The Role of Ventilation in Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
What is the H+ concentration of water?
1x10-7 M.
What is the equation for the acid dissociation constant?
[H+][A-] / [HA].
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?
pH = pKa + log([conj base]/[acid]).
Shows that 1M of HCl and 1M of acetic acid have different pH, because they have different Ka’s.
What is pKa?
Half of the point of neutralisation.
The log of -Ka.
Why is arterial pH tightly regulated?
What range is this kept at?
Protons can alter protein structure.
Range is 7.35-7.45 pH.
What is acidosis?
When does it occur?
What are the symptoms?
This is when the pH of body fluids is below normal range.
Occurs when there’s failure to remove acid products of metabolism.
Symptoms include muscular weakness, headache, confusion, coma, nausea, cardiac arrhythmia, and hyperkalaemia.
What is alkalosis?
When does it occur?
What are the symptoms?
When the pH of body fluids is above normal range.
Occurs when there is too rapid elimination of acidic products of metabolism.
Symptoms include muscular weakness, headache, tetany, muscle cramps, coma, cardiac arrhythmia, and hypokalaemia.
What is hyperkalaemia?
How is is it caused?
When too much potassium enter into the blood.
Cells have 3Na+/2K+ ATPase pump.
Acidosis inhibits this pump so K+ will accumulate outside of the cell –> hyperkalaemia.
What does hyperkalaemia lead to?
Cardiac arrhythmia.
What does cerebral vasoconstriction lead to?
All cerebral arteries contract.
Get a headache and might faint.
What is a buffer?
Weak acid/base that mop up protons.
Solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it.
What regulates volatile acids?
What regulates non-volatile acids?
Volatile - lungs.
Non-volatile - kidneys.
What non-volatile acids do the kidneys regulate?
Sulfuric acid,
Phosphoric acid,
Lactic acid,
Ketone bodies.
What are the intracellular buffering systems?
What are the extracellular buffering systems?
Intracellular - phosphate, proteins, AA’s, Hb.
Extracellular - bicarbonate, serum proteins.
What is the difference between metabolic and respiratory problems?
Metabolic - caused by pH imbalances of the body.
Respiratory - caused by improper lung function.
