The Rock cycle Flashcards
What are rocks?
A mixture of different minerals
What is still?
Still, is the horizontal magma flow when undergoing too much high pressure and heat in the chamber.
What is Dike?
Dike, is the angular flow of magma when undergoing high pressure and heat in the chamber.
What are Igneous rocks?
Forms when molten rock cools and solidifies
What is a molten rock called when it is below the earth’s surface?
Magma
What is it called when molten rock is above the earth’s surface?
Lava
How are igneous rocks classified?
Where there are formed (intrusive or extrusive) and what they are formed (Mineral composition)
What are intrusive igneous rocks?
It forms below the earth’s surface. It cools down and solidifies into crystals - cools very slowly
How are intrusive igneous rocks formed?
It forms below the earth’s surface and forms when magma enters a chamber
Why do intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals?
Because they cool down very slowly
What are some examples of intrusive igneous rocks?
Granite, Diorite, Gabbro
How do extrusive igneous rocks form?
Forms when magma makes its way to the earth’s surface. Flows above the surface as lava and cools forming rock
Why do extrusive igneous rocks have small crystals?
Because they cool quickly
What is volcanic glass?
These rocks cool very quickly. that few or no minerals are formed.
What are some examples of volcanic glass?
Obsidian, pumice, scoria
How are the atoms of Volcanic glasses arranged?
The atoms of the rock do not have an orderly structure.
What are magma types?
They are used to further classify igneous rocks by the magma which they are formed
What can igneous rocks be formed from?
They can be formed from granite, andesite or basalt magma
What does magma composition determine?
It determines the physical and chemical properties of an igneous rock
What does magma composition determine?
It determines the physical and chemical properties of an igneous rock
What is sediment?
Are loose materials such as grains and bits of shell. Comes from already existing rocks.
What does it come from?
It comes from already existing rock that eroded and weathered
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Forms when sediments are pressed and cemented together
What are stacked rocks?
Sedimentary rocks forms layer and the basic rule is that older layers are on the bottom because they deposit first
What are stacked rocks?
Sedimentary rocks forms layer and the basic rule is that older layers are on the bottom because they deposit first
How are sedimentary rocks classified?
They can be made from any materials found in nature eg. organisms such as plants and animals. They are also classified by their manner and composition in formed.
What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?
Detrital, Chemical, organic
What are detrital sedimentary rocks?
They are made from the broken fragments of other rocks
What helps make detrital rocks?
Weathering and erosion
What is the process of weathering and erosion?
When rock is exposed to air, water or ice, it breaks down chemically and mechanically.
What is the breaking down process of rocks called?
Weathering
What is the movement of weathering called?
Erosion
What is compaction?
This process helps the formation of detrital sedimentary rocks.
What is the process of compaction?
- Sediments are deposited ten builds up multiple layers
- Pressure builds up and pushes down the layers
- Small sediments stick together forming a solid
What is cementation?
Is the process of large sediments sticking together. They have to be cemented together
What is the process of cementation?
- Water moves through soil and rock which picks up materials from minerals during weathering. It results in moving through open spaces.
What are chemical sedimentary rocks?
Forms when dissolved minerals come out of the solution. They are deposited of minerals from sediments and rocks. They are not made from other preexisting rocks.
What are some examples of chemical sedimentary rocks?
Rock salt. Rock salt is a very important resource.
What are organic sedimentary rocks?
They are made of remains of living things. Common organic sedimentary rock is fossil-rich limestone.
What are some examples of organic sedimentary rocks?
Chalk and limestone. These are made from living sea organisms and microscopic shells.
What are metamorphic rocks?
Any rock can become a metamorphic rock. Minerals are formed without melting by high pressures and temperatures. It means to change form.
What are the types of metamorphic rocks?
They are classified by composition and texture. The types are Foliated and Non-foliated.
What are foliated metamorphic rocks?
Rocks which the mineral have flattened and pushed down into layers.
What are some examples of foliated metamorphic rocks?
Slate, shale and gniess
What are non-foliated metamorphic rocks?
They are massive structures with no obvious banding. The mineral grains grow and rearrange. They don’t form or display layers.
What are some examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks?
Quartzite - the metamorphosed form of the mineral quartz. Marble and Andesite/ hard coal - undergoes intense gases and preassure.
