The Revolutionary War Flashcards
1
Q
**Who was the British commander in chief in North America and governor of Massachusetts
A
Thomas Gage
2
Q
Who was ordered to resort royal authority
A
Thomas Gage
3
Q
Gage decided to seize colonial mutations where?
A
Concord
4
Q
Who did Gage order to be arrested
A
Samual Adams and John Hancock
5
Q
Samuel Adams and John Hancock where what?
A
Sons of Liberty- (group of patriotic societies)
6
Q
Adams Presided over the ______________ that preceded the Boston Tea Party
A
Mass Meeting
7
Q
***At the end of the battle at Lexington and Concord how many soldiers were killed?
A
273
8
Q
The Second Continental Congress
In Philadelphia,_____ authorized the creation of the Continental Army and paper money
A
June
9
Q
The Second Continental Congress
In Philadelphia ________ drew up the olive branch petition
A
July
10
Q
The Second Continental Congress
____________ affirmed American Loyalty to George III
A
philadelphia
11
Q
Philadelphia asked ___________ to reject the policies of his minsters
A
George lll
12
Q
At the Second Continental Congress the ______ refused to receive the Olive Branch Petition
A
British
13
Q
***What 3 things come with Lord German Germain
A
-military leader
-opposed to repeal the Stamp Act
-Vague and poor strategic decisions
14
Q
Who nominated George Washington to be the commander and chief of the Continental Army?
A
John Adams
15
Q
The British sent Gage 3 generals who were they?
A
John Burgoyne, Sir Henry Clinton, and Sir William Howe
16
Q
The British were ________,________, a _________, __________,________,__________,_________
A
-well equipped
-well trained
-ably led
-well disciplined
-finest infantry in the world
-muzzle loading musket
-confident
-suspicious of the abilities of the colonist
17
Q
***The Second Congenital Congress mobilized an army of how many?
A
95,000-110,000
18
Q
The Second Congenital Congress only sent ______ to the colonies, including _______ German mercenaries the colonist called Hessions.
A
50,000
30,000
19
Q
the soldiers got paid how much a day?
A
25 cents
20
Q
many switch sides and stayed where after the war
A
U.S
21
Q
how many loyalist where in the colonies
A
500,000
22
Q
what did tories believe in?
A
separation from Britain was an illegal act
23
Q
only _______ loyalist fought with the British
A
20,000
24
Q
what were the strongholds In the second congenital congress (three N’s)
A
New York, New Jersey, Penn
25
What was the Prohibitory Act
authorized a naval blockade of the colonies
26
The British called a quick _____ that would overrun New England and cut it off from the other colonies
Strike
27
The British planned to do what?
seize the naval bases in Rhode Island and New York so they could command the Atlantic Coast with their sea power
28
***What do these characteristics describe
-ill fed
-ill clothed
-ill trained at first
Continental Army
29
Who became a president and commander and chief at this time period (June 17th, 1775)
George Washington
30
Who are Washington's principle commanders
-Benedict Arnold, Horatio Gates, Nathaniel Greene, Henry Knox, The Marquis de Lafayette, Charles Lee, Casimir Pulaski, Fredrich Von Steuben
31
What began to be formed prior to the Revolutionary War
Militas
32
_______- were ready in a MINUTE notice, prominent in Massachusetts***
Minutemen
33
The Continental Army usually fought _______
European style
(2 ranks instead of 3)
34
What is the Patriot strategy
-Defensive
-Planned to fight the British strong Fortifications
35
_____- Rebel/ Patriot Victory
Fort Ticonderoga
36
Who 2 people captured Fort Ticonderoga
Ethan Allen
Benedict Arnold
37
At the Battle of Bunker at Bunker Hill Gage decided to do what
Attack Dorchester Heights
38
What did William Prescott say?
don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes
39
The colonials had ___ casualties, ___ killed, and ____ casualty rate
450
1/3
30%
40
Who was Gage replaced by
General William Howe
41
The British Strategy changed somewhat under who?
