the rest Flashcards
primary motor cortex
initiation of motor movement, broadmans area 4 (frontal lobe), homonuculus
cerebellum
coordination of muscle movement
speech production and perception
a multisystem process that involves feedback
mcgurk effect
speech perception= eyes+ears
we hear what we see articulated
lombard effect
In the presence of noise, we unconsciously modify our voices to make it more intelligible (articulate more clearly, speak with more intensity)
DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOCAL TRACT
- The developmental changes in infants’ vocalizations over the first year of life are influenced by physical developments during that time
- lowering the larynx around 6 months
- changes in vocal tract thru adolescence
- Changes in the horizontal to vertical vocal tract dimensions, in adults the ratio is 1:1
the primary differences between the chimp and human vocal tracts and skulls
Airway adaptations: larynx lowering/pharynx expansion
Change in tongue shape and position
Change in dentition (teeth)
General and specific brain expansion
reduced frontal lobe, no brocas or wenickes
chimps have larger brow, sloping forehead, jutting jaw
why humans are at a greater risk of choking that chimps
velum and epiglottis are further apart because of descended larynx/ they d not touch and cannot create airtight seal for food
evolutionary developments of larynx
descended larynx, not sufficient for speech
mastication
process involved in getting food ready for swallowing
deglutition
the action or process of swallowing
primary muscles of mastication
temporalis masseter buccinator obicularis oris pytergoid
4 stages of swallowing
- oral preparatory- taking food masicating it making it into bolus
- oral (buccal)- controlling bolus and transporting it to the back of the mouth
- pharyngeal- initiating swallow reflex
- esophageal- food enters esophagus
peristalsis
food is conducted into stomach via esophagus via wavelike series of smooth muscle contractions-relaxtions
barium swallow
seen on xray, swallow with different thickness of liquids
