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The Revolutionary War Flashcards

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1
Q

**Who was the British commander in chief in North America and governor of Massachusetts

A

Thomas Gage

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2
Q

Who was ordered to resort royal authority

A

Thomas Gage

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3
Q

Gage decided to seize colonial mutations where?

A

Concord

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4
Q

Who did Gage order to be arrested

A

Samual Adams and John Hancock

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5
Q

Samuel Adams and John Hancock where what?

A

Sons of Liberty- (group of patriotic societies)

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6
Q

Adams Presided over the ______________ that preceded the Boston Tea Party

A

Mass Meeting

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7
Q

***At the end of the battle at Lexington and Concord how many soldiers were killed?

A

273

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8
Q

The Second Continental Congress
In Philadelphia,_____ authorized the creation of the Continental Army and paper money

A

June

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9
Q

The Second Continental Congress
In Philadelphia ________ drew up the olive branch petition

A

July

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10
Q

The Second Continental Congress
____________ affirmed American Loyalty to George III

A

philadelphia

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11
Q

Philadelphia asked ___________ to reject the policies of his minsters

A

George lll

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12
Q

At the Second Continental Congress the ______ refused to receive the Olive Branch Petition

A

British

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13
Q

***What 3 things come with Lord German Germain

A

-military leader
-opposed to repeal the Stamp Act
-Vague and poor strategic decisions

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14
Q

Who nominated George Washington to be the commander and chief of the Continental Army?

A

John Adams

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15
Q

The British sent Gage 3 generals who were they?

A

John Burgoyne, Sir Henry Clinton, and Sir William Howe

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16
Q

The British were ________,________, a _________, __________,________,__________,_________

A

-well equipped
-well trained
-ably led
-well disciplined
-finest infantry in the world
-muzzle loading musket
-confident
-suspicious of the abilities of the colonist

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17
Q

***The Second Congenital Congress mobilized an army of how many?

A

95,000-110,000

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18
Q

The Second Congenital Congress only sent ______ to the colonies, including _______ German mercenaries the colonist called Hessions.

A

50,000
30,000

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19
Q

the soldiers got paid how much a day?

A

25 cents

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20
Q

many switch sides and stayed where after the war

A

U.S

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21
Q

how many loyalist where in the colonies

A

500,000

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22
Q

what did tories believe in?

A

separation from Britain was an illegal act

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23
Q

only _______ loyalist fought with the British

A

20,000

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24
Q

what were the strongholds In the second congenital congress (three N’s)

A

New York, New Jersey, Penn

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25
Q

What was the Prohibitory Act

A

authorized a naval blockade of the colonies

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26
Q

The British called a quick _____ that would overrun New England and cut it off from the other colonies

A

Strike

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27
Q

The British planned to do what?

A

seize the naval bases in Rhode Island and New York so they could command the Atlantic Coast with their sea power

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28
Q

***What do these characteristics describe
-ill fed
-ill clothed
-ill trained at first

A

Continental Army

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29
Q

Who became a president and commander and chief at this time period (June 17th, 1775)

A

George Washington

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30
Q

Who are Washington’s principle commanders

A

-Benedict Arnold, Horatio Gates, Nathaniel Greene, Henry Knox, The Marquis de Lafayette, Charles Lee, Casimir Pulaski, Fredrich Von Steuben

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31
Q

What began to be formed prior to the Revolutionary War

A

Militas

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32
Q

_______- were ready in a MINUTE notice, prominent in Massachusetts***

A

Minutemen

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33
Q

The Continental Army usually fought _______

A

European style
(2 ranks instead of 3)

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34
Q

What is the Patriot strategy

A

-Defensive
-Planned to fight the British strong Fortifications

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35
Q

_____- Rebel/ Patriot Victory

A

Fort Ticonderoga

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36
Q

Who 2 people captured Fort Ticonderoga

A

Ethan Allen
Benedict Arnold

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37
Q

At the Battle of Bunker at Bunker Hill Gage decided to do what

A

Attack Dorchester Heights

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38
Q

What did William Prescott say?

