The Rights Revolution Flashcards
What were the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?
13th - legal abolition of slavery
14th - all persons born in the United States are American
15th - all persons, regardless of race or colour, are allowed to vote
Name three strategies used by activists in the civil rights movement.
1) involvement of the federal government in an effort to establish rights for blacks
2) use of non-violent protests
3) white allyship
When and what was Brown vs. Board of Education?
The Brown vs. Board of Education was a declaration in 1954 which stated that the ‘separate but equal’ concept had no place in education, ruling out segregation in schools
When and what was the Little Rock incident?
The Little Rock incident of 1957 happened when 9 black children decided to go to a newly desegregated school in Arkansas. However, the white citizens were outraged and the military had to become involved.
When and what was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The bus boycott of December 1955, was a protest which involved Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on a bus for a white man. It resulted in a coordinated campaign against segregation in Montgomery, headed by Parks and MLK Jr., and achieved an abolition of ‘separate but equal’.
When and what was the SCLC?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, formed in 1957
When and what were the Lunch Counter Sit-ins?
The lunch counter sit-ins of 1960 onwards were a campaign of non-violent protests in which black teens sat in white seats in diners. When they refused to move, they were treated horribly by white citizens, which spread rebellion amongst southern blacks.
What was the SNCC?
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
When did SNCC terminate white membership, and why?
December 1945, because they thought MLK was too sympathetic towards whites
What was the Black Nationalist movement?
The Black Nationalist Movement, headed by Malcolm X, was an aggressive approach to the black situation in America. It involved overt, revolutionary preaching about the inequities in American capitalism, and targeted the white man as the oppressor.
What did the Cold War do for women?
Pushed them into domestic roles
When was the average woman married by in 1950?
20 years old
What was the consequence of young marriage rates?
The baby boom
Define ‘the problem’.
The problem was a sweeping ideology during this time, in which rather than satisfy the typical role of a woman in the 20th century, many women wanted to abandon the role of housewife and mother, and go off to college
What was NOW?
National Organisation of Women, which defined liberal feminism and manipulated the federal government to ameliorate the situation for women
What did JFK establish in 1963?
The Commission on State of Women and Equality of Pay Act - protection from segregation and abuse, and an effort to establish equal pay for men and women.
When was the constitutional amendment on equality for women passed?
1972
What did Roe vs. Wade say about abortion?
It resulted in the Supreme Court ruling that a woman had the constitutional right to an abortion, if she deemed it appropriate or beneficial
What was Jim Crow?
Jim Crow was a set of segregational laws in the south which prohibited blacks from receiving rights which the amendments gave them
When and what was the Roe vs. Wade decision?
The Roe vs. Wade decision was a Supreme Court decision from 1971-73, which resulted in the declaration that an abortion was a fundamental right
What was the Civil Rights Bill of 1964?
It was a bill that put an end to the segregational laws in the U.S.
What was the Voting Rights Act?
The voting rights act was a legislation passed in 1965 which prohibited the use of means to prevent African Americans from voting
How much of a man’s dollar did women earn in 1963?
59 cents
When was the National Black Feminist Organisation established?
1973
When did women’s earnings rise above 60 cents to a man’s dollar?
1982
When and what were the Freedom Rides?
In 1961, student volunteers took bus rides through states with segregational laws to publicly protest against them
What did Johnson instate in 1965 to ensure minorities were given equal treatment in work and employment?
The affirmative action order
When and how was the banning of interracial marriage deemed unconstitutional?
In 1967, through the Loving vs. Virginia case