Howe and Lord Germain
42
Howe and Lord Germain decided to do what ______________________ and crush the ______________
capture major cities
Continental forces in a major
43
What was the 1st target
New York City
44
Why was New York City the 1st target
-Central location
-Loyalist population
-Finical importance
45
What was the British's plan
-move from New York City to meet General Sir Guy Charletons troops
-cut off England or engage in Washington in the battle
46
What was the Battle of Long Island
a British victory 23,000 contentintals/minutemen- marched from Boston to Brooklyn Heights on Long Island, British 32,000
47
What were the consequences due to The Battle of Long Island
-Colonist were pushed back to Manhattan then escaped to Westchester County
- Washington was almost captured
-Howes indecisiveness hurt the British effort
-difficulty in supplying the army
-finical problems
48
What was the Style of Warfare at this time?
-European Style
-expert movements of mass formations
-rapid maneuvers designed to crush an enemy
-"bullets then bayonets"
-muskets had a range of less than 100 yards
-battles usually occurred in open country
49
Who was Nathan Hale
-1st spy
-yale teacher
-captain in a group known as the Rangers
-in the New York area to repel the British
50
Who tricked Hale into thinking he was a spy for the Americans
Colonial Robert Rogers
51
Robert Rogers got hanged upon who's orders
General Howe
52
Howe Chases Washington where
New Jersey
53
Washington cross the ____________ river In Pennsylvania
Delaware River
54
Howe pulled his army into _________ for the winter
New York City
55
Who left the Hessians to hold the British line of advance
Howe
56
At the Battle of Trenton Washington ______ hessians and over __ contentients were killed
1000, 4
57
Washington had ________ men
18,000
58
***Battle of Trenton did what 2 things
-boosted civilian and military morale
-drove a wedge between NJ's 5000 loyalist and the British Army
59
***What three things happened at the Battle of Princeton?
-400 british killed or taken prisoner
-only 40 continentals were lost
-Rebel General Hugh Mercer was bayoneted
60
***What happened at the Battle of New Jersey?
-boosted rebel morale
-led to the ban on black soldiers being lifted
-alienated the civilian population- Hessians seized food, cattle and the horses in the countryside, destroyed homes and churches
61
What did General Howe decide to seize
a major seaport, and surrounded the countryside and entice the continental army
62
What happened at the battle of Brandywine Creek
Howe defeated Washington, and again at Germantown, and took Philadelphia
63
What happened at the Battle of Saratoga
-one of the 15th decisive land battles in the world history
-first significant American victory
-Benedict Arnold puts British into New York
-Burgoyne had replaced Carleton and came south toward Albany, NY
-Burgoyne surrended his entire army
64
What was the result of the small civil war against loyalists and rebels
-murders
-torturing of prisoners
-assaults on women
-arson
-Gen. Clinton returned to New York City
-southern theater to Charles, Lord Cornwallis
65
***What was Marion known as
Swamp Fox
66
Who sprained their ankle during the war and then left
Francis Marion
67
Who was General Nathenial Greene
-the 2nd best general
-From Rhode island known as the fighting quaker
-he had 1,400 soldiers (poorly fed, poorly equipped, and poorly clothed
-fought three battles lost them all
68
Greene gave the miltalia protection to hunt down who?
