclerosis

A

formation of abnormal or sometimes hardened bony tissue in the ear. It usually occurs the oval window and the footplate (base) of the stapes, causing immobilization of the stapes and progressive hearing loss

31
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing impairment that results from damage to the inner ear, eight cranial nerve, or auditory pathways in the brain

32
Q

tinnitus

A

a sensation of noise , such a ringing , in the ear

33
Q

vertigo

A

an illusion of movement , as of the body moving in space or the environment moving about the body; usually caused by disturbances in the vestibular apparatus.

34
Q

myringotomy

A

surgical incision of the tympanic membrane; performed to drain the middle ear cavity or to insert a tube into the TM for drainage

35
Q

stapedectomy

A

surgical removal of the stapes; it may be combined with insertion of a prosthesis to correct otosclerosis

36
Q

accommodation

A

adjustment of the lens’s curvature to allow for vision at various distances

37
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid that fills the eye anterior to the lens

38
Q

choroid

A

the dark, vascular, middle layer of the eye; part of the uvea

39
Q

ciliary body

A

the muscular portion of the uvea that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape for near and far vision

40
Q

cone

A

a specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; cone have high visual acuity, functions in bright light, and respond to colors

41
Q

conjunctiva

A

the mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball’s anterior surface

42
Q

convergence

A

coordinated movement of the eyes toward fixation on the same point

43
Q

cornea

A

the clear, anterior portion of the sclera

44
Q

fovea

A

the tiny depression in the retina that is the point of sharpest vision

45
Q

iris

A

the muscular colored ring between the lens and the cornea; regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by altering the size of the pupil at its center

46
Q

lacrimal glands

A

pertaining to tears

47
Q

lens

A

the transparent, biconvex structure in the anterior portion of the eye that refracts light and functions in accommodation

48
Q

macula

A

a small spot or colored area; used alone to mean the yellowish spot in the retina that contains the fovea

49
Q

optic disk

A

the point where the optic nerve joins the retina; at this point there are no rods or cones; also called the blind spot or optic papilla

50
Q

orbit

A

the bony cavity that contains the eyeball

51
Q

palpebra

A

an eyelid; a protective fold (upper or lower) that closes over the anterior surface of the eye

52
Q

pupil

A

the opening at the center of the iris

53
Q

refraction

A

the bending of light rays as they pass through the eye to focus to focus on a specific point on the retina; also the determination and correction of ocular refractive errors

54
Q

retina

A

the innermost light-sensitive layer of the eye; contains the rods and cones, the specialized receptor cells for vision

55
Q

rod

A

a specialized cell in the retina that responds to light; rods have low visual acuity, function in dim light, and do not respond to color

56
Q

sclera

A

the tough white fibrous outermost layer of the eye; the white of the eye

57
Q

uvea

A

the middle, vascular layer of the eye; consists of the choroid; ciliary body, and iris

58
Q

visual acuity

A

sharpness of vision

59
Q

vitreous body

A

the transparent jelly-like mass that fills the eyeball’s main cavity; aka vitreous humor

60
Q

AMD

A

Age related macular degeneration: deterioration of the macula associated with aging; impairs central vision

61
Q

astigmatism

A

an error of refraction caused by irregularity in the curvature of the cornea or lens

62
Q

cataract

A

opacity of the lens of the eye

63
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva; pink eye

64
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

degenerative changes in the retina associated with DM

65
Q

glaucoma

A

an eye disease caused by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic disk and causes vision loss. Usually results from faulty fluid drainage from the anterior eye

66
Q

myopia

A

a refractive error in which light rays focus in front of the retina and objects can be seen clearly only when very close to the eye; nearsightedness

67
Q

hyperopia

A

a refractive error in which light rays focus behind the retina and objects can be seen clearly only when far away from the eye; farsightedness; aka hypermetropia

68
Q

opthalmia neonatorum

A

severe conjunctivitis usually caused by infection with gonococcus during birth

69
Q

phacoemulsification

A

removal of a cataract by ultrasonic destruction and extraction of the lens

70
Q

presbyopia

A

changes in the eye that occur with age; the lens loses elasticity and the ability to accommodate for near vision

71
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of the retina from its underlying layer

72
Q

trachoma

A

an infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis leading to inflammation and scarring of the cornea and conjunctiva; a common cause of blindness in underdeveloped countries

The Senses (Chapter 18) (2 decks)

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