The River Eden Flashcards
Location
NW England, between Yorkshire and Cumbria
Source
Pennines, Cumbria
Mouth
English-Scottish border
Upper Course
Steep sided valley
Erosion dominates
Middle Course
Flows through soft rock
Neither erosion or deposition are really dominant
Valley is more gentle & channel is wider
Lower Course
Deposition dominates
Wide, flat valley & wide, deep channel
V-shaped valleys
Hills either side at 500-700m above sea level (in Lake District)
Hell Gill Force
8m waterfall, tallest on the river
Has a gorge behind
Meanders on the river
Lower course e.g: by Salkeld
City situated on floodplain
Carlisle
Temperature
Low in upper course, causing freeze thaw weathering
Freeze thaw weathering causes
Rock to weaken, increasing the likelihood of mass movement
Mass movement causes
More sediment carried by river, meaning more abrasion
Rainfall
Saturates soil (more landslides)
Increasing volume of the channel (more sediment carried, more abrasion)
Rocks to the west of the basin
Impermeable, meaning lots of surface runoff, which can quickly enter the channel
Rocks in middle and lower course
Soft (sandstone), so is easily eroded to form meanders and river cliffs
Flood walls on the river Eden
10km of walls in Carlisle
Planting trees
Increases interception of rain water, increases lag time between rain falling and entering the channel
Causes energy in river to decrease, slowing the forming of meanders
Money spent and number of trees plantes
£500,000 was spent planting 1000 trees near the river
Location of resevoir relative to Carlisle
SE
Deforestation caused
More surface runoff
Farming caused lower soil stability, meaning
More soil is washed into the channel
