The Respiratory System Problems

Question 1

Tonsillitis / la amigdalitis

Answer 1

is inflammation (swelling) of the tonsils. Strep throat causes tonsil swelling

Question 2

Pharyngitis / la faringitis

Answer 2

or sore throat, is discomfort, pain, or scratchiness in the throat. It often makes it painful to swallow

Question 3

Laryngitis / laringitis

Answer 3

is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the voice box (larynx); is usually associated with hoarseness or loss of voice

Question 4

Acute Bronchitis / Bronquitis aguda

Answer 4

is swelling and inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs. This swelling narrows the airways, making it harder to breathe and causing other symptoms, such as a cough. Acute means the symptoms have only been present for a short time

Question 5

Pneumonia / neumonía

Answer 5

is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs; the air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing; a variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia

Question 6

Pneumothorax / Neumotórax

Answer 6

is an abnormal collection of air or gas in the pleural space that separates the lung from the chest wall and which may interfere with normal breathing; a primary pneumothorax is one that occurs w/out an apparent cause and in the absence of significant lung disease, while a 2ndary pneumothorax occurs in the presence of existing lung pathology

Question 7

Asthma / asma

Answer 7

is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing

Question 8

Emphysema / enfisema

Answer 8

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases; makes it difficult to breathe; there are two main forms of COPD: Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus; Emphysema, which involves destruction of the lungs over time

Question 9

Lung Cancer / cáncer de pulmón∗

Answer 9

is cancer that starts in the lungs. The lungs are located in the chest. When you breathe, air goes through your nose, down your windpipe (trachea), and into the lungs, where it spreads through tubes called bronchi. Most lung cancer begins in the cells that line these tubes

Question 10

Phlegm / la flema

Answer 10

is a liquid secreted by the mucous membranes of mammalians; is in essence a water-based gel consisting of glycoproteins, immunoglobulins, lipids and other substances; its composition varies depending on climate, genetics, and state of the immune system; its color can vary from transparent to pale or dark yellow and green, from light to dark brown, and even to dark grey depending on the constituents

Question 11

Upper Respiratory System / Sistema respiratorio superior

Answer 11

primarily refers to the parts of the respiratory system lying outside of the thorax or above the sternal angle; the airway above the glottis or vocal cords; is the defining line between the upper and lower respiratory tracts

Question 12

Wheezing / ruidoso; sibilante

Answer 12

is a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing. It occurs when air moves through narrowed breathing tubes

Question 13

Cough / toser

Answer 13

is an important way to keep your throat and airways clear. However, too much coughing may mean you have a disease or disorder. Some coughs are dry. Others are considered productive. A productive cough is one that brings up mucus. Mucus is also called phlegm or sputum

Question 14

Post Nasal Drip / Goteo post Nasal

Answer 14

upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) or post nasal drip syndrome (PNDS); occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa; it then accumulates in the throat or back of the nose; it is caused by rhinitis, sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or by a disorder of swallowing (such as an esophageal motility disorder); is frequently caused by an allergy, which may be seasonal or persistent throughout the year

Question 15

Deviated Septum / Tabique desviado

Answer 15

occurs when the thin wall (nasal septum) between your nostrils is displaced to one side. In many people, the nasal septum is displaced — or deviated — making one nasal passage smaller

Question 16

Sinuses / el seno; la cavidad, el hueco

Answer 16

are a connected system of hollow cavities in the skull; the largest sinus cavities are around an inch across; others are much smaller. The sinus cavities include:
• The maxillary sinuses (the largest), in the cheekbones.
• The frontal sinuses, in the low-center of the forehead.
• The ethmoid sinuses, between the eyes, at the nasal bridge.
• The sphenoid sinuses, in bones behind the nasal cavity.
are lined with soft, pink tissue called mucosa. Normally, the sinuses are empty except for a thin layer of mucus.

Question 17

Airways / la vía respiratoria

Answer 17

comprises those parts of the respiratory system through which air flows, conceptually beginning (on inhalation from the external environment) at the nose and mouth, and terminating in the alveoli. It is generally used synonymously with respiratory tract, to avoid sounding overly scientific

Question 18

Collapsed Lung / Pulmón colapsado

Answer 18

or pneumothorax, is the collection of air in the space around the lungs. This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath

Question 19

CPD (chronic pulmonary disease) / enfermedad pulmonar crónica

Answer 19

Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms, and includes conditions of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing. Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold, to life-threatening entities like bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and lung cancer

Question 20

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) / Tuberculosis pulmonar

Answer 20

is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs. It may spread to other organs