The Revolt of the Northern Earls and the Extent of Threat to Elizabeth Flashcards
What did Westmoreland and Northumberland do and why did they do it?
Planned a rising because they were confident that Norfolk would rebel but they abandoned their plans once they heard that Norfolk surrendered
Why was the Earl of Sussex in a difficult position once rumours of a rising emerged?
Because he was friends with Norfolk who was now a disgrace, was worried that Elizabeth would question his loyalties
How did Sussex prove his loyalty to Elizabeth?
He decided to call Westmoreland and Northumberland into questionning, they claimed they were innocent, Sussex still remained cautious
What did Elizabeth do against the advice of Sussex after suspicians of Northumberland and Westmoreland?
She ordered them to come to court in London, Sussex thought this would provoke a revolt
How did the Earls respond to being called to London?
They feated what would happen if they went so they rebelled, they gained support while beginning to mass at Brancepeth Castle in county Durham
Who gathered at Brancepeth Castle as well as the rebels?
Loyal gentry under the leadership of Sir George Bowes
What did the rebels do at Brancepeth Castle?
They marched to Durham Cathedral to gain Yorkshire support where they celebrated Catholic mass and destroyed all signs of protestantism and then returned to Brancepeth
What did rebels say in their proclamations at the castle and what did they do?
They described themselves as loyal subjects, marched to Bramham Moor - a strategic junction, a road that joined York to other towns and also linked London to the North
Why did being at Bramham Moor pose a threat to the government?
Control of this junction meant they were a threat to York, an important centre of Northern gov, blocking gov troops from marching to or from London, could have rescued Mary
How well equipped were rebels by late November?
3800 foot soldiers, 1600 horsemen - well equipped, Earl of Sussex only had 400 horsemen and 1500 footmen
Why did Sussex stop communicating with London?
He thought rebels may intercept but eventually Lord Hundson got a letter to cecil saying rebels were advancing South and that they should move Mary
How did the luck of the gov change on 24 November?
Decided to move to Brancepeth, due to rumours of royal army heading South and Mary being moved, Mary was moved to Tutbury
How did rebels respond to the gov moving Mary?
They realised they couldn’t march South due to lack of support because the Earls weren’t well known in the South
Which Earl remained loyal?
Earl of Derby, presented support in Cheshire and Lancashire
What did rebels do after turning back from marching to Bramham Moor?
They besieged Barnard Castle in country Durham, other rebels marched East to capture the Port of Hartlepool, rebels thought Spain would support but they didn’t
Where did the royal army reach on the 16 Dec?
Royal army reached the river Tees but rebel earls had disbanded their army and fled
What happened on the 19 Dec?
Sir John Forster challenged rebels in Hexham - brief conflict, Northumberland fled to Scotland but laned in the pro English Earl of Moray regent
What happened to Northumberland and Westmoreland at the end of the rebellion?
1572 - Northumberland returned to England and beheaded in York
Westmoreland escaped and remained in excile
What did Lord Dacre do?
Professed loyalty to Elizabeth but was setting up his own army and was in correspondance with Mary, gathered forces of 3000 men
What happened to Dacre on 15 Feb?
Arrested, Dacre battled Lord Hundson, 500 rebels killed or captured, Dacre escaped to Scotland and remained in excile
Why could Durham be easily captured?
Important adminstrative centre for the North but not heavily fortified
What had the Bishop of Durham done in Durham do?
Upset Catholic gentry, 794 rebels in the rising were from Durham, destruction of the banner reflecting local Saint Cuthbert caused Catholic resentment, attack on their beliefs
What happened to the Council of the North in 1572?
Reorganised, Durham was now under direct council control
What happend when Barnard Castle was seiged in Dec 1569?
- Very alarming, it guarded the river Tees, crown property, looked after by George Bowes, rallying point for those loyal to Elizabeth
- 5000 rebels seiged it, loyals close to starvation, 226 lept over walls, 150 loyals turned to Bowes and let rebels in