A

don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes

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39
Q

The colonials had ___ casualties, ___ killed, and ____ casualty rate

A

450
1/3
30%

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40
Q

Who was Gage replaced by

A

General William Howe

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41
Q

The British Strategy changed somewhat under who?

A

Howe and Lord Germain

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42
Q

Howe and Lord Germain decided to do what ______________________ and crush the ______________

A

capture major cities
Continental forces in a major

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43
Q

What was the 1st target

A

New York City

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44
Q

Why was New York City the 1st target

A

-Central location
-Loyalist population
-Finical importance

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45
Q

What was the British’s plan

A

-move from New York City to meet General Sir Guy Charletons troops
-cut off England or engage in Washington in the battle

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46
Q

What was the Battle of Long Island

A

a British victory 23,000 contentintals/minutemen- marched from Boston to Brooklyn Heights on Long Island, British 32,000

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47
Q

What were the consequences due to The Battle of Long Island

A

-Colonist were pushed back to Manhattan then escaped to Westchester County
- Washington was almost captured
-Howes indecisiveness hurt the British effort
-difficulty in supplying the army
-finical problems

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48
Q

What was the Style of Warfare at this time?

A

-European Style
-expert movements of mass formations
-rapid maneuvers designed to crush an enemy
-“bullets then bayonets”
-muskets had a range of less than 100 yards
-battles usually occurred in open country

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49
Q

Who was Nathan Hale

A

-1st spy
-yale teacher
-captain in a group known as the Rangers
-in the New York area to repel the British

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50
Q

Who tricked Hale into thinking he was a spy for the Americans

A

Colonial Robert Rogers

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51
Q

Robert Rogers got hanged upon who’s orders

A

General Howe

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52
Q

Howe Chases Washington where

A

New Jersey

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53
Q

Washington cross the ____________ river In Pennsylvania

A

Delaware River

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54
Q

Howe pulled his army into _________ for the winter

A

New York City

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55
Q

Who left the Hessians to hold the British line of advance

A

Howe

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56
Q

At the Battle of Trenton Washington ______ hessians and over __ contentients were killed

A

1000, 4

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57
Q

Washington had ________ men

A

18,000

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58
Q

***Battle of Trenton did what 2 things

A

-boosted civilian and military morale
-drove a wedge between NJ’s 5000 loyalist and the British Army

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59
Q

***What three things happened at the Battle of Princeton?

A

-400 british killed or taken prisoner
-only 40 continentals were lost
-Rebel General Hugh Mercer was bayoneted

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60
Q

***What happened at the Battle of New Jersey?

A

-boosted rebel morale
-led to the ban on black soldiers being lifted
-alienated the civilian population- Hessians seized food, cattle and the horses in the countryside, destroyed homes and churches

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61
Q

What did General Howe decide to seize

A

a major seaport, and surrounded the countryside and entice the continental army

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62
Q

What happened at the battle of Brandywine Creek

A

Howe defeated Washington, and again at Germantown, and took Philadelphia

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63
Q

What happened at the Battle of Saratoga

A

-one of the 15th decisive land battles in the world history
-first significant American victory
-Benedict Arnold puts British into New York
-Burgoyne had replaced Carleton and came south toward Albany, NY
-Burgoyne surrended his entire army

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64
Q

What was the result of the small civil war against loyalists and rebels

A

-murders
-torturing of prisoners
-assaults on women
-arson
-Gen. Clinton returned to New York City
-southern theater to Charles, Lord Cornwallis

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65
Q

***What was Marion known as

A

Swamp Fox

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66
Q

Who sprained their ankle during the war and then left

A

Francis Marion

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67
Q

Who was General Nathenial Greene

A

-the 2nd best general
-From Rhode island known as the fighting quaker
-he had 1,400 soldiers (poorly fed, poorly equipped, and poorly clothed
-fought three battles lost them all

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68
Q

Greene gave the miltalia protection to hunt down who?

