The Roman Republic Flashcards
What are the 3 Branches of Government of Rome’s Republic?
Senate
Consuls
Magistrates
How many members of the Senate were there in Rome’s Republic?
300
Describe the Senate (Term, Responsibility)
300 Members
Make Laws
Serve for Life
Declare War
In Charge of Taxes
Describe the Consuls (Term, Responsibility)
2 Men ran Rome for (1) year and advised by the Senate
They can veto (say no) to each other’s laws.
Ran the army in war.
Acted as the Chief official for religious ceremonies
Describe the Magistrates
They served as Judges and Served for Life
They also had to act as Censors (Judging what is appropriate and counting the population (Census))
What are the Tribunes
10 Men who server for 1 year
Veto laws that matter to the people
Suggest laws to the Senate
What is a dictator?
1 Man who is given total power in times of crisis
Serves for 6 Months
Must be elected by the Senate
What were the two Roman Social classes?
Patricians - Wealthy
Plebian - Lower Class
The Romans created republic after they overthrew which group of people?
Etrucscans
If you were to draw the hierarchy of government who is at the top of the pyramid?
Define the Society Rankings in a hierarchy pyramid
Who wanted more Power in their government? And what were they upset about?
Plebeians
Laws were not written down
True of False - Laws passed by the Senate applied to all Romans
TRUE
True of False - Laws passed by plebian assembly only applied to Plebians
TRUE
Who did the Romans fear the most and what did they do about it?
Etruscans
Developed a superior army that citizens had to join
What were the three things that made the Roman army superior?
Discipline
Training
Tactics
What was another name for the Roman army?
Legion
What does SPQR mean (Latin and English)
Senatus Populus Que Romana
The senate and People of Rome
Roman fought Punic wars against the African city-state of??
Carthage
What was the Roman name for the Carthaginians?
Punici
What were most of the Roman wars fought over?
control of the Mediterranean Sea?
What was the first Punic war fought over?
Sicily
The Romans had never before fought battles on the sea, so they needed to create _____________?
A Navy
What did the Romans add to the ships to allow them to board their enemies ships?
Corvus - Which was used to help win in Siciliy
What was the general’s name, who led the Carthaginian Army?
Hannibal
What did Hannibal, the Carthaginian General, march his army along with and where?
War Elephants
Over the Alps Mountains and into Italy
What was Hannibal,the Carthaginian General, unable to conquer?
Rome
Despite not being able to conquer Rome, how long did Hannibal and his army stay in Italy?
15 years
What was the name of the battle where Hannibal was defeated?
Zama
Who led the army that defeated Hannibal at “The Battle of Zama”
Scipo
What was Scipo’s title after he defeated Hannibal’s Army @ The Battel of Zama?
Africanas
Who was the third Punic War with? And Who’s idea was it to go to war?
Destroyed Carthage
Senator Cato the elder
After defeating Carthade during the Third Punic War, what did the Romans do to their people? Land? and do to their country?
People - Sold into Slavery
Land - Poured Salt into it to prevent anything from growing
Made Africa a province of Rome
What were the two main things the Romans gained from the Punic wars?
Gained a lot of Land
Wealth of resources
What was a negative consequence of the Punic Wars?
Many Romans became poor due to Hannibal’sW army destroying farms
The Roman’s, who became poor as a result of their farms being destroyed during the Punic wars, were forced to do what?
Sell their land and move to rome
The richest Romans created large _______, that were worked on by __________
Latifundias (Large Farms)
Who were the Gracchi Brothers?
Grandsons of Scipio Africanus (Leader of the army that destroyed Hannibal)
What were the Gracchi Brother’s names?
Tiberius and Gaius
What did Illegal act did both brothers try to do?
Try to get re-elected as a Tribune
What was Gaius Gracchi most known for accomplishing?
Fixed the price of grain
Shortened time in the army
Tried to give more Italians the right to be citizens
Who was the first lower class Roman to be elected Consul?
Marius
What requirement did Marius do to become a solder?
eliminated the need to own property
Who elects Marius as Commander?
The Assembly
Sully takes his army and marches into Rome. Is this lawful?
No it was a violation of the law
What happens after Marius dies?
Sully takes power as a dictator
What does Sully do as dictator?
Orders prosciotions, list that orders killing of his rivals and their money and property belong to Rome.
After Sully retires, who rules Rome?
1st Triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar
Pompey had…
Crassus was…
Julius Caesar…
Pompey had army support
Crassus was the richest man in Rome
Julius brought them all together
What were Crassus and Pompey role?
Julius role?
They were elected consuls
given the province of Gaul (France) to run as governor
What happens when Caesar’s daughter dies?
He is ordered to go back to Rome and another civil war begins
What does Caesar do when he ruled?
makes reforms
gives soldiers land
makes citizen allies
allows foreign born citizens to be Senate
What happens when Caesar takes the title of dictator?
He rules without the Senate and is assassinated by members of the Senate
What members of the Senate assassinate Caesar?
Brutus and Cassius
Who rules after Caesar’s assassination?
2nd Triumvariant
Mark Antony
Lepidus
Octavian
Who is Octavian in relation to Caesar?
Grand nephew, adopted son, and heir to his wealth
What do Mark Antony, Lepidus and Octavian do in rule?
They divide the lands of Rome and create a list of rivals they want to kill
What land does Antony get?
Egypt where he falls in love with Cleopatra
What happens at the battle of Actium?
Antony and Cleopatra’s fleet are destroyed.
They both commit suicide
What happens after Antony dies?
Octavian takes sole power in 31 BC
Does Octavian take the title of Emperor?
No he is called Princeps, “the 1st citizen”
What does Octavian do as ruler?
Picks Governors
Brings peace to the empire
Brings wealth to the people
