The Rock Cycle and Properties of Rocks Flashcards
what is weathering
the process that break down rock
what can cause physical weathering
-wind
-temperature change
-water and ice
-crystallization of salts
what can cause chemical weathering
-water
-acids
-oxygen
-carbon dioxide
what can cause biological weathering
livinng things and yheir products
define erosion
rock transported from one place to another
what are the agents of erosion
water, wind, gravity or ice
what is deposition
laying down of sediments
how are igneous rocks formed
when magma (intrusive) or lave (extrusive) cools down an crystalizes
characteristics of igneous rock
interlocking miner crystals
how do sedimentary rocks form
are made up of compacted and cemented sediments
the three types of seidmentary rocks
-clastic
-chemical
-biogenic
what is clastic sedimentary rocks
from from clasts (small pieces) of pre-existing rock
what is chemical sedimentary rocks
formed when dissolved minerals come out of water.
what is biogenic sedimentary rock
formed when dead organisms are cemented together
strata?
stacked-up layers of sedimentary rock
how do metamorphic rocks form
intense heat and pressure alter an already existing rock
shearing?
a movement of rocks slidingpast eacother
what are the 3 types of metmorphism and what are they
1- regional metamorphism: when the rock went through a large area and altered by both heat and pressure
2- contact metamorphism: mostly alterd by heat
3- dynamic metamorphisn: mostly altered by pressure
floiation?
when a rock develops layer (bands) with pressure
what is hydrothermal fluids
super heated fluids that circle the earths crust and pick up minerals on the way
explain the 3 processes of obtaining minerals
1-mining- the resource is removed from the ground
2-processing- the wanted materials extracted while unwante dmaterials removed
3- rehabilation-mining site is repaired and turned into somethinsimilar to original enviroment
mining methods
1-open cut-used when mineral is neat the surface
2 -underground mining-when mineral is deep underground
3- dredging- when mineral is found in sand
4-leach mining-when fluid is sent to dissolve the mineral and so then it can be pumbed out
smelting?
intense heating
tailings?
waste material from mine often toxic