A

loyalist

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69
Q

_______ inflicted heavy casualities on cornwallis men

A

Greene

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70
Q

What were the charcteristcs of the mitilas

A
  • 1 of the keys of american victory
    -amushed british supply trains
    -harrased bands of loyalist
    -made raids on british camps
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71
Q

Green divided his army and sent ____ troops with General Daniel Morgan to western south america

A

600

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72
Q

what was cornwallis deliemia

A

he needed to capture or defeat morgan and keep the countryside divided in terms of loyalties
-couldnt commit his entire army

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73
Q

cornwallis sent ___________ and _______ troops west to engage Morgan

A

General Banastre Tarleton
1,100

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74
Q

After losing Philadelphia, General Washington and ________ rebels set up camp where

A

11,000 and valley forge

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75
Q

Who cursed and barked orders through a translator and spoke no english

A

Freidrich von Steuben

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76
Q

After Saratoga who joined the patriot cause

A

the french

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77
Q

France and the untied states signed the

A

Treaty of Alliance

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78
Q

What did the French supply the rebels with

A

large sums of money
immese amounts of Equipment
about 1/2 of Americas regular armed forces
practically all of americas naval strengths

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79
Q

Howe resigned and was replaced by ____________

A

General Sir Henery Clinton

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80
Q

What was the Battle of Manmouth

A

a battle in new jersey retreating British got attacked by Washington, it was a draw but 1/3 of the hessians deserted

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81
Q

_____ were fairly populas and wealthy planters could not afford to turn their guns away from the slaves

A

Loyalist

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82
Q

The ____________ 3,500 Britsh Troops defeated on American force that included casmir pulaski

A

the seige of savvanah

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83
Q

a general who had from poland at the request of benjamin franklin

A

Casmir Pulaski

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84
Q

General Clinton took over himself in the south and won the surrender of ____________

A

charleston SC

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85
Q

Morgan defeated Tarleton at __________

A

the battle of cowpens

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86
Q

_____ and ____ joined forces and went north

A

Morgan and Greene

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87
Q

Greene lost the battle of ________ but inflicted havy losses on cornwallis

A

Guilford Courthouse

88
Q

who joined forces with Benedict Arnold at Yorktown

A

Cornwallis

89
Q

_____________ sailed north from west indies and informed washignton he was ready to join him in an assauly on cornwallis

A

Conte de Grasse

90
Q

where did did Marquis de lafayette join washingotn as did General mad anthony wayne

A

Battle of yorktown

91
Q

there were_____ British, _____ French,______ americans at the battle of yorktown

A

6,000
7,800
8,800

92
Q

Battle of york town was how long

A

3 weeks

93
Q

conrwallis surrneded at the ____________

A

battle of yorktown

94
Q

who replaced clinton and began evacuating america

A

carlton

95
Q

about _________ americans suffered war related death and represnted ____ percent of the entire poplation

A

25,000
1%

96
Q

what were the charecteristics of Washington

A

master motivator
patient
logical

97
Q

Who were the representives for the Peace of Paris

A

Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay

98
Q

Who was suspicious of French motivies and made a secret offering to the british

A

John Jay

99
Q

What were the outcomes of the peace treaty

A

-Brish recongnized American Independence
-Loyalist were to be compensated for property loss
-The United States recieved fishing rights off the Grand Banks of Canada
-The british were to return slaves who had been confiscated by thier troops

100
Q

**What were the results of the American Revloution

A

-3 modern nations
-The United States
-Canada- large number of loylaist
-Austria- covict dumping ground

101
Q

What become weakened because of the depature of the Loyalist

A

aristocratic

102
Q

social economic status became equal in the ____________

A

United states

103
Q

Because of The American Revolution what increased with an explosion in distilleries

A

Alchol consumptions

104
Q

What was founded because of the american revolution and what was ruined

A

Episcapol Church
Anglican Church

105
Q

By 1790 what was the poplulation

A

4 million (90%) rural

106
Q

What was the largets city because of the American Revolution

A

Philadelphia

107
Q

What was the Articles of Confederation

A

Nicknamed the Articles of confusion, It was meant to be a firm league of friendship, designed to be weak and the 13 independent states linked, each state had one vote.

