The Respiratory System

Question 0

What are the primary muscles of quiet inhalation and how do they function to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 0

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Question 1

What are the three types of passive relaxation pressures that are involved in the quiet exhalation of air from the lungs?

Answer 1

1. Torque (Relaxing the inspiratory process - muscles returning to original length)
2. Gravity
3. Elasticity

Question 2

How do the accessory muscles of inhalation assist the primary muscles of inhalation during?

Answer 2

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Question 3

What are the primary muscles of exhalation and what is their action during quiet exhalation?

Answer 3

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Question 4

How do the accessory muscles of exhalation assist the primary muscles of exhalation during forceful exhalation?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Name and describe the various subdivisions of the total air capacity of the lungs.

Answer 5

TLC = TV + IR + ERV + RV

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = Tidal Volume (TV), the volume of air we breathe in during a respiratory cycle + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), volume that can be inhaled after tidal volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), the volume that can be expired after tidal volume expiration + RV
2.

Question 6

How does lung capacity vary with sex and age?

Answer 6

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Question 7

Describe the variations in lung volume during quiet respiration and during speech.

Answer 7

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Question 8

How is subglottal pressure controlled during speech?

Answer 8

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Question 9

Explain the paralinguistic, prosodic and segmental uses of intensity during speech production.

Answer 9

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Question 10

What are some of the ways of measuring lung volume during speech and non-speech respiration?

Answer 10

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Question 11

Describe the internal and external structure of the lungs. Discuss the primary and speech functions of the lungs. Why does an increase in thoracic volume result in an increase in lung volume?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Describe the structure of the rib cage. Explain how the lifting of the ribs results in an increase in the volume of the lungs.

Answer 12

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Question 13

Describe the respiratory and laryngeal factors that act to control sub-glottal pressure.

Answer 13

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Question 14

How do the muscles of inhalation and exhalation act antagonistically and synergistically with the passive exhalation forces to maintain a relatively constant sub-glottal pressure during speech?

Answer 14

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Question 15

What is the relationship between sub-glottal pressure and sound pressure, volume velocity, fundamental frequency and perceived loudness during speech?

Answer 15

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Question 16

How does breathing for speech differ from breathing for life?

Answer 16

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