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Science, Technology and Society > The Scientific Revolution > Flashcards

The Scientific Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

_ is a revolution in human understanding and knowledge about the physical universe; begain with Kepler, Galileo and ended with _.

A

Scientific Revolution

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2
Q

“Science” before the scientific revolution was based almost entirely on _, where _ or _ wasn’t used at all, and mostly included _ and _.

A

reasoning;
exprimental method
observation
alchemy
astrology

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3
Q

What are the significance of the Scientific Revolution?

A

Abandonment of ancient and medieval systems
Development of the scientific method
The Enlightenmen

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4
Q

_ gave birth to the idea that _, not tradition, is the source of all knowledge.

A

Rationalism

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5
Q

Rationalism

Rationalism’s was proponent was _.

A

Rene Descartes

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6
Q

Rationalism

Rationalism gave birth to _.

A

Deductive reasoning

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7
Q

_ is the belief that experience is the only true source of knowledge.

A

Empiricism

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8
Q

Empiricism

_ is the belief that experience is the only true source of knowledge.

A

Empiricism

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9
Q

Empiricism

Empiricism helped lead to the development of the _, lead by.

A

scientific method
Roger Bacon

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10
Q

_ was an English philosopher and empiricist who was an important figure of inductive reasoning and who argues for experimental methodology.

A

Francis Bacon

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11
Q

_ is known for his work of Novum Organum.

A

Francis Bacon

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12
Q

The Scientific Method of _ has three processes:

A

Francis Bacon
1. Observe an object or phenomenon
2. Develop a theory that explains he object or phenomenon
3. Test the theory with experiments

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13
Q

_ and his work laid the foundation for scienitific study through the medieval era.

A

Aristotle

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14
Q

_ studied gravity/theory of falling objects, and astronomy, specifically, crystal spheres.

A

Aristotle

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15
Q

_ made the Almagest and proposed the Geocentric model of the universe and motion of the planets.

A

Claudius Ptolemy

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16
Q

Moderls of the Universe

_ states that the Earth is at the center of the universe and that all heavenly boides move around the earth.

A

Geocentric of Ptolemy

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17
Q

Moderls of the Universe

_ states that the Sun is at the center of the universe and all heavenly bodies move around the Sun.

A

Heliocentric Theory of Copernicus

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18
Q

_ is a Polish astronomer and mathematician who wrote Commentariolus and Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres

A

Nicholas Copernicus

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19
Q

_ is a Danish astronomer who theorized a system distinct from both the Ptolemaic and Copernical Models where the Moon and Sun revolve around the Earth while other planets revolve around the Sun.

A

Tycho Brahe

20
Q

_ is a study of Tycho who disagreed with Copernicus, claiming that other bodies moved in elliptical motions, as opposted to circular motions; also theorized threee laws of planetary motion using Tycho.

A

Johannes Kepler

21
Q

The Three Laws of Planetary Motion are:

A
  1. Law of Ellipses
  2. Law of Equal Areas
  3. Law of Harmonics
22
Q

Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion

_ states that planets orbit the sun in elliptical patterns.

A

Law of Ellipses

23
Q

Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion

_ states that the speed of planetary motion changes constantly depending on the distance from the Sun.

A

Law of Equal Areas

24
Q

Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion

_ compares the movement of all the planets claiming a similarity in their motion.

A

Law of Harmonies

25
Q

_ is the “Father of Science”, used telescopes to produce astronomical discoveries and theorized the Theory of Falling Objects which disproved Aristotle.

A

Galileo Galilei

26
Q

_ is Galileo’s major work and argued in favor of the heliocentric model of the universe.

A

Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World

27
Q

_ is an English astronomer, phycisist, and mathematician who synthesized the works of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo.

A

Sir Isaac Newton

28
Q

The three Laws of Motion are:

A
  1. Law of Intertia
  2. Fundamental Law of Dynamics
  3. Law of Reciprocal Actions
29
Q

Medicine

_ was a Greek physician, who studied on the elements according to Hippocrates and on the use of the parts of the body; focused on bodily humours and proposed the two types of blood.

A

Galen

30
Q
A
31
Q

_ provided for care of the poor and the sick, minor clerics took on physician-like roles.

A

The Caholic Church

32
Q

Medicine

_ focused on the fabric of the human body, and corrected many of Galen’s errors.

A

Andreas Vesalius

33
Q

Medicine

_ focused on the movement of the heart and blood in animals and described the functioning of the heart and circulatory system.

A

William Harvey

34
Q

Chemistry

_ is renowned for formulating the law that describes the inverse relatiosnship between pressure and volume of gas.

A

Robert Boyle

35
Q

Chemistry

_ is credited with discovering oxygen.

A

Joseph Priestley

36
Q

Chemistry

_ established the law of conservation of mass.

A

Antoine Lavoisier

37
Q

_ is responsible for naming of flora and fauna.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

38
Q

_ is a french biologist who had the early theory of evolution.

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

39
Q

The Microscope

he is credited, along with his son Zacharias Jansen, with inventing one of the earliest microscopes.

A

Hans Janssen

40
Q

Microscope

_ discovered microscoping life, is the first to observe a living cell and crafted single-lens microscope.

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

41
Q

Microscope

_ discovered the cell, renowned for formulating the “Hook’s Law” that the stretching of a solid body is proportional to the force applied to it.

A

Robert Hooke

42
Q

The pendulum clock, which allowed scientists to more accurately measure time, is invented by _.

A

Christiaan Huygens

43
Q

The barometer, which measures air pressure, is invented by Italian physicist _.

A

Evangelista Torricelli

44
Q

The thermometer is invented by _.

A

Santorio Santorio

45
Q

The Mechanical Calculator is invented by _.

A

Wilhelm Schickard

Science, Technology and Society (3 decks)

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