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Z-GI > The secretion of salvia > Flashcards

The secretion of salvia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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2
Q

what are some minor glands?

A

lips, cheeks, palate, oropharynx, tongue

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3
Q

what salvia is produced by the parotid gland?

A

Serous cells make a watery salvia

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4
Q

what salvia is produced by the submandibular gland?

A

Mixed mucous/serous

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5
Q

what salvia is produced by the sublingual gland?

A

largely mucous secretions

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6
Q

what happens in the 2 stage processes of salvia formation?

A
  • isotonic primary salvia is made by serous demilune,most proteins, water,electrolytes Na, Cl
  • bicarbonate and some proteins are added and Na+Cl- is reabsorbed whilst K+ is secreted which produced hypotonic final salvia
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7
Q

what is the purpose of resting secretion of salvia?

A

Keeps the mouth and oro-pharynx: 

  • Moist
  •  Lubricated
  •  Protected
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8
Q

what receptors are stimulated over a short period of time which produced massive increases in secretion of salvia?

A
  • Gustatory receptors -Mechanoreceptors
  •  Olfactory receptors
  • Nociceptors
  •  Higher enters
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9
Q

what is whole mouth salvia made of?

A
  • Made up of the mixed secretions of all glands
  •  Each producing variable volumes and contents
  •  Plus debris and other oral fluids such as gingival crevicular fluid
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10
Q

why does the final mixed salvia vary considerably in its volume and composition depending on the type and duration of the stimulus?

A

Not only does the secretion from different glands vary in composition and volume but the saliva produced by a single gland is also variable depending on the stimulus

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11
Q

what is the contributions to whole saliva by different glands when they are unstimulated?

A
  • Parotid 20% 
  • Submandibular 65%  -Sublingual 7-8%
  • Minor glands 7-8%
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12
Q

what is the contributions to whole saliva by different glands when they are stimulated?

A

-Parotid 50% 
- Submandibular 30%
 -Sublingual 10%
-  Minor glands 10%

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13
Q

what is the total daily flow of saliva?

A

500-750ml per day

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14
Q

what ions are in higher concentration when stimulated?

A

Na
F
HCo3

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15
Q

what are the functions of salvia?

A
  • protects tissue
  • enhances taste
  • lubricates food
  • speeds oral clearance of food
  • facilitates removal of carbohydrates
  • neutralizes organic acids
  • inhibts demineralisation
  • recycles ingested fluoride to the mouth
  • discourages bacterial growth
  • proteins sustain enamel surface
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16
Q

what role does amylase have in the parotid and submandibular glands?

A

-Cooked starches hydrolyse to maltose and maltose
triose
- Denatured in stomach
- Helps cleanse mouth

17
Q

what role does lipase have in lingual glands associated with circumvallate papillae(taste)?

A

-Fat digestion
- Resistant to stomach acid  - Babies
- Taste buds

18
Q

what is it called when a patient has an extremely dry mouth?

A

xerostomia

19
Q

what is the reflex control of salivary secretion?

A

innate, automatic, predictable, goal- directed response involving the CNS, to a known stimulus

20
Q

what is an adequate stimuli?

A

usually associated with feeding

21
Q

what is dependant on reflex activity?

A

salivary secretion

22
Q

what stimuli’s can cause salivary secretion?

A 
- Gustatory
- Masticatory
- Olfactory
- Psychic
- Visual
- Thermoreceptive
- Possibly Nociceptive
- Combinations of all the above
23
Q

what can be used to collect salvia?

A

lashley cup and cannula

24
Q

what is gustatory- salivary reflex?

A

Stimuli delivered to gustatory receptors in Taste Buds

25
Q

what is the most potent to the least potent taste for secretion?

A

sour > salt > bitter and sweet

26
Q

what is the output of salvia directly proportional to?

A

masticatory forces

27
Q

what receptors contribute to the masticatory- salivary reflex?

A
  • intra-oral mechanoreceptors
  • periodontal receptors
  • mucosal receptors
28
Q

does an olfactory-parotid salivary reflex exist in humans?

A

No

29
Q

does an olfactory-submandibular salivary reflex exist in humans?

A

Yes

30
Q

what is the cause of “mouthwatering”?

A

due to a sudden awareness of saliva already present in the mouth

31
Q

what is a conditioned reflex?

A

A certain set of conditions normally accompany a natural stimulus

Z-GI (5 decks)

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