The Sand Creek Massacre (1864)

Question 1

When was the first treaty of Fort Laramie signed?

Answer 1

The first treaty of Fort Laramie was signed in 1851

it guaranteed the Cheyenne and Arapaho large amounts of land

Question 2

Why did prospectors begin crossing over Cheyenne and Arapaho land in 1858?

Answer 2

In 1858, gold was discovered in Colorado Territory in 1858. Prospectors started crossing across Cheyenne and Arapaho land to get to this gold

Question 3

When was gold discovered in Colorado Territory?

Answer 3

Gold was discovered in Colorado Territory in 1858, because of this prospectors started crossing Cheyenne and Arapaho land

Question 4

What were the negative effects of the prospectors crossing over the Cheyenne and Arapaho land?

Answer 4

Negative effects of the prospectors crossing over Cheyenne and Arapaho land were:

• They began using up the grass
• They scared away the Buffalo and deer
• Some began settling

Question 5

Why were the Arapaho and Cheyenne made to move to a reservation?

Answer 5

Prospectors began settling on their land and demanded that the US government move the Arapaho and Cheyenne onto reservations

Question 6

What did the Treaty of Fort Wise (1861) mean for the Cheyenne and Arapaho?

Answer 6

The Treaty of Fort Wise (1861) was signed by Arapaho and Cheyenne cheifs, they agreed to move onto reservations

Question 7

When was the Treaty of Fort Wise signed by the Arapaho and Cheyenne cheifs?

Answer 7

The Treaty of Fort Wise was signed in 1861, when Arapaho and Cheyenne cheifs agreed to move onto reservations

Question 8

Why were there still conflicts between prospectors and the Plains Indians after the signing of the Treaty of Fort Wise?

Answer 8

Many young warriors in brotherhood’s (known as the Dog soldiers) rejected the treaty and remained in their own lands, causing conflict between themselves and the prospectors

Question 9

After how many years of attacks did Black Kettle (A Cheyenne cheif), government officials and army commanders try to reach an agreement?

Answer 9

Three years of attacks and raids between the Dog Soldiers and prospectors passed before Black Kettle, the government and army commanders tried to reach an agreement

Question 10

Who was Black Kettle?

Answer 10

Black Kettle was one of the Cheyenne cheifs that signed the Treaty of Fort Wise (1861)

Question 11

Where did Black Kettle set up camp (beleiving he was under army protection)?

Answer 11

Black Kettle set up camp in Sand Creek, beleiving he was under government protection

However the Territory’s governor, John Evans was determined to ‘kill and destroy’ hostile plains indians

Question 12

Who was Sand Creek Territory’s governor and what was he determined to do?

Answer 12

Sand Creek Territory’s governor was John Evans, he was determined to ‘kill and destroy’ all hostile Plains Indians

He wasn’t happy when Black Kettle decided to set up land in Sand Creek

Question 13

Who did John Evans appoint to ‘kill and destroy’ the Plains Indians (Black Kettle and the Cheyenne) on his territory (Sand Creek)

Answer 13

John Evans appointed Colonel Chivington, a civil war hero to ‘kill and destroy’ the Plains Indians (Black Kettle & co.) who had set up camp in Sand Creek

Question 14

When did Chivington lead 700 cavalry troops on a dawn raid on Black Kettles camp?

Answer 14

On the 29th November 1864, Chivington lead 700 cavalry troops on a dawn raid on Black Kettles Camp

Question 15

How many troops did Chivington lead on a dawn raid of Black Kettles camp on the 29th November 1864?

Answer 15

Chivington lead 700 troops on a dawn raid of Black Kettles camp on the 29th November 1864

Question 16

How many warriors did Chivington claim his troops fought and what was the reality?

Answer 16

Chivington claimed his troops fought a tremendous battle against 1,000 men.

In reality the camp put up a white flag of surrender. But 130 men, women, children and babies were still massacred

They scalped their victims and took other body parts as trophies

Question 17

Why did the Dog Soldiers beleive they were right in their original stance? (Not trusting the white Americans)

Answer 17

Black Kettle escaped and carried news of the Sand Creek massacre to other tribes. They beleived this proved the white Americans should never be trusted. They attacked forts and killed many white settlers across Colorado Territory

Question 18

Why did the Dog Soldiers attack and kill many white settlers across Colorado Territory? (after the massacre)

Answer 18

The Dog Soldiers beleive Black Kettle escaping with the news of the massacre proved them right

The white Americans should not be trusted

They attacked and killed many white settlers across Colorado Territory

Question 19

What was the treaty of 1865 promising?

Answer 19

The treaty of 1865 promised generous payments to survivors of the Sand Creek massacre and a large reservation for the Cheyenne and Arapaho

Question 20

When was the treaty promising generous payments to the Cheyenne and Arapaho agreed?

Answer 20

The treaty promising generous payments to the Cheyenne and Arapaho was agreed in 1865

Question 21

What happened once the Civil War was over concerning the treaty made in 1865?

Answer 21

Once the civil war was over the government backed out of their deal. They made a new treaty in 1867, moving the tribes to a reservation half the size of what was promised. No compensation was given alsl

Question 22

What was the treaty introduced in 1867 about?

Answer 22

The treaty introduced in 1867 moved the tribes to a reservation half of what they had been promised and they were not payed compensation

Question 23

When did Black Kettle die and how?

Answer 23

Black Kettle died in 1868, in another massacre of Plains Indians by US troops