The Rise of The Nazis Flashcards
Hitler made speeches at the DAP with what 4 main themes
Dolchstoss
Disgust at TofV
Communist- Jewish conspiracy bent on destroying Germany
Hatred of Weimar and November Criminals
What does DAP stand for and who founded it
German Workers Party
Drexler
Overall did Hitler have a very good or very bad childhood and why
Very bad
Parents died at young age
Homeless for 5 years
Rejected from Academy of Fine Arts
He fought in German Army in WW1 (and earnt Iron Cross for bravery) but the war left him very injured and he felt led down by German Politicians (stab in the back)
When does Hitler join the DAP and make speeches for them (4 main themes)
1919
When do Hitler and Drexler make the 25 point programme for the DAP and its name becomes the NSDAP (Nazis)
1920
Who wrote the 25 point programme
Hitler and Drexler (founder of DAP)
Why in 1920 did DAP become known as the NSDAP
25 point programme writen to express both nationalist and socialist views
Hence N for nationalist and S for socialist
When did Hitler become the fuhrer of the NSDAP
1921
What does it mean when Hitler became Fuhrer of the NSDAP in 1921
He had such a big influence of the party that he became its leader- he had absolute power and authority over it and he is the one that can make all the decisions by himself
What 3 key things happen to the NSDAP in 1921
Hitler becomes fuhrer
It gets symbol and protection squad
Swatsika= emblem of party
Hitler attended political meetings in Munich- created a lot of violence- used protection squad to protect Nazi speakers which developed into SA (storm trooper/ brown shirts)
Why do the Nazis develop a protection squad in 1921
Hitler attended lots of political meetings in Munich which generated lots of violence
Needed protection squad (SA/ Stormtroopers/ brown shirts) to protect Nazi speakers
By 1923 how many members did the Nazis have
55,000
By 1923 were the Nazis confident or not and why
Yes
Had 55,000 members (lots of support)
Hitler used SA to disrupt meetings of other parties + made lots of speeches to the public
Party have gained respect from most of country so have lots of power
Meanwhile Weimar are very weak and unpopular (suffering from hyperinflation etc)
What key ideas were included in the 25 point programme
Scrapping of TofV
Creation of strong central Government to put programme into effect
Civil rights- only German citizens have right to vote in elections
Government will profit share from major industries
What was the 25 point programme
A political manifesto written by Drexler and Hitler in 1920 outlining their plan for their visions of a perfect Germany
Does the Munich Putsch succeed or fail
Fail
Why was 1923 a good time for Hitler to start a putsch
Hitler is strong (Nazis have over 50,000 members) the Weimar are weak (peak of hyperinflation)
Hitler was firm believer in ‘stab in the back’ theory and hatred of the TofV so wanted revenge
1922 Mussolini had started a putsch which succeeded (he had similar views to Hitler)
What date does the Munich Putsch start
8th November 1923
First event in Munich Putsch
8th November 1923
Hitler + 600 SA members storm into Munich beer hall where 2 key Political leaders are (Von Kahn and Von Lossow)
How many SA members storm into Munich beer hall 8th November 1918
600 SA members + Hitler
What 2 key political leaders are at Munich beer hall
Von Kahr
Von Lossow
What does Hitler declare in Munich beer hall
He is taking over Bavaria
General Ludendorff will be new leader of Germany
(Von Kahr and Von Lossow reluctantly agree to the plan)
SA take over local police and army HQ
However later they secretly call the police without Hitler realising
What happens on 9th November 1923 (the actual Putsch)
1000SA members + 2000 bribed volunteers gather ready to March to takeover Munich
Hitler had no support from locals
Hitler was outnumbered with guns
At main square 16 Nazis + 4 policeman killed
Hitler breaks collarbone and found hiding in wardrobe so is arrested
Who is arrested after the Munich Putsch
Hitler (found hiding in a wardrobe)
Why does the Munich Putsch fail
Hitler had no support from locals
He is outnumbered with guns
At main square 16 Nazis and 4 Policeman killed
Hitler found hiding in Wardrobe and arrested
(The armed rebellion against the government has failed as General Ludendorff hasn’t become new leader of Germany and Hitler hasn’t managed to takeover Bavaria)
What 2 key outcomes did Hitler want from the Munich Putsch
To takeover Bavaria
General Ludendorff become new leader of Germany
How many Nazis and Policeman were killed at the Main Square in the Munich Putsch
16 Nazis
4 policeman
After the Munich Putsch how long does Hitler spend in prison
9 months (out of the original 5 years)
Consequences of Munich Putsch
Nazi Party banned
Hitler arrested and faces a 1 month trial starting in February and is found guilty of treason
He is meant to spend 5 years in prison but only spends 9 months
Hitler uses trial as platform to make speeches attacking Weimar
Hitler turns into a national politician
Trials acts as huge propaganda success
Hitler treated like guest not prisoner
Hitler writes autobiography Mein Kampf containing strong political views
Although it was a short term failure why could it be argued that the Munich Putsch was a long term success
Hitler used his trial as a propaganda platform to express his strong political views which attacked the Weimar and write Mein Kampf
It allowed him to become a national politician
When were the lean years
1924-1929
(Same time as Golden Age of Weimar)
Following the Munich Putsch the Nazis were banned
When does Hitler relaunch it again
February 1924
Whilst Hitler has been in prison the Nazi Party have still been secretly running so he makes sure he reorganises the party and reestablishes his leadership
Why is 1924- 1929 known as the Lean Years
After Hitler comes out of jail in 1924 following the Munich Putsch he re-establishes his power over the Nazis and restructures it
Its membership rapidly increases
However at the same time it struggles to win seats in the Reichstag
How many seats do the Nazis have in 1924
32
How many seats do the Nazis have in 1928
12
How many seats do the Nazis have in the first 1932 election
230
Explain how and why chancellors changed from 1930 to 1933
1930 Hindenburg uses Article 48 to appoint Bruning as chancellor
Bruning is very unpopular and resigns in 1932- he becomes known as the bungee chancellor as he is forced to cut unemployment benefits
1932 Von Papen is appointed Chancellor but it’s very short lived and he’s quickly replaced by Von Schlicher who is also very short lived
(None of them can get majority)
By 1932 Nazis are largest part in Germany (230 seats) so can’t be ignored- 30th January Hitler is appointed chancellor
Hitler calls general election for March 1932
