The Sans-culottes And The Collapse Of The Constitutional Experiment

Question 1

What were the sans-culottes? Who did they idolise and where did they meet?

Answer 1

Working class supporters of the political left wing, they idolised Danton and Marat. The sans-culottes met at the Cordeliers Club

Question 2

Who did the sans-culottes hate the most?

Answer 2

The ‘selfish wealth’ of the bourgeoisie and aristocratic elites

Question 3

The sans-culottes played a major role in the development of the Revolution in 1792. True or false.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What happened on the anniversary of the Tennis Court Oath in 1792?

Answer 4

8000 sans-culottes marched to Tuileries demanding that Louis withdraw his vetoes and reinstate his pro-war ministers

Question 5

What was the anniversary of the Tennis Court Oath in 1792 called?

Answer 5

The journée of 20 June 1792

Question 6

Why did the mob of sans-culottes withdraw on the 20th June 1792 when Petion, the Mayor of Paris, arrived?

Answer 6

Because Louis satisfied the crowd and opened his doors to the crowd

Question 7

What justified the sans-culottes’ demands on the 2nd July 1792 which they asked for on the 20th June 1792?

Answer 7

The Army of the North retreated

Question 8

What was issued on the 11th July 1792 in response to French reverses in the war?

Answer 8

La patrie en danger

Question 9

When did Robespierre give a passionate speech in the Assembly to make France a republic?

Answer 9

29th July 1792

Question 10

What did the Brunswick manifesto state?

Answer 10

That any of the French captured by the Austrians would be put to death without mercy if any harm came to the King

Question 11

When did the Brunswick get written by the Duke of Brunswick and when did it arrive in Paris?

Answer 11

Written on 25th July 1792

Arrived in Paris on 1st August 1792

Question 12

What happened on the journée of 10th August 1792?

Answer 12

20000 sans-culottes, 2000 federes and National Guards from revolutionary Paris sections made a second march to the Tuileries Palace

Question 13

How many attempted to protect the King on the journée of the 10th August 1792?

Answer 13

2000-3000 men

Question 14

What happened during the 10th August 1792?

Answer 14

The Tuileries Palace was set on fire and a thousand sans-culottes and federes were killed or wounded. And the men protecting the King were nearly all massacred

Question 15

Where did the Paris Commune take the King?

Answer 15

To the Temple prison

Question 16

What were the impacts of the journée of the 10th August 1792?

Answer 16

• The King was ‘temporarily suspended’
• Distinction between active and passive citizens
• A new Convention, elected by men over 25, was promised

Question 17

Who was the sans-culottes’ favourite who became the new Minister of Justice due to the journée of the 10th August 1792?

Answer 17

Danton

Question 18

What happened to all of the laws that had the suspensory veto used on them after the journée of the 10th August 1792?

Answer 18

They immediately came into force

Question 19

When was a tribunal set up by the sections to prosecute traitors due to the journée of the 10th August 1792?

Answer 19

17th August 1792

Question 20

What choice was given to refractory priests on the 26th August 1792?

Answer 20

Leave the country voluntarily or face deportation to French Guyana

Question 21

What was done to reduce the agitation of peasants after the journée of the 10th August 1792?

Answer 21

All compensation to former seigneurs was cancelled

Question 22

Who replaced Lafayette, after he defected to the Austrians on the 19th August 1792?

Answer 22

Dumouriez

Question 23

When did Danton authorise house searches to reduce panic in Paris?

Answer 23

30th August 1792

Question 24

What did Danton do on the 2nd September 1792 to enforce conscription in order for less panic in Paris to happen?

Answer 24

Issued a levée

Question 25

What happened in the Parisian gaols during the September Massacres?

Answer 25

1000-1500 prisoners were massacred using blood letting

Question 26

What group were the first attacks against, that was led by federes on the 2nd September 1792?

Answer 26

Refractory priests

Question 27

After refractory priests, who did the sans-culottes attack next?

Answer 27

Political prisoners, ordinary criminals, monks, nuns and priests

Question 28

What were the outcomes of the September Massacres?

Answer 28

• Fear of popular Revolution confirmed
• Girondins blamed Jacobins for inciting violent behaviour; increased the split
• The power of the Assembly decreased, while popularity of radical leaders (Danton and Robespierre) increased

Question 29

What did the September Massacres coincide with?

Answer 29

Elections for a new National Convention

Question 30

Voter turnout for the elections for the new National Convention was very high. True or false.

Answer 30

False, was low.

Question 31

What were the elected deputies to the National Convention, who were Jacobins, called?

Answer 31

Montagnards

Question 32

What was ‘the Plain’ made up of?

Answer 32

Unaffiliated deputies of the National Convention

Question 33

When did the New Convention open?

Answer 33

20th September 1792