The Scientific Revolution Flashcards
_ is a revolution in human understanding and knowledge about the physical universe; begain with Kepler, Galileo and ended with _.
Scientific Revolution
“Science” before the scientific revolution was based almost entirely on _, where _ or _ wasn’t used at all, and mostly included _ and _.
reasoning;
exprimental method
observation
alchemy
astrology
What are the significance of the Scientific Revolution?
Abandonment of ancient and medieval systems
Development of the scientific method
The Enlightenmen
_ gave birth to the idea that _, not tradition, is the source of all knowledge.
Rationalism
Rationalism
Rationalism’s was proponent was _.
Rene Descartes
Rationalism
Rationalism gave birth to _.
Deductive reasoning
_ is the belief that experience is the only true source of knowledge.
Empiricism
Empiricism
_ is the belief that experience is the only true source of knowledge.
Empiricism
Empiricism
Empiricism helped lead to the development of the _, lead by.
scientific method
Roger Bacon
_ was an English philosopher and empiricist who was an important figure of inductive reasoning and who argues for experimental methodology.
Francis Bacon
_ is known for his work of Novum Organum.
Francis Bacon
The Scientific Method of _ has three processes:
Francis Bacon
1. Observe an object or phenomenon
2. Develop a theory that explains he object or phenomenon
3. Test the theory with experiments
_ and his work laid the foundation for scienitific study through the medieval era.
Aristotle
_ studied gravity/theory of falling objects, and astronomy, specifically, crystal spheres.
Aristotle
_ made the Almagest and proposed the Geocentric model of the universe and motion of the planets.
Claudius Ptolemy
Moderls of the Universe
_ states that the Earth is at the center of the universe and that all heavenly boides move around the earth.
Geocentric of Ptolemy
Moderls of the Universe
_ states that the Sun is at the center of the universe and all heavenly bodies move around the Sun.
Heliocentric Theory of Copernicus
_ is a Polish astronomer and mathematician who wrote Commentariolus and Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres
Nicholas Copernicus
_ is a Danish astronomer who theorized a system distinct from both the Ptolemaic and Copernical Models where the Moon and Sun revolve around the Earth while other planets revolve around the Sun.
Tycho Brahe
_ is a study of Tycho who disagreed with Copernicus, claiming that other bodies moved in elliptical motions, as opposted to circular motions; also theorized threee laws of planetary motion using Tycho.
Johannes Kepler
The Three Laws of Planetary Motion are:
- Law of Ellipses
- Law of Equal Areas
- Law of Harmonics
Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion
_ states that planets orbit the sun in elliptical patterns.
Law of Ellipses
Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion
_ states that the speed of planetary motion changes constantly depending on the distance from the Sun.
Law of Equal Areas
Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion
_ compares the movement of all the planets claiming a similarity in their motion.
Law of Harmonies
_ is the “Father of Science”, used telescopes to produce astronomical discoveries and theorized the Theory of Falling Objects which disproved Aristotle.
Galileo Galilei
_ is Galileo’s major work and argued in favor of the heliocentric model of the universe.
Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World
_ is an English astronomer, phycisist, and mathematician who synthesized the works of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo.
Sir Isaac Newton
The three Laws of Motion are:
- Law of Intertia
- Fundamental Law of Dynamics
- Law of Reciprocal Actions
Medicine
_ was a Greek physician, who studied on the elements according to Hippocrates and on the use of the parts of the body; focused on bodily humours and proposed the two types of blood.
Galen
_ provided for care of the poor and the sick, minor clerics took on physician-like roles.
The Caholic Church
Medicine
_ focused on the fabric of the human body, and corrected many of Galen’s errors.
Andreas Vesalius
Medicine
_ focused on the movement of the heart and blood in animals and described the functioning of the heart and circulatory system.
William Harvey
Chemistry
_ is renowned for formulating the law that describes the inverse relatiosnship between pressure and volume of gas.
Robert Boyle
Chemistry
_ is credited with discovering oxygen.
Joseph Priestley
Chemistry
_ established the law of conservation of mass.
Antoine Lavoisier
_ is responsible for naming of flora and fauna.
Carolus Linnaeus
_ is a french biologist who had the early theory of evolution.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
The Microscope
he is credited, along with his son Zacharias Jansen, with inventing one of the earliest microscopes.
Hans Janssen
Microscope
_ discovered microscoping life, is the first to observe a living cell and crafted single-lens microscope.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Microscope
_ discovered the cell, renowned for formulating the “Hook’s Law” that the stretching of a solid body is proportional to the force applied to it.
Robert Hooke
The pendulum clock, which allowed scientists to more accurately measure time, is invented by _.
Christiaan Huygens
The barometer, which measures air pressure, is invented by Italian physicist _.
Evangelista Torricelli
The thermometer is invented by _.
Santorio Santorio
The Mechanical Calculator is invented by _.
Wilhelm Schickard
