The Restless Earth

Question 1

What is the structure of the earth?

Answer 1

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Question 2

What is a plate?

Answer 2

A section of the earth’s crust

Question 3

What is a plate margin?

Answer 3

The boundary where two plates meet

Question 4

What is the mantle?

Answer 4

The dense, mostly solid layer between the outer core and the crust

Question 5

What are convection currents?

Answer 5

The circular currents of heat in the mantle

Question 6

Oceanic crust rock type

Answer 6

Basalt

Question 7

Continental crust rock type

Answer 7

Granite

Question 8

Oceanic crust location

Answer 8

Underneath the worlds oceans

Question 9

Continental crust location

Answer 9

Underneath the continents

Question 10

Which type of crust is older, oceanic or continental?

Answer 10

Continental (1500 million to 3.8 billion years old) Oceanic crust is 200 million years old

Question 11

Which type of crust is more dense?

Answer 11

Oceanic (3g/cm3) Continental crust is 2.7g/cm3

Question 12

Which type of crust is renewable?

Answer 12

Oceanic, continental isn’t

Question 13

Which type of crust can be destroyed?

Answer 13

Oceanic, continental can’t

Question 14

Which type of crust is deeper?

Answer 14

Continental (up to 70km) Oceanic is 6-10km

Question 15

What minerals do the two crusts contain?

Answer 15

Oceanic- Silice and magnesium (sima)

Continental- Silice and aluminium (sial)

Question 16

Similarities between the two crusts

Answer 16

Both crusts float on the mantle
Both are made of rock 
Both contain silice
Both formed from all 3 types of rock (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic)
Both brittle solids and fragment readily

Question 17

Differences between the two crusts

Answer 17

Continental cannot sink
Continental cannot be renewed or destroyed
Continental is less dense than oceanic
Continental is older than oceanic

Oceanic can sink 
Oceanic can be renewed and destroyed
Oceanic is more dense than continental
Oceanic is newer than continental 
Oceanic is influenced by convection currents in the mantle, unlike continental

Question 18

Constructive plate boundary

Answer 18

Two oceanic crusts moving away from each other, volano formed where these plates leave a gap

Question 19

Destructive plate boundary

Answer 19

More dense oceanic crust slips under the less dense continental crust. Oceanic trenches are formed where the oceanic crust slips under. Earthquake activity can occur if plates stick. There can also be volcanic activity near fold mountains on the continental crust.

Question 20

Example of a destructive plate boundary

Answer 20

West coast of South America

Question 21

Collision plate boundary

Answer 21

Two continental crusts moving towards each other. They collide and rise up to form fold mountains. Eathquakes can also occur at collision plate boundaries

Question 22

Example of a collision plate boundary

Answer 22

Himalayas

Question 23

Slip/conservative boundary

Answer 23

Two plates move sideways past each other. When they stick, pressure builds up which can suddenly be released and an earthquake will occur

Question 24

Slip/conservative boundary

Answer 24

Two plates move sideways past each other. When they stick, pressure builds up which can suddenly be released and an earthquake will occur

Question 25

Why do continental plates move?

Answer 25

Convection currents in the mantle

Question 26

Example of fold mountains

Answer 26

The Rockies and The Andies, The Himalayas

Question 27

What is the thoery of continental drift?

Answer 27

That the worlds continents were once joined together but gradually moved apart over millionsof years

Question 28

When, and by whom, did the continental drift theory come about?

Answer 28

Alfred Wegener at the beginning of the 20th century

Question 29

What is a syncline?

Answer 29

A down fold formed by the creation of fold mountains

Question 30

What is an anticline?

Answer 30

An up fold formed by the creation of fold mountains

Question 31

When does an overfold occur?

Answer 31

When more pressure is exerted from one direction, and the strata folds over itself

Question 32

At what boundaries are fold mountains formed?

Answer 32

At a collision or a destructive plate boundary, when two plate margins collide

Question 33

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 33

The actual place where the plates move under the ground

Question 34

What is the epicentre of an earthquake?

Answer 34

Directly above the focus, on the surface

Question 35

What is the instrument called that measures the movement?

Answer 35

A seismometer

Question 36

What is the drawing called that that shows the earth's movement? (on paper)

Answer 36

A seismograph

Question 37

What is the scale called that measures the earthquake strength?

Answer 37

The Richter Scale

Question 38

What is the magnitude?

Answer 38

The strength of an earthquake

Question 39

What features do longitudinal waves have?

Answer 39

They cause an up and down movement

Question 40

What features do transverse waves have?

Answer 40

They cause a side to side movement

Question 41

What features do secondary waves have?

Answer 41

They are slower and cause movement from side to side

Question 42

What feautres do primary waves have?

Answer 42

The waves travel fastest, back and forth

Question 43

The Mercalli Scale characteristics

Answer 43

use eye witness observartions observes the damage done it is judgement-there is no right or wrong as the level increases, so does the damage done it is arithmetic in type i.e goes 1,2,3,4 e.t.c

Question 44

How many levels does the Mercalli scale have?

Answer 44

12

Question 45

The Richter scale characteristics

Answer 45

uses a seisometer to measure acurately earthquake activity measures the energy/magnitude of the earthquake logarithmic is scale. i.e each level is 10 times stronger than the previous one

Question 46

How many levels does the Richter scale have?

Answer 46

9

Question 47

Qualitative

Answer 47

judgemental

Question 48

Quantitative

Answer 48

measures

Question 49

Two case studies for comparing earthquakes

Answer 49

Haiti and Chile

Question 50

Two case studies for comparing earthquakes

Answer 50

Haiti and Chile

Question 51

What are the 3 P's?

Answer 51

Prediction, Protection and Preparation