108
Q

What had No power to regulate commerce

A

Americans First Constitution

109
Q

In the Articles of confederation there was no ___________ and no _____________

A

no president, no power to tax

110
Q

What had no federal courts

A

the articles of confederation

111
Q

What caused Shays rebellion

A

debt in massachusetts

112
Q

Who was a veteran of the revolutionary war and formed a group of armed men of 2000

A

Daniel Shay

113
Q

What was the main issue that insitgated the creation of the United Constituion was control of commerce

A

Mobocracy

114
Q

Who was the individual who sugessted the constitutioal convention in Philadelphia

A

Alexander Hamilton
(https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2FLin-Manuel-Miranda-Reflects-on-2020.jpg%3Fw%3D681%26h%3D383%26crop%3D1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2021%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Flin-manuel-miranda-social-media-1235048966%2F&tbnid=owZ-NLvZ2wy85M&vet=12ahUKEwiLv5all8T6AhVbsHIEHdttA-EQMygJegUIARDwAQ..i&docid=0kHM51YqPLp1NM&w=681&h=383&q=Lin-Manuel%20Miranda&hl=en-US&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwiLv5all8T6AhVbsHIEHdttA-EQMygJegUIARDwAQm ) click on it

115
Q

Who was the chariman

A

Washington

116
Q

** Who was the father of the constitution

A

James Madison

117
Q

At the Constuituonal convention every state choose _______ except Rhode island and there were ___ delegates

A

represnetatives, 55

118
Q

What were the motives of the constitutional conventions

A

-to from respected government
-to perserve the union
-to forestall anarchy
-protect agaisnt mobocracy

119
Q

What was the virginia Plan

A

a large state plan, the represntation in congress should be based on population

120
Q

What was the New jersey Plan

A

representation in congress should be equal, regardless of size and population
-U.S house of representatives was based on population
-Senate had equal reprensentation

121
Q

Who propsed the three branches of governement

A

Thomas Madison

122
Q

who could handle a crisis better and made the case for 1 person

A

James Wilson of pennsylvania

123
Q

Exports increased by _____ %

A

500

124
Q

What was the economic life

A

-incresed imports
-settlement in the west
-immigration
-huge amounts of foreign captial
-public efforts to encourage industry
-factories

125
Q

Who was the immigrant from England built a spinning mill at pawtucket, Rhode island

A

Samuel Slater

126
Q

Who was oliver Evans

A

automatic flour mill

127
Q

***Who was Eli Whitney

A

Yall educated, born inventor and invented the cotton gin on nathaniel greens widows plantation

128
Q

who invented a machine that made part of guns interchangable parts

A

Eli Whitney

129
Q

overseas transportation rose from _____ to nearly one million

A

125,000

130
Q

Who was the secretary of the treasury

A

Alaxander Hamilton

131
Q

What two things did alaxander hamilton believe in

A

micantilist theroy
political and productive systems were inextricably woven

132
Q

what was the fiscal plan

A

Federal Government cover debts incurred by the states “assumption”
house of representatives rejected this idea by 2 votes

133
Q

what was the fiscal plan

A

Federal Government cover debts incurred by the states “assumption”
house of representatives rejected this idea by 2 votes
suggested a central bank

134
Q

What did hamilton offer jefferson

A

In return for the shift in the nessesary votes on the debts he promised jefferson the capitial of the U.S would be Philadelphia for 10 years, the would be shifted

135
Q

Who was Pieere Charles L’ Enfant

A

a French artifact and engineer who was a revolutionary War veteran to draw up plans for the new capitol

136
Q

***What did the federalist party sough to pattern the new capital after

A

Ancient Rome

137
Q

What was the major issue in foreign affairs at this time

A

the French Revolution

138
Q

What was the treaty of alliance

A

promised to protect French colonist in the West indies if attacked by the British

