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History > The Roaring Twenties > Flashcards

The Roaring Twenties Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of a “Roaring” Time Period:

A
  • Period of economic boom
  • Time of great excitement
  • Social, artistic and cultural dynamism
  • “Consumer society”
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2
Q

after coming back from war, due to all the changes, what did soldiers begin to do?

A
  • Soldiers began to protest
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3
Q

what happened during 1919

A
  • 1919: increased unemployment, soldiers returned as munitions factories closed
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4
Q

what was the price increase of ground beef

A
  • Inflation: price increases eg) ground beef 1914- $0.10 /lb 🡪 1918- $0.38/lb
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5
Q

what did the government do for soldiers with disabilities coming back from war

A
  • Government cancelled support for soldiers with disabilities because there were too many
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6
Q

what was it like for soldiers coming back from war

A
  • Many soldiers were suffering shell shock
  • 4500 were prisoners of war (POWs)
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7
Q

technology during period of adjustment

A
  • Technology and new inventions changed the world
  • As the economy improved, people started to spend money on appliances, telephones, radios and sporting events
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8
Q

attitudes during period of adjustment

A
  • Many people were optimistic about the future and thought that the good times were only going to get better
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9
Q

women during period of adjustment

A
  • Attitudes towards women were changing
  • Women’s style reflected some new freedoms
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10
Q

nationalism during period of adjustment

A
  • Canadian nationalism was growing and Canadians were creating a distinct Canadian identity
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11
Q

what was the economy moving away from during the period of adjustment

A
  • The economy was moving away from war production
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12
Q

where was the economy good in canada and why?

A
  • Although some unemployment, Ont, Que, and B.C.experienced good economic times throughout most of the 1920’s
    • Strong demand for pulp,
      paper, cars and other goods
      not available during the war
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13
Q

where was the economy bad in canada and why?

A
  • The Prairies and the Maritimes were struggling as wheat prices were falling (they no longer needed to feed the oversea troops)
  • Some people in the Prairie and Maritime provinces felt that the Ottawa politicians did not care about them and started talking about creating new political parties or even separating from Canada
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14
Q

what did one big union do

A
  • One Big Union (OBU): tried to join many unions together
  • Became popular in Western Canada
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15
Q

what is a general strike

A
  • General Strikes: strike directed at governments and employers as a group
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16
Q

Winnipeg General Strike:

A
  • In 1919, 30,000 people went on strike, closed factories, stores, essential services
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17
Q

Prohibition:

A
  • 1918: Under the WMA (War Measures Act), federal government enacted prohibition
  • Prohibition: laws against making and selling liquor
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18
Q

rum runners & bootleggers

A

Every year, “rum runners” transported 45 million litres of liquor into the US

Bootlegger: someone who made or sold alcohol illegally

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19
Q

when was prohibition repealed?

A
  • Repealed by 1921, but US kept prohibition for much longer
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20
Q

economic boom

A
  • 1924
  • Increase in consumer goods
  • Mass production techniques
  • Canada became a major wheat exporter
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21
Q

who was canada moving closer with?

A
  • Canada was moving closer economically and culturally with the United States
  • began to trade less with Britain and more with the US
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22
Q

insulin

A
  • Frederick Banting in 1921
  • 1922 Leonard Thompson, a 14 year old boy, was the first person treated
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23
Q

The Telephone

A
  • In 1920 1 in 4 families had a phone
  • In 1929 3 of 4 families had a phone
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24
Q

The Automobile

A
  • The Model T car was mass produced and flooded the market
  • Millions of jobs were created
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25
Q

The Airplane

A
  • Air transport expanded rapidly between 1920 and 1937
26
Q

The Radio

A
  • First radio broadcast in North America was on May 20, 1920

New type of entertainment
- CBC – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
was created
- Hockey Night in Canada first aired on March 22, 1923

27
Q

what were other changes in technology?

A

refrigerator, toaster, vaccuum

28
Q

group of seven (JALFFFA)

A
  • J.E.H. MacDonald, Lawren Harris, Franklin Carmichael, Arthur Lismer, F.H. Varley, A.Y. Jackson and Franz Johnson
  • The artwork expressed Canada’s physical richness and beauty
29
Q

literature

A
  • A new style of Canadian literature would encourage and influence later generations of Canadian writers
  • Strange Fugitive by Morley Callaghan
30
Q

sports

A
  • “Canada’s Golden Age of Sports”
  • Canadian athletes won medals and trophies all around the world
  • Bluenose (the ship on the dime) made famous by winning international races
  • Professional hockey emerged as one of Canada’s favorite sports
  • 1928 Olympics (Bobbie Rosenfeld, Percy Williams)
31
Q

before flappers

A
  • Before the start of World War I, the Gibson Girl was the look to have.
    - Had long hair, a long
    straight skirt, and a shirt
    with a high collar, corsets…
  • Girls joined the workforce to support the country during the war
    - As a result, they broke out
    of society’s structure and
    after the war, didn’t want to
    go back to the way things
    were
32
Q

flappers (5)

A
  • Flappers were a group of women during the 1920s aged late teens to early twenties (around 19 years old)
  • Less bulky clothing to move freely, especially for Jazz dances
  • Hemline of skirts rose to above the knee
  • Wore makeup and cut hair into a ‘bob’ or ‘shingle’
  • Attitude and behaviour was blunt, sexual, risky, reckless
  • Smoked and drank alcohol, which shocked men and older generations
33
Q

Agnes Macphail:

A
  • Four women ran for office during the 1921 election
  • Only Agnes Macphail won her seat
  • She was the only woman in the House of Commons until 1935
  • 4 Western provinces elected 9 women into their legislatures, but the federal and provincial governments remained firmly male dominated
34
Q

1917 emily murphy

A
  • In 1917, Emily Murphy was put forward for Senate
  • PM Borden refused on the basis that only “persons” could hold this office under the BNA Act
35
Q

who were the famous five/Alberta five (LINEH)

A

Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Irene Parlby

36
Q

the persons case

A
  • The Famous Five challenged PM Mackenzie King to appoint a women senator and to clarify the definition of “persons”
  • The Supreme Court of Canada decided that women were not “persons” under the Canadian Constitution
  • The Famous FIve went to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Britain in 1929 and it declared its support for women
37
Q

the chanak crisis

A
  • 1922
  • Chanak was a Turkish port controlled by Britain as a condition of one of the treaties signed at the Paris Peace Conference
    - If Turkey regained this port,
    it would have clear access to
    Europe through the Black
    Sea to the Mediterranean
  • Britain saw this as a threat and asked PM King to send troops from Canada to defend the port
  • King brought the issue to Parliament, and by the time the issue was debated, the crisis had passed
38
Q

the significance of the chanak crisis

A

Marked the first time Canada did not automatically support the British Empire in war

39
Q

The Halibut Treaty:

A
  • In 1923, Canada negotiated a treaty with the US to protect halibut along the coasts of BC and Alaska
  • King insisted that Canada sign the Halibut Treaty without the signature of a British representative
  • British did not like this and tried to pressure Canada
  • King did not budge and threatened to set up an independent Canadian representative in Washington, to which Britain backed down
40
Q

significance of halibut treaty

A
  • Marked the first treaty negotiated and signed independently by the Canadian government
41
Q

king-byng crisis

A
  • In 1926, King requested to dissolve Parliament and call an election, but Governor General Byng refused
  • King said it was undemocratic for a governor general to refuse to take the advice of the PM and publicly challenged Britain
42
Q

signficiance of king-byng crisis

A

Since then, no governor general has acted against the wishes of an elected prime minister

43
Q

The Imperial Conference and the Balfour Report:

A
  • At the Imperial Conference of 1926, colonies of Britain requested formal recognition of their autonomy, the freedom to govern themselves
  • Lord Balfour and his committee examined the request and published the Balfour Report in support of it
44
Q

The Statute of Westminster:

A
  • The recommendation of the Balfour Report became law in 1931, when the Statute of Westminster was passed by the British government
  • Turned the British Empire into the British Commonwealth
45
Q

significance of statute of westminster

A
  • Were considered free and equal states that shared and allegiance to Britain
  • Canada could make its own laws
46
Q

timeline of residential school

A

1870s: Industrial schools
1884: Residential
1920: Mandatory Attendance
1933: Legal Guardianship of Children

47
Q

who operated residential schools

A

The Canadian government operated Residential Schools in partnership with the Anglican, Catholic, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches, among others.

48
Q

who was financially responsible for residential schools

A

The Canadian government was financially responsible for Residential Schools.

49
Q

where were residential schools located

A

Residential schools operated in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland.

50
Q

who attended residential schools, how many (students & school)

A
  • Children between the ages of 4-16 attended Residential School.
  • It is estimated that over 150,000 First Nation, Inuit, and Métis children attended Residential School.
  • More than 130 schools throughout Canada
51
Q

assimilation

A
  • The goal of Residential Schools was to assimilate Indigenous children into society.
  • Convert to Christianity/Western Culture
52
Q

who encouraged assimilation?

A

Government parties actively encouraged assimilation

53
Q

what was the most effective way to “civilize” indigenous children

A

Residential Schools were deemed to be the most effective way to “civilize” Indigenous people.

54
Q

what were the conditions like in residential schools

A
  • Completely remove children from their communities and forced into ‘moral’ education that promoted the values of ‘White Society’
  • Little or no contact with families (officials were concerned children would revert)
  • Prohibited children from speaking their Native languages
  • Forced to wear uniforms and severely punished if rules were broken
55
Q

a canadian whistleblower

A

Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce worked for the Department of the Interior and the Department of Indian Affairs from 1904 until 1921, when he was forced to retire

During his time working for the ministry he found extraordinarily elevated rates of tuberculosis and shockingly high mortality among children

56
Q

shocking statistics (4)

A

Average death rate was 24%, but in one school it was 75%

Despite having higher birth rates, the Indigenous population saw a decrease due to high death rates

The government allotted significantly less money to fight tuberculosis in reserves

Despite rampant tuberculosis and high death rates, no action or recommendation were ever taken.

57
Q

who did not benefit from the roaring twenties?

A

indigenous peoples

58
Q

quality of live in reserves (4)

A

The quality of life on the reserves continued to decline
- Alcohol was consumed in unhealthy amounts
- Suicide rates were the highest in the country
- Diseases like tuberculosis continued to kill many
- Inferior housing

59
Q

who began to fight against the injustices

A
  • F.O. Loft (Mohawk Chief) set up the League of Indians of Canada
  • Other leaders were organizing their people to fight back
60
Q

who continued to make decisions for the indigenous

A

The Canadian government continued to make decisions for them

61
Q

what provinces were included in the maritimes

A

new brunswick, nova scotia, pei, but NOT newfnoudland

62
Q

why did prohibition become a thing?

A

soldiers were abusing alcohol to cope, increased violence in homes

History (3 decks)

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