The Science Of Learning

Question 1

What are other names for operant conditioning?

Answer 1

Skinnerian or instrumental conditioning

Question 2

What are some other names for respondent conditioning?

Answer 2

Pablovian or classical conditioning

Question 3

What are the three experience outcomes in the operant conditioning paradigm?

Answer 3

A good outcome, a bad outcome, and a neutral outcome (nothing at all)

Question 4

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 4

Classical conditioning is a predictive form of associative learning that forms associations between stimuli. Stimulus to stimulus learning with one stimuli predicting another.

Question 5

What type of learning can influence emotional states?

Answer 5

Classical conditioning can influence or modify emotional states. When altering emotional states, it’s important to remember the emotional connection between stimuli moves backwards. We dislike a predictive stimulus because of what follows.

Question 6

What is a conditioned emotional response? (CER)

Answer 6

An emotional response to stimuli due to past experience.

Question 7

What is counter conditioning?

Answer 7

A method of classical conditioning that is trying to work against a previously conditioned emotional response

Question 8

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 8

Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning where the associations are formed between a behavior offered by the learner and the consequences of that behavior.

Question 9

What is Thorndike’s law of effect?

Answer 9

responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation

Question 10

What are the quadrants of operant conditioning?

Answer 10

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. (An argument could be made. That neutral stimulus or LRS could be another kind of quadrant)

Question 11

What are the ABCs of operant learning?

Answer 11

A. Equals antecedent
B equals behavior
C equals consequence

Question 12

Define reinforcement

Answer 12

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring

Question 13

Define punishment

Answer 13

A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring

Question 14

Define extinction

Answer 14

When a stimulus or behavior that previously had a reinforcing consequence stops having that reinforcing consequence. (Think of the word extinguish. To extinguish a fire, you must first have a fire. To put a behavior on extinction, that behavior must first have a history of reinforcement)

Question 15

How does one use Extinction in classical conditioning?

Answer 15

The predictive stimulus stops predicting the reinforcing stimulus

Question 16

Define extinction burst

Answer 16

The period where a behavior is offered more frequently and more aggressively after it’s been put on extinction

Question 17

Define spontaneous recovery

Answer 17

The reemergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay

Question 18

What is a conditioned negative punisher?

Answer 18

also known as a “no reward marker”. Similar to using a clicker as a conditioned positive reinforcer you can use another stimuli to signal negative punishment.

Question 19

What is a primary reinforcer?

Answer 19

A primary reinforcer is something that is inherently reinforcing to the dog. In most cases. This is something necessary for survival such as food, water, proper temperature, or reproductive opportunities. For social animals social opportunities can also be primary reinforcers.

Question 20

What is a secondary reinforcer

Answer 20

A previously neutral stimulus that has become a reinforcer by being associated with an existing reinforcer. Also known as conditioned reinforcer, bridging stimulus, bridge, or marker

Question 21

What does schedule of reinforcement mean

Answer 21

How frequently the reinforcement becomes available for the learner to earn.

Question 22

What does continuous reinforcement mean?

Answer 22

It’s a scheduled reinforcement where anytime the learner performs the desired action they earn reinforcement.

Question 23

What does variable schedule of reinforcement mean?

Answer 23

Any reinforcement schedule that is not continuous. Also known as partial reinforcement or intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Question 24

Define latency

Answer 24

The speed of the learners response

Question 25

What is physical modeling?

Answer 25

A form of training where the trainer physically manipulates the learner into the desired position.

Question 26

What is the premack principle?

Answer 26

A psychological principle that states that a high probability behavior, something the dog loves to do, can be used to reward a low probability behavior, something the dog is uncertain with or does not like to do. The opportunity to engage in a desirable activity reinforces the behavior required to engage in that activity.

Question 27

What is overshadowing in the context of a dog training session

Answer 27

Overshadowing is when the most important detail in the environment from the learner’s point of view can cover up other details present. This can be detrimental to learning. Try to ensure that the information you’re giving your dog is the most salient information they are receiving during a training session.

Question 28

When is a behavior considered to be under stimulus control?

Answer 28

When the dog does not refuse to give the behavior when cued to do so, does not give the behavior. Not cued to do so, does not give the behavior for a different cue, does not give a different behavior on the cue.

Question 29

Dogs learn from

Answer 29

Both operant and classical conditioning

Question 30

In operant conditioning, the word positive means

Answer 30

To add something to the situation as a consequence

Question 31

In operant conditioning, the word reinforce means

Answer 31

To make the behavior stronger

Question 32

The training slang two-fers or three-fers means

Answer 32

When the animal must do the desired behavior twice or three times before earning reinforcement

Question 33

If you use a hand signal and a verbal cue at the same time…

Answer 33

The dog might focus on one and not the other and experience overshadowing