139
Q

Who favored an alliance with england because of the trade concerns

A

Hamilton

140
Q

Who favored a neutraility proclamtion

A

Washington

141
Q

who wanted no U.S involvment but also wanted no neutrality proclamation

A

Jefferson

142
Q

______ replaces Johh Jay and resigned as Sec of state

A

thomas jefferson

143
Q

what was jays treaty

A

the british would evacuate forts pay damnages for seziures of ships

144
Q

How did political parties begin

A

over fiscal policy and foreign affairs

145
Q

What country had the highest literacy rate

A

The U.S

146
Q

The _______________ became the 1st nation on earth to estblish truly popular parties

A

United States

147
Q

What did Hamiltons Federlist believe

A
  • advocated rule of the best people
    -gov by the upper class
    -the ones who own the country should govern it
    -distrusted democratic tendencies
    -societys needs are more important than the individuals
    -pro-british
148
Q

what did jeffeson belive in

A

-demanded weak central government “state rights”
the best government is the one that governs the least
-the treasury would corrupt congress
-army would enslave people
-individualism
-strict constitution
-pro french

149
Q

who were the supports of federalsit

A

new england businessmen

150
Q

who were supporters of the democratic republicans

A

farmers
immigrants
southerners
southwesterners

151
Q

Who changed sides from being with great britian and France becuase of religion

A

spain

152
Q

who did washington send to gain control of flordia and the missisippi

A

the negiotiater thomas pinckley

153
Q

What treaty recognized the right of americans to naviagte the missisissipi to its mouth and deposit goods at New Orleans.

A

pincknelys treaty

154
Q

__________ was an unqualified diplomatic triumph for the United States

A

Pinckeys treaty

155
Q

News papers were __________,____________

A

liberlous and irresponsible

156
Q

who won most electoral votes and was head of the federalist party

A

Adams

157
Q

who said “liberty is safe only if power is diffused amoung virtous, independent citizens”

A

Thomas jefferson

158
Q

who captured american ships on the high sea

A

France

159
Q

who did adams send to france

A

C.C pinckey
John Marshall
Elbridge Gerry

160
Q

The American representatives refused and the news became public what did this become known as

A

XYZ affairs

161
Q

________ was where adams cut off trade with france

A

the undeclared war

162
Q

who led the Naturalzation Act

A
  • a group of irishmen
163
Q

the bestowal of citizenship extended ___ to ____ years

A

5,14

164
Q

What was the Alien Act

A

gave the president power to expel any foreigner he wish a simple executive decree

165
Q

what was the sedition act

A

made criminal any publication or speech that showed intent to defame or bring dispute either the president or the congress

166
Q

The sedition act caused _____ men arrested ___ convicted

A

25,10

167
Q

federalist favored what

A

war

168
Q

______ negotiated a peace treaty with france

A

adams

169
Q

who was incharge of the indian war

A

General Anthony Wayne

170
Q

___________- was reoragnized, instilled discipline, revised training.

A

General Anthony Wayne

171
Q

congress authorized what during the indian war

A

coast and harbor ports
corps of engineers
arsenals

172
Q

who 2 federalist were pro military

A

washington and hamilton

173
Q

who signed the bill creating the united states military academy

A

jefferson

174
Q

who conceived the idea of creating an empire in the New World

A

napoleon

175
Q

what was the treaty of San indefonso

A

napoleon traded an Italian principality of louisanna

176
Q

***who did jefferson send to purchase new orleans

A

Robert Livingston, James Monroe

177
Q

what did jefferson need Louisnanna for?

