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The Rock Cycle/Science > The Rock cycle > Flashcards

The Rock cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are rocks?

A

A mixture of different minerals

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2
Q

What is still?

A

Still, is the horizontal magma flow when undergoing too much high pressure and heat in the chamber.

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3
Q

What is Dike?

A

Dike, is the angular flow of magma when undergoing high pressure and heat in the chamber.

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4
Q

What are Igneous rocks?

A

Forms when molten rock cools and solidifies

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5
Q

What is a molten rock called when it is below the earth’s surface?

A

Magma

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6
Q

What is it called when molten rock is above the earth’s surface?

A

Lava

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7
Q

How are igneous rocks classified?

A

Where there are formed (intrusive or extrusive) and what they are formed (Mineral composition)

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8
Q

What are intrusive igneous rocks?

A

It forms below the earth’s surface. It cools down and solidifies into crystals - cools very slowly

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9
Q

How are intrusive igneous rocks formed?

A

It forms below the earth’s surface and forms when magma enters a chamber

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10
Q

Why do intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals?

A

Because they cool down very slowly

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11
Q

What are some examples of intrusive igneous rocks?

A

Granite, Diorite, Gabbro

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12
Q

How do extrusive igneous rocks form?

A

Forms when magma makes its way to the earth’s surface. Flows above the surface as lava and cools forming rock

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13
Q

Why do extrusive igneous rocks have small crystals?

A

Because they cool quickly

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14
Q

What is volcanic glass?

A

These rocks cool very quickly. that few or no minerals are formed.

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15
Q

What are some examples of volcanic glass?

A

Obsidian, pumice, scoria

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16
Q

How are the atoms of Volcanic glasses arranged?

A

The atoms of the rock do not have an orderly structure.

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17
Q

What are magma types?

A

They are used to further classify igneous rocks by the magma which they are formed

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18
Q

What can igneous rocks be formed from?

A

They can be formed from granite, andesite or basalt magma

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19
Q

What does magma composition determine?

A

It determines the physical and chemical properties of an igneous rock

20
Q

What does magma composition determine?

A

It determines the physical and chemical properties of an igneous rock

21
Q

What is sediment?

A

Are loose materials such as grains and bits of shell. Comes from already existing rocks.

22
Q

What does it come from?

A

It comes from already existing rock that eroded and weathered

23
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Forms when sediments are pressed and cemented together

24
Q

What are stacked rocks?

A

Sedimentary rocks forms layer and the basic rule is that older layers are on the bottom because they deposit first

24
Q

What are stacked rocks?

A

Sedimentary rocks forms layer and the basic rule is that older layers are on the bottom because they deposit first

25
Q

How are sedimentary rocks classified?

A

They can be made from any materials found in nature eg. organisms such as plants and animals. They are also classified by their manner and composition in formed.

26
Q

What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?

A

Detrital, Chemical, organic

27
Q

What are detrital sedimentary rocks?

A

They are made from the broken fragments of other rocks

28
Q

What helps make detrital rocks?

A

Weathering and erosion

29
Q

What is the process of weathering and erosion?

A

When rock is exposed to air, water or ice, it breaks down chemically and mechanically.

30
Q

What is the breaking down process of rocks called?

A

Weathering

31
Q

What is the movement of weathering called?

A

Erosion

32
Q

What is compaction?

A

This process helps the formation of detrital sedimentary rocks.

33
Q

What is the process of compaction?

A
  1. Sediments are deposited ten builds up multiple layers
  2. Pressure builds up and pushes down the layers
  3. Small sediments stick together forming a solid
34
Q

What is cementation?

A

Is the process of large sediments sticking together. They have to be cemented together

35
Q

What is the process of cementation?

A
  1. Water moves through soil and rock which picks up materials from minerals during weathering. It results in moving through open spaces.
36
Q

What are chemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Forms when dissolved minerals come out of the solution. They are deposited of minerals from sediments and rocks. They are not made from other preexisting rocks.

37
Q

What are some examples of chemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Rock salt. Rock salt is a very important resource.

38
Q

What are organic sedimentary rocks?

A

They are made of remains of living things. Common organic sedimentary rock is fossil-rich limestone.

39
Q

What are some examples of organic sedimentary rocks?

A

Chalk and limestone. These are made from living sea organisms and microscopic shells.

40
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

Any rock can become a metamorphic rock. Minerals are formed without melting by high pressures and temperatures. It means to change form.

41
Q

What are the types of metamorphic rocks?

A

They are classified by composition and texture. The types are Foliated and Non-foliated.

42
Q

What are foliated metamorphic rocks?

A

Rocks which the mineral have flattened and pushed down into layers.

43
Q

What are some examples of foliated metamorphic rocks?

A

Slate, shale and gniess

44
Q

What are non-foliated metamorphic rocks?

A

They are massive structures with no obvious banding. The mineral grains grow and rearrange. They don’t form or display layers.

45
Q

What are some examples of non-foliated metamorphic rocks?

A

Quartzite - the metamorphosed form of the mineral quartz. Marble and Andesite/ hard coal - undergoes intense gases and preassure.

The Rock Cycle/Science (1 decks)

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