loyalist
69
_______ inflicted heavy casualities on cornwallis men
Greene
70
What were the charcteristcs of the mitilas
- 1 of the keys of american victory
-amushed british supply trains
-harrased bands of loyalist
-made raids on british camps
71
Green divided his army and sent ____ troops with General Daniel Morgan to western south america
600
72
what was cornwallis deliemia
he needed to capture or defeat morgan and keep the countryside divided in terms of loyalties
-couldnt commit his entire army
73
cornwallis sent ___________ and _______ troops west to engage Morgan
General Banastre Tarleton
1,100
74
After losing Philadelphia, General Washington and ________ rebels set up camp where
11,000 and valley forge
75
Who cursed and barked orders through a translator and spoke no english
Freidrich von Steuben
76
After Saratoga who joined the patriot cause
the french
77
France and the untied states signed the
Treaty of Alliance
78
What did the French supply the rebels with
large sums of money
immese amounts of Equipment
about 1/2 of Americas regular armed forces
practically all of americas naval strengths
79
Howe resigned and was replaced by ____________
General Sir Henery Clinton
80
What was the Battle of Manmouth
a battle in new jersey retreating British got attacked by Washington, it was a draw but 1/3 of the hessians deserted
81
_____ were fairly populas and wealthy planters could not afford to turn their guns away from the slaves
Loyalist
82
The ____________ 3,500 Britsh Troops defeated on American force that included casmir pulaski
the seige of savvanah
83
a general who had from poland at the request of benjamin franklin
Casmir Pulaski
84
General Clinton took over himself in the south and won the surrender of ____________
charleston SC
85
Morgan defeated Tarleton at __________
the battle of cowpens
86
_____ and ____ joined forces and went north
Morgan and Greene
87
Greene lost the battle of ________ but inflicted havy losses on cornwallis
Guilford Courthouse
88
who joined forces with Benedict Arnold at Yorktown
Cornwallis
89
_____________ sailed north from west indies and informed washignton he was ready to join him in an assauly on cornwallis
Conte de Grasse
90
where did did Marquis de lafayette join washingotn as did General mad anthony wayne
Battle of yorktown
91
there were_____ British, _____ French,______ americans at the battle of yorktown
6,000
7,800
8,800
92
Battle of york town was how long
3 weeks
93
conrwallis surrneded at the ____________
battle of yorktown
94
who replaced clinton and began evacuating america
carlton
95
about _________ americans suffered war related death and represnted ____ percent of the entire poplation
25,000
1%
96
what were the charecteristics of Washington
master motivator
patient
logical
97
Who were the representives for the Peace of Paris
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay
98
Who was suspicious of French motivies and made a secret offering to the british
John Jay
99
What were the outcomes of the peace treaty
-Brish recongnized American Independence
-Loyalist were to be compensated for property loss
-The United States recieved fishing rights off the Grand Banks of Canada
-The british were to return slaves who had been confiscated by thier troops
100
****What were the results of the American Revloution
-3 modern nations
-The United States
-Canada- large number of loylaist
-Austria- covict dumping ground
101
What become weakened because of the depature of the Loyalist
aristocratic
102
social economic status became equal in the ____________
United states
103
Because of The American Revolution what increased with an explosion in distilleries
Alchol consumptions
104
What was founded because of the american revolution and what was ruined
Episcapol Church
Anglican Church
105
By 1790 what was the poplulation
4 million (90%) rural
106
What was the largets city because of the American Revolution
Philadelphia
107
What was the Articles of Confederation
Nicknamed the Articles of confusion, It was meant to be a firm league of friendship, designed to be weak and the 13 independent states linked, each state had one vote.
108
What had No power to regulate commerce
Americans First Constitution
109
In the Articles of confederation there was no ___________ and no _____________
no president, no power to tax
110
What had no federal courts
the articles of confederation
111
What caused Shays rebellion
debt in massachusetts
112
Who was a veteran of the revolutionary war and formed a group of armed men of 2000
Daniel Shay
113
What was the main issue that insitgated the creation of the United Constituion was control of commerce
Mobocracy
114
Who was the individual who sugessted the constitutioal convention in Philadelphia
Alexander Hamilton
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115
Who was the chariman
Washington
116
**** Who was the father of the constitution
James Madison
117
At the Constuituonal convention every state choose _______ except Rhode island and there were ___ delegates
represnetatives, 55
118
What were the motives of the constitutional conventions
-to from respected government
-to perserve the union
-to forestall anarchy
-protect agaisnt mobocracy
119
What was the virginia Plan
a large state plan, the represntation in congress should be based on population
120
What was the New jersey Plan
representation in congress should be equal, regardless of size and population
-U.S house of representatives was based on population
