The Restless Earth

Question 0

Name the plate margin where two plates are moving towards eachother

Answer 0

Destructive

Question 1

Name two differences between continental and oceanic plates

Answer 1

Oceanic = denser
Continental = thicker

Question 2

What is an ocean trench?

Answer 2

Very deep sections of the ocean floor where the oceanic plate goes down

Question 3

Name the type of plate margin where two plates are moving sideways against eachother

Answer 3

Conservative

Question 4

How are fold mountains formed?

Answer 4

When tectonic plates collide the sedimentary rocks that have built up between them are folded and fired upwards to form mountains.

Question 5

Give one way that humans use fold mountain areas

Answer 5

Farming
Hydro electric power
Mining
Forestry
Tourism (eg skiing/mountain biking)

Question 6

Describe how farmers have adapted to the steep slopes in fold mountain areas.

Answer 6

• man made defences are used to protect against avalanches and rock slides.
• animals are grazed in most high areas as the soil isn’t great for growing crops.
• roads have been built over passes.

Question 7

Name one range of fold mountains

Answer 7

The Alps

Question 8

Name 3 ways that humans use the Alps

Answer 8

Walking
Mountain bikini
Skiing
Snow boarding

Question 9

What’s magma called when it erupts onto the surface?

Answer 9

Lava

Question 10

Which type of volcano is made up of layers of ash and lava?

Answer 10

Composite volcano

Eg Mount Fuji

Question 11

Which type of volcano is formed when lava is runny?

Answer 11

Shield volcanoes

Eg Mauna Loa

Question 12

Name a volcanic eruption and state where it happened

Answer 12

Soufriere Hills Volcano in Montserrat

Question 13

Describe 2 negative secondary impacts of Montserrat

Answer 13

• Large areas were covered with volcanic material- the capital city Plymouth was buried under 12m of mud and ash.
• Over 20 villages and two thirds of homes on the island were destroyed by pyroclastic flows.
• Vegetation and farmland were destroyed.
• 19 people died and 7 were injured.
• Schools, hospitals, the airport and the port were destroyed.

Question 14

Describe 2 secondary impacts of the eruption of Montserrat

Answer 14

• Fires destroyed many buildings including local government offices, the police headquarters and the town central petrol station.
• Tourists stayed away and businesses were destroyed, disrupting the economy.
• Population decline - 8000 of the islands 12000 inhabitants have left since the eruptions began in 1995.

Question 15

Give two positive impacts of the eruption in Montserrat

Answer 15

• Volcanic ash from the eruption has improved soil fertility.
• Tourism has increased as people come to see the volcano.

Question 16

Give to immediate responses to the eruption in Montserrat

Answer 16

• People were evacuated from the south to safe areas in the north.
• Shelters were built to house evacuees.
• Temporary infrastructure was also built, eg roads and electricity supplies.
• The UK provided £17 million of emergency aid.
• Local emergency services provided support units to search for and rescue survivors.

Question 17

Give two long term responses to the eruption in Montserrat

Answer 17

• A risk map was crated and an exclusion zone is in place. The south of the island is off-limits while the volcano is still active.
• The UK has provided £41 million to develop the North of the island - new docks, and airport and houses have been built in the north.
• The Montserrat Volcano Observatory has been set up to try and predict future eruptions.

Question 18

Where do super-volcanoes form?

Answer 18

At destructive ate margins or over parts of the mantle that are really hot (called hot spots).

Question 19

Give one way that a super volcano’s eruption is different from a volcanic eruption.

Answer 19

A super volcanic eruption will throw out thousands of cubic km of rock ash and lava (much more than normal volcanoes, which usually produce a couple of cubic km)

Question 20

Give one predicted effect of a super volcanic eruption

Answer 20

• A thick cloud of super heated gas and ash will flow at high speed from the volcano, killing, burning and burying everything it touches. Everything within tens of miles will be destroyed.
• Ash will shoot kilometres into the air and block out almost all daylight over whole continents.

Question 21

What causes earthquakes?

Answer 21

Plates can get stuck against eachother. When they become unstuck you get earthquakes.

Question 22

What’s the point in the earth where an earthquake starts?

Answer 22

The focus

Question 23

What’s the name of the point on the surface of the earth where an earthquake starts?

Answer 23

The epicentre.

Question 24

What does the Richter scale measure?

Answer 24

This measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake (called the magnitude)

Question 25

Give an example of an earthquake in a rich part of the world

Answer 25

L’aquila, Italy

Question 26

Give an example of an earthquake in a poor let of the world.

Answer 26

Kashmir, Pakistan

Question 27

What causes a tsunami?

Answer 27

A tsunami is a series of enormous waves caused when huge amounts of water get displaced. This often happens when a volcano erupts or an earthquake happens out at sea.