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Edexcel History A-Level (Paper 3, Option 35.1: Britain: losing and gaining an empire, 1763–1914)- Key Topic 3/ Learning from past mistakes: Canada and the Durham Report, 1837–40 > The revolts of 1837–38 > Flashcards

The revolts of 1837–38 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Canada Committee’s report published which was used to study the underlying grievances in the Canadas?

A

1829

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2
Q

What were the conclusions of the Canada Committee’s report?

A

It upheld the complaints of the two respective legislative assemblies but provided no means for change.

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3
Q

When was the Horwick Act?

A

1831

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4
Q

What did the Horwick Act do?

A

Transferred revenue duties from Canadian goods to the control of local assemblies. (Britain expected in return the agreement of the Civil List, the payment of government officials)

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5
Q

Who organised the rebellion in Upper Canada in 1837?

A

William Lyon Mackenzie

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6
Q

From which country did William Lyon Mackenzie take inspiration regarding how the country should be run?

A

America

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7
Q

Where was Robert Baldwin in 1837 protesting against his removal from Upper Canada’s executive council?

A

London

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8
Q

From which country were immigrants seen to be of great concern for Upper Canada?

A

Irish immigrants

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9
Q

What scheme was setup to provide aid to poor immigrants in Upper Canada?

A

Ops Township Scheme (reformers rejected scheme due to lack of consultation, Family Compact didn’t like the idea of a changing status quo)

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10
Q

Who was the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada between 1828-1835?

A

Sir John Colbourne

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11
Q

Who was the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada between 1835-1838?

A

Sir Francis Bond Head

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12
Q

What controversy did Sir John Colbourne cause?

A

Used tax revenues for salaries, preparatory school (not university), and the allocation of income from clergy reserves to 44 Anglican parishes

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13
Q

What controversy did Sir Francis Bond Head cause?

A

He added and later removed moderates from the Executive Council causing the 1836 election.

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14
Q

What controversy did Sir Francis Bond Head cause in the 1836 elections?

A

He campaigned when usually Lieutenant Governors wouldn’t.

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15
Q

What was the result of the 1836 election?

A

Victory for Sir Francis Head in removing reformers from the legislative assembly.

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16
Q

What laws were passed as a result of the removal of reformers in the 1836 election?

A

Extending the session of the Legislative (expected elections after Monarch’s death won’t be carried out); no members of the legislature could be executive councillors

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17
Q

When did William Lyon Mackenzie begin his revolt in Upper Canada?

A

December 1837

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18
Q

How many men gathered in Toronto with the aim of attacking Family Compact property?

A

1,000 men (most of American origin)

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19
Q

When did the Upper Canada revolution march south on Yonge Street?

A

5 December 1837

20
Q

Where did William Lyon Mackenzie flee to and declare a provisional state?

A

Navy Island in the Niagara River (600 joined him in the promise of 300 acres each)

21
Q

When did Mackenzie flee the island?

A

13 January 1838 (captured by US military)

22
Q

Who was the leader of the Patriot Party in Lower Canada?

A

Louis-Joseph Papineau

23
Q

When were the 92 resolutions published by the patriotes?

A

February 1834

24
Q

When were there cholera epidemics in Upper Canada?

A

1832 and 1834

25
Q

When was there a financial crisis in America that affected Upper Canada?

A

1837

26
Q

How many men were shot by the military in Lower Canada’s 1832 election?

A

2

27
Q

What was the main economic problem for Lower Canada in the years leading up to the revolt?

A

Payment of government officials

28
Q

Who led the Commission of Inquiry in Canada in 1835?

A

Lord Gosford

29
Q

What were the Russell Resolutions?

A

Resolution passed by the House of Commons (6 March 1837) relating to the political demands of Lower Canada

30
Q

What did the Russell Resolutions do?

A

Reject the 92 Resolutions of the Patriot Party and allow the allocation of funds by the Governor without approval.

31
Q

How much was supposedly owed to the British Government by Lower Canada?

A

£142, 160

32
Q

When did the banks of Lower Canada close their doors?

A

18 May 1838

33
Q

When was the paramilitary group Société de Fils de la Liberté formed?

A

September-October 1837

34
Q

When did Wolfed Nelson become the new voice of the patriotes?

A

October 1837 (at the Six Counties meeting at St. Charles)

35
Q

When did British cavalry and patriote militia exchange shots in Montreal?

A

10 November 1837

36
Q

When did Lord Gosford issue warrants for the arrest of Patriote leaders?

A

16 November 1837

37
Q

Where was there a surprise victory for the Patriote forces in November 1837?

A

St Denis

38
Q

When did British General Wetherall defeat patriote forces at St. Charles?

A

25 November 1837

39
Q

When did British General Wetherall enter Montreal with 30 prisoners from St. Charles?

A

29 November 1837

40
Q

When was Martial law declared in Lower Canada?

A

5 December 1837

41
Q

When were 100 patriotes shot after fleeing a burning church in St Eustache?

A

14 December 1837 (British later burnt houses of known patriotes)

42
Q

When was Lord Gosford able to gain control of Lower Canada once again?

A

December 1837- January 1838

43
Q

When did Lord Durham depart Canada?

A

November 1838

44
Q

How many patriotes were in the jails in Montreal?

A

500 (13,000 rebels involved; 1,000 in Toronto and 1,000 in Montreal)

45
Q

When was the act that suspended the 1791 Constitution of Lower Canada passed by the British?

A

10 February 1838

46
Q

When was martial revoked by Lord Gosford in Montreal?

A

27 April 1838

Edexcel History A-Level (Paper 3, Option 35.1: Britain: losing and gaining an empire, 1763–1914)- Key Topic 3/ Learning from past mistakes: Canada and the Durham Report, 1837–40 (3 decks)

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