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History paper 2 > The Roaring 20s USA, 1919-1929 > Flashcards

The Roaring 20s USA, 1919-1929 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Tariff policy: the Fordney-McCumber tariff, 1922:

A

Put a tariff on foreign goods and made them more expensive than the same American products

The policy was intended to protect American industry and worked well in the 1920s.

Helped to create ‘boom’ conditions

Tariff not effective in the long term as it encouraged foreign governments to retaliate and put tariffs on American goods.

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2
Q

American attitudes on the League of Nations:

A

Did not want their country involved in disputes taking place far away

Believed the USA would have to bear the cost of keeping the peace

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3
Q

Key points for Isolationism:

A
  • issue of League of Nations
  • effects of WW1
  • tariff policy
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4
Q

What is isolationism:

A

America saying to the rest of the world they want to do things there way.

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5
Q

What was Woodrow Wilson responsible for:

A

His fourteen points of 1918 were the basis for the peace settlement therefore he was responsible for setting up the League of Nations.

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6
Q

What was the republicans view on the League of Nations:

A

Against the League of Nations.

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7
Q

What was the democrats view on the League of Nations:

A

Democrats for the League of Nations

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8
Q

What was Warren Hardings view on the League of Nations:

A

‘American First’

Need to return to ‘normalcy’

Cost of the League and any future war

Cost of the war - 112,000 dead

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9
Q

Examples of Republicans against the League of Nations:

A

Henry CabotLodge - congression

Warren Harding - President

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10
Q

Examples of Democrats for the League of Nations:

A

Woodrow Wilson - sick - lack of effectiveness

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11
Q

What were Hardings key policies:

A

Isolation

Tariffs

Low taxes to help businesses grow

Give workers money to spend

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12
Q

Why were the democrats for the League of Nations:

A

US involvement was essential as they had the money and the military to see the League of Nations off to a good start

Moral thing to do - Woodrow Wilson religious

Couldn’t see League of Nations working without US involvement

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13
Q

What did the 1917 immigration law state:

A

Required all foreigners to take a literacy test to prove they could read a short passage of English.

This effectively prevented people from poorer countries entering the USA.

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14
Q

What did the 1921 immigration Quota Act state:

A

Limited maximum number of immigrants allowed into the USA to 357,000 per year.

Limited number of ethnic group emigrating to USA to three per cent of the number already in the USA in 1910. Worked in favour of immigrants from northern and Western Europe as already had great number of American citizens.

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15
Q

Mass production in the USA before 1920:

A

USAs industry and farming had grown steadily since 1860

Country had huge huge resources

Had a growing population, many of them immigrants willing to work hard

Railways, mining and manufacturing were all strong

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16
Q

Immediate consequences of the Wall Street Crash:

A

Many individuals were bankrupt - could not pay back the loans they used to buy their shares

Some homeowners lost homes as could not pay mortgages

Some who had savings lost their money when banks collapsed

Farmers suffered similar fate as banks tried to get back loans

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17
Q

How did big institutions suffer as a result of the Wall Street Crash:

A

About 11,000 banks stopped trading between 1929 and 1933

At same time, demand for goods of all types fell

As a result, production fell and so did wages and jobs

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18
Q

In the USA in 1920 how did the rush to buy shares cause problems:

A

Many people bought and sold shares to make quick profits instead of keeping their money invested in the same businesses for some time.

Companies were forced by shareholders to pay out profits to shareholders rather than reinvesting the profits.

Americans borrowed money on credit to buy their shares.

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19
Q

Why did the Wall Street Crash occur in USA in 1929:

A

Over production - more supply than demand

Americans borrowed money to buy shares - buying “shares on the margin”

Speculation in shares - forced prices up, unnatural value in shares

Farming less demand

Signs of crashing

Reactive tariff policies

20
Q

Why was prohibition not a success:

A

Alcohol trade driven underground

Bootleggers made large amounts of money smuggling alcohol into US

Much illegal brewing of alcohol - moonshine

Speakeasies (illegal bars) opened up and sold beer and other drinks

Government appointed prohibition agents, but far to few

Two agents - izzy Einstein and Moe Smith, gained a reputation for wearing elaborate disguises. Raided 3,000 speakeasies in first half of 1920.

