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PE COMP 1 THE BODY AT WORK > THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Breathe air through the lungs and transfer oxygen from the lungs to the blood through diffusion.

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2
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Occurs in the lungs; oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs (alveoli).

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3
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Occurs in the tissue of the body, where oxygen diffuses from the blood into the muscles and carbon dioxide diffuses from the muscles into the blood.

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4
Q

True or False: Gaseous exchange occurs from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure.

A

False

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Gaseous exchange occurs when gases move from an area of _______ pressure to an area of low pressure.

A

high

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6
Q

What are the two types of respiration discussed?

A
  • External respiration
  • Internal respiration
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7
Q

Where does external respiration take place?

A

In the lungs.

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8
Q

Where does internal respiration occur?

A

In the tissues of the body, such as muscles and organs.

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9
Q

What gas diffuses from the alveoli into the blood during external respiration?

A

Oxygen.

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10
Q

What gas diffuses from the blood into the alveoli during external respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide.

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11
Q

What gas diffuses from the blood into the muscles during internal respiration?

A

Oxygen.

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12
Q

What gas diffuses from the muscles into the blood during internal respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide.

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13
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of a gas from an area of a high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable surface (one cell thick)

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14
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

The intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage up and out. The diaphragm contracts, causing the chest cavity to get larger, which lowers pressure in the lungs. Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure.

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15
Q

What occurs during expiration?

A

The intercostal muscles relax, allowing the rib cage to return to normal. The chest cavity gets smaller, increasing pressure in the lungs, which causes air to flow out.

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16
Q

What is inhalation during exercise?

A

Inhalation during exercise is an active process where breathing is deeper as the chest cavity expands further. Other muscles, such as the pectorals and the scalene muscle, assist with this.

17
Q

What is expiration during exercise?

A

Expiration becomes an active process where air has to be forced out of the lungs at a faster rate. The muscles that assist are the abdominals and the internal intercostal muscles.

18
Q

What happens to the rib cage during expiration?

A

The rib cage is forced in and down.

19
Q

What is the order of air delivery to the body?

A

Air is delivered to the body in the following order: nose/hall cavity/nath (warmed, sited, moistened), trachea, bronchi (bronchus), bronchioles (lined with mucus + cilia to filter), alveoli (air sacs), gaseous exchange.

20
Q

What is the role of bronchioles?

A

Bronchioles are lined with mucus and cilia to filter the air.

21
Q

What is exhaled during respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide is breathed out.

22
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Alveoli are in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place.

Alveoli are small air sacs that facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood.

23
Q

How thick are alveoli and why is this important?

A

Alveoli are one cell thick, allowing diffusion to take place.

This thinness enables efficient gas exchange between the alveoli and surrounding capillaries.

24
Q

What surrounds the alveoli?

A

Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries.

This network is crucial for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

25
Q

What happens to oxygen in the lungs?

A

Oxygen from the lungs enters the blood.

This process is essential for delivering oxygen to body tissues.

26
Q

What happens to carbon dioxide during respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood (capillaries) to the alveoli and is breathed out.

This is part of the body’s mechanism to remove waste gases.

27
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

The maximum amount of air you can exhale after maximum inhalation.

This measurement varies between individuals, particularly between men and women.

28
Q

What is the average Vital Capacity for men?

A

4-5 liters.

Endurance athletes may have even higher capacities.

29
Q

What is the average Vital Capacity for females?

A

3-4 liters.

Similar to men, endurance athletes may reach up to 6-7 liters.

30
Q

What is the respiration rate?

A

The number of times you breathe in a minute.

This rate is typically lowest during sleep or rest.

31
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

Total volume of air breathed (in and out) in one minute.

This is an important measure of respiratory function.

32
Q

How is minute volume calculated?

A

Minute volume = Tidal volume * respiration rate.

This formula helps assess the efficiency of breathing.

33
Q

What is the short-term effect on the respiratory system during increased activity?

A

Increased respiratory rate and deeper breathing

This includes an increase in tidal volume and minute ventilation.

34
Q

What happens to tidal volume during increased respiratory activity?

A

Tidal volume increases along with minute ventilation

This is a response to increased demand for oxygen.

35
Q

What role does the respiratory control center (RCC) play in breathing?

A

Sends impulses to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm to increase contraction

This helps facilitate deeper and more frequent breaths.

36
Q

What are the long-term effects of increased respiratory activity on the intercostal muscles and diaphragm?

A

They get stronger

This leads to increased tidal volume and minute ventilation.

37
Q

How does the capillary network around the alveoli change with long-term respiratory training?

A

The surface area for gaseous exchange increases

This is due to the increased capillary network around the alveoli.

38
Q

What effect does an increased capillary network have on gas diffusion?

A

More CO2 and O2 can diffuse, allowing the athlete to work for longer

Enhanced diffusion supports longer performance during exercise.

39
Q

What is the result of increased oxygen inhalation during exercise for athletes?

A

Athletes can work for longer before becoming tired

This is due to improved respiratory efficiency.

PE COMP 1 THE BODY AT WORK (1 decks)

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