The Science Of Learning Flashcards
What are other names for operant conditioning?
Skinnerian or instrumental conditioning
What are some other names for respondent conditioning?
Pablovian or classical conditioning
What are the three experience outcomes in the operant conditioning paradigm?
A good outcome, a bad outcome, and a neutral outcome (nothing at all)
What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is a predictive form of associative learning that forms associations between stimuli. Stimulus to stimulus learning with one stimuli predicting another.
What type of learning can influence emotional states?
Classical conditioning can influence or modify emotional states. When altering emotional states, it’s important to remember the emotional connection between stimuli moves backwards. We dislike a predictive stimulus because of what follows.
What is a conditioned emotional response? (CER)
An emotional response to stimuli due to past experience.
What is counter conditioning?
A method of classical conditioning that is trying to work against a previously conditioned emotional response
What is operant conditioning?
Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning where the associations are formed between a behavior offered by the learner and the consequences of that behavior.
What is Thorndike’s law of effect?
responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation
What are the quadrants of operant conditioning?
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. (An argument could be made. That neutral stimulus or LRS could be another kind of quadrant)
What are the ABCs of operant learning?
A. Equals antecedent
B equals behavior
C equals consequence
Define reinforcement
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring
Define punishment
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring
Define extinction
When a stimulus or behavior that previously had a reinforcing consequence stops having that reinforcing consequence. (Think of the word extinguish. To extinguish a fire, you must first have a fire. To put a behavior on extinction, that behavior must first have a history of reinforcement)
How does one use Extinction in classical conditioning?
The predictive stimulus stops predicting the reinforcing stimulus
Define extinction burst
The period where a behavior is offered more frequently and more aggressively after it’s been put on extinction
Define spontaneous recovery
The reemergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay
What is a conditioned negative punisher?
also known as a “no reward marker”. Similar to using a clicker as a conditioned positive reinforcer you can use another stimuli to signal negative punishment.
What is a primary reinforcer?
A primary reinforcer is something that is inherently reinforcing to the dog. In most cases. This is something necessary for survival such as food, water, proper temperature, or reproductive opportunities. For social animals social opportunities can also be primary reinforcers.
What is a secondary reinforcer
A previously neutral stimulus that has become a reinforcer by being associated with an existing reinforcer. Also known as conditioned reinforcer, bridging stimulus, bridge, or marker
What does schedule of reinforcement mean
How frequently the reinforcement becomes available for the learner to earn.
What does continuous reinforcement mean?
It’s a scheduled reinforcement where anytime the learner performs the desired action they earn reinforcement.
What does variable schedule of reinforcement mean?
Any reinforcement schedule that is not continuous. Also known as partial reinforcement or intermittent schedule of reinforcement
Define latency
The speed of the learners response
What is physical modeling?
A form of training where the trainer physically manipulates the learner into the desired position.
What is the premack principle?
A psychological principle that states that a high probability behavior, something the dog loves to do, can be used to reward a low probability behavior, something the dog is uncertain with or does not like to do. The opportunity to engage in a desirable activity reinforces the behavior required to engage in that activity.
What is overshadowing in the context of a dog training session
Overshadowing is when the most important detail in the environment from the learner’s point of view can cover up other details present. This can be detrimental to learning. Try to ensure that the information you’re giving your dog is the most salient information they are receiving during a training session.
When is a behavior considered to be under stimulus control?
When the dog does not refuse to give the behavior when cued to do so, does not give the behavior. Not cued to do so, does not give the behavior for a different cue, does not give a different behavior on the cue.
Dogs learn from
Both operant and classical conditioning
In operant conditioning, the word positive means
To add something to the situation as a consequence
In operant conditioning, the word reinforce means
To make the behavior stronger
The training slang two-fers or three-fers means
When the animal must do the desired behavior twice or three times before earning reinforcement
If you use a hand signal and a verbal cue at the same time…
The dog might focus on one and not the other and experience overshadowing