-Senate had equal reprensentation
121
Who propsed the three branches of governement
Thomas Madison
122
who could handle a crisis better and made the case for 1 person
James Wilson of pennsylvania
123
Exports increased by _____ %
500
124
What was the economic life
-incresed imports
-settlement in the west
-immigration
-huge amounts of foreign captial
-public efforts to encourage industry
-factories
125
Who was the immigrant from England built a spinning mill at pawtucket, Rhode island
Samuel Slater
126
Who was oliver Evans
automatic flour mill
127
***Who was Eli Whitney
Yall educated, born inventor and invented the cotton gin on nathaniel greens widows plantation
128
who invented a machine that made part of guns interchangable parts
Eli Whitney
129
overseas transportation rose from _____ to nearly one million
125,000
130
Who was the secretary of the treasury
Alaxander Hamilton
131
What two things did alaxander hamilton believe in
micantilist theroy
political and productive systems were inextricably woven
132
what was the fiscal plan
Federal Government cover debts incurred by the states "assumption"
house of representatives rejected this idea by 2 votes
133
what was the fiscal plan
Federal Government cover debts incurred by the states "assumption"
house of representatives rejected this idea by 2 votes
suggested a central bank
134
What did hamilton offer jefferson
In return for the shift in the nessesary votes on the debts he promised jefferson the capitial of the U.S would be Philadelphia for 10 years, the would be shifted
135
Who was Pieere Charles L' Enfant
a French artifact and engineer who was a revolutionary War veteran to draw up plans for the new capitol
136
***What did the federalist party sough to pattern the new capital after
Ancient Rome
137
What was the major issue in foreign affairs at this time
the French Revolution
138
What was the treaty of alliance
promised to protect French colonist in the West indies if attacked by the British
139
Who favored an alliance with england because of the trade concerns
Hamilton
140
Who favored a neutraility proclamtion
Washington
141
who wanted no U.S involvment but also wanted no neutrality proclamation
Jefferson
142
______ replaces Johh Jay and resigned as Sec of state
thomas jefferson
143
what was jays treaty
the british would evacuate forts pay damnages for seziures of ships
144
How did political parties begin
over fiscal policy and foreign affairs
145
What country had the highest literacy rate
The U.S
146
The _______________ became the 1st nation on earth to estblish truly popular parties
United States
147
What did Hamiltons Federlist believe
- advocated rule of the best people
-gov by the upper class
-the ones who own the country should govern it
-distrusted democratic tendencies
-societys needs are more important than the individuals
-pro-british
148
what did jeffeson belive in
-demanded weak central government "state rights"
the best government is the one that governs the least
-the treasury would corrupt congress
-army would enslave people
-individualism
-strict constitution
-pro french
149
who were the supports of federalsit
new england businessmen
150
who were supporters of the democratic republicans
farmers
immigrants
southerners
southwesterners
151
Who changed sides from being with great britian and France becuase of religion
spain
152
who did washington send to gain control of flordia and the missisippi
the negiotiater thomas pinckley
153
What treaty recognized the right of americans to naviagte the missisissipi to its mouth and deposit goods at New Orleans.
pincknelys treaty
154
__________ was an unqualified diplomatic triumph for the United States
Pinckeys treaty
155
News papers were __________,____________
liberlous and irresponsible
156
who won most electoral votes and was head of the federalist party
Adams
157
who said "liberty is safe only if power is diffused amoung virtous, independent citizens"
Thomas jefferson
158
who captured american ships on the high sea
France
159
who did adams send to france
C.C pinckey
John Marshall
Elbridge Gerry
160
The American representatives refused and the news became public what did this become known as
XYZ affairs
161
________ was where adams cut off trade with france
the undeclared war
162
who led the Naturalzation Act
- a group of irishmen
163
the bestowal of citizenship extended ___ to ____ years
5,14
164
What was the Alien Act
gave the president power to expel any foreigner he wish a simple executive decree
165
what was the sedition act
made criminal any publication or speech that showed intent to defame or bring dispute either the president or the congress
166
The sedition act caused _____ men arrested ___ convicted
25,10
167
federalist favored what
war
168
______ negotiated a peace treaty with france
adams
169
who was incharge of the indian war
General Anthony Wayne
170
___________- was reoragnized, instilled discipline, revised training.
General Anthony Wayne
171
congress authorized what during the indian war
coast and harbor ports
corps of engineers
arsenals
172
who 2 federalist were pro military
washington and hamilton
173
who signed the bill creating the united states military academy
jefferson
174
who conceived the idea of creating an empire in the New World
napoleon
175
what was the treaty of San indefonso
napoleon traded an Italian principality of louisanna
176
***who did jefferson send to purchase new orleans
Robert Livingston, James Monroe
177
what did jefferson need Louisnanna for?