A

the need for western land to expand his ararian society

178
Q

how much was lousianna purchased for

A

15million

179
Q

how much did lousianna add to the U.S

A

830,000

180
Q

what paved the way for the growth of the U.S as a great contential power

A

The Louisiana Purchase

181
Q

the lousianna purchased benifited america and _____ trade

A

doubled

182
Q

the ________ and __________ passed acts designed to resirict american trade

A

England and France

183
Q

Great Britain blocked Europe and began seizing American ships. how many? and france seized how many

A

around 500
around 300

184
Q

___________ refused to recognize the right of its people to emigrate and become american citizens

A

british

185
Q

What was the Chesapeake and Leopard Affair

A

The ship (leopard) stopped the American frigate Chesapeake
the commander made 4 American seamen surender
the British opened fire and killed 3 americans

186
Q

who started Impressments

A

Britsh

187
Q

What did Jefferson offer to uphold America Neutral were killed.

A

economic corecion

188
Q

What was the Embarago Act

A

-barred American vessels from European ports
-thought it would force Britain and France to modify restrictions on the U.S commerce

189
Q

Why did the Embargo Act fail

A

France was not very dependent on American Trade
The British increased their trade with other European countries

190
Q

The Embargo Act was a disaster because american exports plunged from _____million to ___ million

A

108
22

191
Q

_________ wanted a sucession from the us because of the Embargo Act

A

Federalist

192
Q

What was the Non-intercourse Act

A

the non-intercourse act replaced the embargo act
it re-opened trade with all nations except England and France

193
Q

What was the war of 1812 (Battle of Detroit)

A

Battle of Detroit
-America thought it would be an easy victory
-General William Hull faced British General Issac Brock and Tecumseh
-the americans lost the battle at fort dearborn

194
Q

What was the war where British had a good advantage , but the American did and they won 200 battles

A

War at sea

195
Q

What did American ships have that the British didnt in the War at sea

A

The American ships were heavier and faster

196
Q

What three ships were important at the War at sea

A

-the constitution
-the united states
-the president

197
Q

Who won the succession at the war at sea

A

Ameria

198
Q

The constitution defeated what two ships

A

-British ship Guerriere (gulf of the st Lawerence River)
-Java

199
Q

What did the ship the United states defeat

A

macedonian

200
Q

U.s commodore Oliver Hazard perry defeated a British force under commodore at what battle

A

battle of lake erie

201
Q

Who gained control of Lake Erie?

A

Robert Barclay

202
Q

Who said “We have met the enemy and they are ours”

A

Perry

203
Q

_____ won the battle of Thames River

A

Harrison

204
Q

who was killed at the battle of lake erie

A

Tecumseh

205
Q

What was the turning point of the war

A

-Napoleon was suffering major setbacks
-3 invasions against Niagara, New York, New Orleans
-British attacked Chesapeake
-The British attacked and burned Washington DC

206
Q

After the British burned Washington the Britain attempted take ___________

A

Baltimore

207
Q

_________ General Jacob Brown and Winfield Scott, Americans took fort Erie

A

Battle of Chippewa

208
Q

What was the Battle of Lundys Lane

A

-the final battle at the Canadian border
-a two day stalemate that caused British to shift their attention to New york and New Orleans

209
Q

What was the Battle of PlattsBurgh Bay

A

-General George Provost confronted American General Alexander
-British Captain George Downie sent a fleet against American Commander Thomas Macdonough
-An American victory

210
Q

What was the last battle of the war of 1812

A

Battle of New Orleans

211
Q

General Andrew Jackson crushed who at the battle of new orelans

A

Sir Edward Packenham

212
Q

The battle of New Orleans was the worst British loss in history why?

A

-73 americans killed
-2000 british killed

213
Q

what treaty ended the war of 1812

A

Treaty Ghent

214
Q

Who fought the Revolutionary War at the age of 13 and captured and beaten by the british

A

Andrew jackson

215
Q

Andrew Jackson was the lifelong what

A

anglophobe

216
Q

who engaged in several duels

A

Andrew Jackson

217
Q

What were the gains of the War of 1812 for the United States

A

-economic independence
-acceptance as a member of a family of nations
-representative democracy was here to stay
-no country tried to force the U.S into subsidiary place
-exuberant patriotism

History (1 decks)

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