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Romans > The Romans H1002 > Flashcards

The Romans H1002 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of Roman historiography?

A
  1. Believed that you must tell the truth
  2. Wrote in the narrative form
  3. Moralityis the big issue in driving force of history, people are corrupt etc.
  4. Past is more glorious than the present
  5. Big man history (consuls, generals etc.)
  6. Still had a hard time with chronology
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2
Q

What was Polybius?

A

Roman historian
200-118 BC
Taken to Rome after Greece was defeated
Wrote ‘The Histories of the Roman Republic’

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3
Q

What was Polybius purpose for writing

A
  1. Past guides the knowledge and action of the future
  2. History is an education
  3. History is training for a political career
  4. History is not for entertainment
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4
Q

What sources did Polybius use?

A
  1. EWT contemporary is the best
  2. He used his own travels
  3. Used Timaeus Histories and Theopompus
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5
Q

What was Polybius Chronology?

A

He employed a cyclical chronology (circular evolution of human government)

  1. Pre-civilization
  2. 1st forms of governments (monarchy)
  3. Corrupts to tyranny
  4. Changes to aristocracy
  5. Corrupts to oligarchies
  6. Changes to democracy
  7. Corrupts to mob rule
  8. Return to precivilization
  9. cycle continues
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6
Q

What was Polybius view on supernatural?

A

Less evidence for divine/supernatural. Moving away from gods/goddesses in control. There is some evidence off fate/fortune

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7
Q

Who was Sallust?

A

Roman historian who lived between 86-35 BC
Wrote ‘Histories’
He was a contemporary of the failure of the senate

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8
Q

What were Sallust’ purposes for writing history?

A
  1. We should learn from history
  2. Looks at good/bad deeds and what we can do to behave better
  3. National service to the state was the proof of social and moral usefulness
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9
Q

What did Sallust do in North Africa?

A

He was the first governor of Africa Nova where he was active in corruption and extortion. Cesaer prevented him from being tried for his crimes but he wanted to continue
his service to the state

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10
Q

What was Sallust’ ideas on corruption?

A

Oddly, he based his histories on the basis that Rome was once good and had declined. All his histories were based on this ideology. He thought politicians were self-seeking and ambitious

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11
Q

What was Sallust’s style?

A

Amazing descriptions
Terse Syntax
Keeps the reader engaged attention
Called the first artistic historian of Rome

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12
Q

What was the ‘War against Catiline’

A

Written 20 yeears after the war

Used Catiline as symptomatic of wide failings of Rome in the 1st century

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13
Q

What did St Augustine all Sallust?

A

Historian of enobled truthfulness

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14
Q

What are some Sallust quotes?

A

‘Only a few prefer liberty - the majoirty seek nothing more than fair masters’
‘No mortal man has ever served at the same time his passions and his best interests’

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15
Q

How did Sallust use speeches?

A

Sallust used scripted speeches to make a point rather like how historians today interpret motives and thoughts of the actors and their works

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16
Q

Who was Livy?

A

Roman historian
Lived between 64 BC - 17 AD
Born in padua. Padua had suffered during the roman civil wars of the 40’s. Therefore he may not have been able to study in Rome during this time.
NO POLITICAL MILITARY EXPERIENCE

17
Q

What did Augustus think about Livy?

A

Livy came to Augustus’s attention and he read ‘Rise of Rome’ and corrected parts of it.
He labelled Livy a Pompeian meaning that he was independantly minded and outspoke

18
Q

What was Livy’ purpose of writing history?

A
  1. Tell the truth
  2. Entertain
  3. Wanted to get the whole of history, so I didnt have time to stop and check things too much
19
Q

What were Livy’s Themes?

A
  1. Difference between republic and empire
  2. Thought old period was better (which was a trend)
  3. Decline in morality (which was a trend)
20
Q

What sources did Livy use?

A

Some written text
Traditions of history
Ised earlier historians (Polybius)

21
Q

What was Livy’s take on supernatural?

A

Some talk about fates and fortune
Talk of portents and snakes
There is a distrust of God

22
Q

What was Livy’s major work?

A

‘The History of Rome’ it was 142 volumes
Book 1 starts with legends of the foundations of Rome
Book 5 moved on the Gaul’s who destroyed Rome
Book 23 talks about hannibal and other famous generals

23
Q

What is a good example of source discrepancy in Roman historians?

A

Polybius and Livy’s description of Battle of Cannae

24
Q

Battle of Cannae source discrepancy

A

POlybius
70,000 Roman soldiers died
5,700 Carthagians died
Born 16 years afrer the war and talked to EWT and those who fought
Not mortivated to make Rome look good. He was a greek
Livy
50,000 Roman soldiers died
8,000 Carthiginans dided
Born very long time after the war and no EWT left
Poor quality sources and didnt speak Greek

Romans (1 decks)

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