the need for western land to expand his ararian society
178
how much was lousianna purchased for
15million
179
how much did lousianna add to the U.S
830,000
180
what paved the way for the growth of the U.S as a great contential power
The Louisiana Purchase
181
the lousianna purchased benifited america and _____ trade
doubled
182
the ________ and __________ passed acts designed to resirict american trade
England and France
183
Great Britain blocked Europe and began seizing American ships. how many? and france seized how many
around 500
around 300
184
___________ refused to recognize the right of its people to emigrate and become american citizens
british
185
What was the Chesapeake and Leopard Affair
The ship (leopard) stopped the American frigate Chesapeake
the commander made 4 American seamen surender
the British opened fire and killed 3 americans
186
who started Impressments
Britsh
187
What did Jefferson offer to uphold America Neutral were killed.
economic corecion
188
What was the Embarago Act
-barred American vessels from European ports
-thought it would force Britain and France to modify restrictions on the U.S commerce
189
Why did the Embargo Act fail
France was not very dependent on American Trade
The British increased their trade with other European countries
190
The Embargo Act was a disaster because american exports plunged from _____million to ___ million
108
22
191
_________ wanted a sucession from the us because of the Embargo Act
Federalist
192
What was the Non-intercourse Act
the non-intercourse act replaced the embargo act
it re-opened trade with all nations except England and France
193
What was the war of 1812 (Battle of Detroit)
Battle of Detroit
-America thought it would be an easy victory
-General William Hull faced British General Issac Brock and Tecumseh
-the americans lost the battle at fort dearborn
194
What was the war where British had a good advantage , but the American did and they won 200 battles
War at sea
195
What did American ships have that the British didnt in the War at sea
The American ships were heavier and faster
196
What three ships were important at the War at sea
-the constitution
-the united states
-the president
197
Who won the succession at the war at sea
Ameria
198
The constitution defeated what two ships
-British ship Guerriere (gulf of the st Lawerence River)
-Java
199
What did the ship the United states defeat
macedonian
200
U.s commodore Oliver Hazard perry defeated a British force under commodore at what battle
battle of lake erie
201
Who gained control of Lake Erie?
Robert Barclay
202
Who said "We have met the enemy and they are ours"
Perry
203
_____ won the battle of Thames River
Harrison
204
who was killed at the battle of lake erie
Tecumseh
205
What was the turning point of the war
-Napoleon was suffering major setbacks
-3 invasions against Niagara, New York, New Orleans
-British attacked Chesapeake
-The British attacked and burned Washington DC
206
After the British burned Washington the Britain attempted take ___________
Baltimore
207
_________ General Jacob Brown and Winfield Scott, Americans took fort Erie
Battle of Chippewa
208
What was the Battle of Lundys Lane
-the final battle at the Canadian border
-a two day stalemate that caused British to shift their attention to New york and New Orleans
209
What was the Battle of PlattsBurgh Bay
-General George Provost confronted American General Alexander
-British Captain George Downie sent a fleet against American Commander Thomas Macdonough
-An American victory
210
What was the last battle of the war of 1812
Battle of New Orleans
211
General Andrew Jackson crushed who at the battle of new orelans
Sir Edward Packenham
212
The battle of New Orleans was the worst British loss in history why?
-73 americans killed
-2000 british killed
213
what treaty ended the war of 1812
Treaty Ghent
214
Who fought the Revolutionary War at the age of 13 and captured and beaten by the british
Andrew jackson
215
Andrew Jackson was the lifelong what
anglophobe
216
who engaged in several duels
Andrew Jackson
217
What were the gains of the War of 1812 for the United States
-economic independence
-acceptance as a member of a family of nations
-representative democracy was here to stay
-no country tried to force the U.S into subsidiary place
-exuberant patriotism