21
Q

Two well known prohibition agents:

A

Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith

22
Q

What did Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith do:

A

Gained a reputation for wearing elaborate disguises.

Raided 3,000 speakeasies in the first half of the 1920s.

23
Q

What was moonshine:

A

Illegal liquor, often made or distributed under cover of darkness

24
Q

What were bootleggers:

A

People who carried liquor into the USA from Canada or Mexico.

The name comes from the fact they sometimes hid bottles inside their knee length boots.

25
Q

What were speakeasies:

A

Illegal bars

26
Q

How did the Wall Street Crash effect Americans:

A

Poor social conditions. For example: Bread lines

Jobs lost

1933 manufacturing was 25%

Homelessness - Hoovervilles

Suicides increased

Banks crashed

27
Q

What did the 1924 National Origins do:

A

Further reduced the quota to two percent of the population in 1890

28
Q

What did the 1929 immigration act state:

A

The number of immigrants entering the USA each year was reduced to 150,000

29
Q

How did American businesses profit form the early years of WW1:

A

American industries supplied arms and equipment

American firms able to take over much of export business of the European powers while they were caught up in fighting

Made USA wealthy and confident

30
Q

Who were flappers:

A

Young ladies who wore short skirts, had short hair, put on makeup and did what were considered outrageous things, such as smoking in public and dancing the tango and the charleston.

31
Q

When was the end of prohibition:

A

1933

32
Q

Why did prohibition end:

A

After the Wall Street Crash it was easier to argue the end of prohibition.

In 1932, Roosevelt promised to repeal the law. This involved congress passing another amendment to the constitution, the twenty first, which came into effect in 1933.

33
Q

He founded the Ford Motor company in 1903:

A

Henry Ford

34
Q

Car manufacturing by 1914:

A

Car could be produced in nearly one-tenth of the time previously taken

Price of cars came down

Wages for production-line workers went up

35
Q

Consequences of an “open” policy for immigrants before 1920:

A

Immigrants provided cheap labour and therefore created competition for jobs

Immigrants might bring new political ideas, such as communism from Russia, which would threaten American democracy

There was also racial prejudice against those who were not white-skinned and did not originate from Northern Europe

Waves of immigrants tending to concentrate ghettos within cities,where crime and violence were high

36
Q

What were the Jim Crow Laws:

A

Treating African Americans as inferior, to be exploited by whites Americans

37
Q

When were the Jim Crow Laws approved:

A

In 1896, US Supreme Court had given legal approval for the Jim Crow Laws

38
Q

When was the KKK originally formed:

A

1866

39
Q

What was the KKKs intention:

A

To terrorise African Americans who had just gained their freedom in the American civil war

40
Q

What did the KKK do in 1915:

A

It was reformed, attacked Catholics and Jews as well as African Americans.

41
Q

When did the KKK become hugely popular:

A

In the 1920s with around 5 million members

42
Q

When did Klansman meet:

A

In secret at night, but sometimes paraded openly during the day, wearing white hoods and white sheets.

43
Q

Who did the KKK intend to terrorise:

A

African Americans

Jews

Catholics

44
Q

What did the KKK make the AA, Jews and Catholics do:

A

Accept inferior status under the control of the WASPs.

45
Q

Who led the Klan:

A

The ‘Imperial Wizard’, with a ‘Grand Dragon’ in charge in each state

46
Q

Why did the support of the KKK decrease in late 1920s:

A

A well-publicised court case led to one of its leaders being convicted of the kidnap, rape and murder of a women on a train.

History paper 2 (4 decks)

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