The Respiratory System Session1

Question 1

How does the respiratory system develop

Answer 1

As a diverticulitis from the pharynx, endoderm from the primitive gut tube

Question 2

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 2

Minimise weight of head / humidifying inspired air

Sphenoidal s - pre auricular

Ethmoidal cells- post oculi

Frontal s - on & above eyebrow

Maxillary s - side nose

Question 3

The conducting airway

Answer 3

Trachea
Primary bronchi (main)
Secondary bronchi (lobar)
Tertiary bronchi (segmental)
Bronchioles 
Terminal bronchioles 

Nasal cavity to bronchioles

Question 4

Movements of chest wall during breathing

Answer 4

Bucket handle (vertical) and pump handle (lateral and anterio-posterior)

Alveolar pressure must be lower than atmospheric for air to enter alveoli

Question 5

Diaphragminnervation

Answer 5

Phrenic = diaphragm 
Cervical plexus (C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive) 

Phrenic Nerve

Question 6

Where would you put a chest drain in relation to ribs?

Answer 6

Above ribs as minor bundles here not major

Question 7

Openings of the diaphragm

Answer 7

(I) vena cava - T8

Oesophagus - T10

Aortic hiatus - T12 (aorta)

COUNT letters

Question 8

Muscles of respiration

Answer 8

Main: diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, scalene

Accessory: pectorals, sternocleiomastoid, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior/ posterior superior

Question 9

Runs in costal groove

Answer 9

Intercostal vein, artery and nerve

Question 10

Where do you normally give blood form

Answer 10

Internal thoracic artery and vein run along the sternum

Question 11

Azygos system

Answer 11

Unpaired azygos vein connects superior and inferior vena cava - drains thorax and abdomen

Question 12

Lobes of lung

Answer 12

Right - 3 lobes
Superior - transverse fissure - middle - oblique fissure- inferior

Left - 2 lobes
Superior- oblique fissure - inferior

Question 13

Inhale foreign body where is it likely to go?

Answer 13

Right bronchi - shallower angle, more vertical

Question 14

Segments of the mediastinum

Answer 14

Superior (everything above heart) and inferior separated by plane of Louie T4/T5

Inferior:
Anterior- fat and thymus G in children

Middle- pericardium

Posterior - aorta, thoracic duct, oesophagus

Question 15

Pleura

Answer 15

Transmit forces to lung for ventilation

Visceral- autonomic innervation, supplied by bronchial arteries

Pleural cavity (Xs fluid pleural effusion)

Parietal - rich somatic innervation (feels pain), supplied by intercostal arteries

Question 16

Costophtenic recess

Answer 16

Potential space- just pleural cavity before diaphragm , lung can expand into

Question 17

Blood supply to lungs

Answer 17

If pulmonary embolism in pulmonary artery, bronchial arteries some supply to lungs

Pulmonary arteries- supply deoxygenated

Bronchial arteries- supply oxygenated

Question 18

Diaphragm location

Answer 18

4th ICS right (higher) and 5th ICS on left