The role of plaque in periodontal disease Flashcards
What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Gingivitis is reversible and periodontitis is not.
What clinically can be seen in gingivitis?
Inflammation
Deep periodontal pockets
What can be seen clinically in periodontitis?
Inflammation Migration of epithelial attachment Destruction of periodontal ligament Destruction of bone Recession True pockets Bleeding
What are the 3 main damaging products that bacteria produce?
- Metabolic products (highly acidic)
- Enzymes (proteases to break down connective tissue)
- Toxins (damage immune cells)
What is the host response to bacteria?
Inflammation
Innate and adaptive
Removal of damaged tissues / repair
What is the gingivitis not found in the crevicular fluid?
Immune cells here
What is occurring between the bacteria and the host in gingivitis?
- Natural biofilm
- Organised microbial community
- Composition depends on environment
- Coordinated response to plaque
- Protective response
What happens when periodontitis progresses?
Mature plaque Pathogenic species Effective inflammatory response Local host response unbalanced Loss of periodontal support
What is the definition fo a bacterial virulence factor?
Products of a pathogenic organism essential for development of disease.
Mya have direct damage to host or indirect via inflammatory response.
What pathogen is associated with periodontitis?
P gingivalis
Give some host risk factors
Genetics Age Stress Smoking Systemic conditions e.g. diabetes
How can we treat periodontal diseases?
1) Prevent plaque from maturing (teach OHI)
2) Remove mature plaque (scaling needed)
3) Anti-septic mouthwashes
4) Antibiotics (when bacteria are multiplying in tissue)
