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ANAT 200 - A & P > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of respiratory system

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2

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2
Q

Inhalation

A

Taking air into the lungs

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3
Q

Exhalation

A

Taking air out of the lungs

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4
Q

Organs: in order

A
  1. Nose, nasal cavities
  2. Pharynx (throat)
  3. Larynx (voice box)
  4. Trachea (wind pipe)
  5. L and R primary bronchi
    Functions:
    -transport air
    -make air warm = core body temperature
    -make air clean
    -make air humid
    = lining the airways which is mucous membrane and secretes mucus
In lungs: 
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
.
.
.
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli (place for exchange of O2 and CO2)
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5
Q

Organs: upper respiratory organs

A

Organs located in head and neck

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6
Q

Lining of the airways

A

Mucus membrane
Ciliated columnar epithelium

Goblet cell which secret mucous

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7
Q

Respiratory mucosa location

A 
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi (all)
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8
Q

Nose: nasal cavities

A

Lining: respiratory mucosa is call nasal epithelium

Nasal septum

Cartilage
Vomer bone
Ethmoid bone

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9
Q

Nose septum

A

The wall between two nasal cavities

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10
Q

Conchae

A

Increase surface of the nose
Line with nasal epithelium
Make more air clean, warm, and humid

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11
Q

Floor of the nose is called

A

Palate

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12
Q

Hard palate

A

4 bones, palatine, maxillary

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13
Q

Soft palate

A

Uvula

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14
Q

Paranasal sinuses:

A

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

“para” meaning around
Around the nose and open to nose

Functions: make skull lighter, voice better, participate in sense of smell

Contain air

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15
Q

stops food from entering to trachea

A

Uvula

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16
Q

Aspiration

A

solid or liquid in the airways

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17
Q

Epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

Function: covers glottis when swallow food or stops food from entering to trachea

18
Q

Glottis

A

space between vocal cords

19
Q

Larynx

A

Bone, 1 :
Hyoid bone, U shape and the only bone which wont make joint with other bones

Cartilages, 9 :
6 of these cartilages are small and paired (3 pairs)
3 of these cartilages are large:
1. Thyroid cartilage, Adams Apple, Hyaline cartilage
2. Epiglottis, elastic cartilage
3. Cricoid cartilage, hyaline and the only cartilage
which makes a complete ring, to keep the opening of the trachea open. RR= 12-16/min

20
Q

Trachea

A

location: Mediastinum, in front of esophagus
lining: mucous membrane, smooth muscle

15-25 C shaped cartilages - stop trachea from collapsing
C shaped: with esophagus, allows food to go down

21
Q

L primary bronchus

A

1, longer, narrower, angled

22
Q

R primary bronchus

A

1, shorter, wider, straight

(right lung is more prone to aspiration)

(by gravity, when we swallow, it will go to the right side, path of least resistance)

23
Q

branches of the Trachea

A

L and R bronchus

24
Q

secondary bronchi

A

or lobar bronchi: 5
2 left side
3 right side

25
Q

tertiary bronchi

A

18,
8 left side
10 right side

26
Q

bronchioles

A

small airways with no C shape cartilages

alveolar ducts
alveoli

27
Q

Respiratory membrane:

A

Between air in alveoli and blood in capillary there is a wall which is called respiratory membrane.

  1. wall of the alveoli
  2. interstitial space
  3. wall of capillaries
28
Q

what stops alveoli from collapsing?

A

surfactant: fat, decreases surface tension of water means it stop alveoli from collapsing

29
Q

alveolar cells

A

phagocytosis

30
Q

Pneumonia

A

infection of the lungs

  1. viral
  2. bacterial
31
Q

L lung

A

longer and narrower
oblique fissure
2 lobes

32
Q

R lung

A

shorter and wider
oblique fissure, horizontal or transverse fissure
3 lobes

33
Q

apex

A

most of air in apex because air is light

34
Q

base

A

more prone to collapse

35
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane called pleura

Pleura:
1. visceral pleura
2. parietal pleura
pleural space: a few drops of fluid for lubrication, between visceral and parietal pleura

36
Q

types of tissue in the lung

A

elastic connective tissue

37
Q

control of respiration

A

brain
brainstem
pons - rate and depth
medulla oblongata - inspiration and expiration center

38
Q

transportation oxygen:

A

98.5% of O2
enter in to RBC’s
bonds to Hb: O2 + Hb = HbO2 : Oxyhemoglobin, lungs : more O2
HbO2 = O2 + Hb : Deoxyhemoglobin, tissue : less O2

Oxygenated blood: 98-100%
deliverable: 25%
deoxygenated blood: 75%

1.5% of O2 dissolves in water of blood plasma

39
Q

Transportation of CO2:

A

7% of CO2 dissolves in plasma
23% of CO2 enters to RBC’s, Bond to Hb: CO2 + Hb = HbCO2 = carbaminohemoglobin
HbCO2 = Hb + CO2 = happens in lungs and gets exhaled

70% of CO2: enters to RBC’s, dissolves in the RBC’s cytoplasmic water

CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = carbonic acids
carbonic anhydrase bonds CO2 and H2O
H+ (hydrogen ion) + HCO3 (bicarbonate)

40
Q

why Bicarbonate injection for CPR?

A
  1. to stimulate respiratory centers in brain stem

2. to decrease H+ : in order to decrease acidosis

ANAT 200 - A & P (16 decks)

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