The Renal system QMP Flashcards
From the collecting duct of the nephrons, urine drains directly into the
ureter
minor calyces
urinary bladder
renal pelvis
major calyces
minor calyces
Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland is stimulated by
increased blood volume
alcohol consumption
increased osmotic pressure of plasma
low osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid
All of the choices are correct
Increased osmotic pressure of plasma
Tubular secretion can be used to eliminate ____ from the blood at a faster rate than it enters the filtrate
penicillin
potassium ions
ammonium ions
hydrogen ions
All of these are correct
All of these are correct
Which of the following represents the correct order of anatomical structures found in a nephron
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop
glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
The kidney helps to regulate PH of body fluids by
reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate
secreting hydrogen ions into the urine
reabsorbing sodium ions
both reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate and reabsorbing sodium ions
both reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate and secreting hydrogen ions
both reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate and secreting hydrogen ions
The PH of extracellular fluid, such as blood plasma, of a healthy person is
highly basic
neutral
slightly basic
slightly acidic
highly acidic
slightly basic
Which of the following represents the correct order of anatomical structures found in a nephron?
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule,nephron loop
glomerular capsule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following represents the correct order of anatomy found in a nephron?
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop
glomerular capsule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
The dehydration sensors in the body stimulate the thirst centre in response to?
decreased flow of saliva, increased osmotic pressure of blood plasma, and decreased blood volume
decreased blood volume
increased osmotic pressure of blood plasma
increased osmotic pressure of blood plasma and decreased blood volume
decreased flow of saliva
decreased flow of saliva, increased osmotic pressure of blood plasma, and decreased blood volume
Which of the following beverages contains diuretics that inhibit ADH secretion?
wine
tea
beer
coffee
both beer and wine
both beer and wine
Which of the following is not found in urine in the normal human body?
Sodium Chloride
Glucose
Dissolved Ions
Water
Nitrogenous wastes from the liver such as creatinine and urea
Glucose
Which of the following hormones would be realeased in a person that has recently ingested 10 cups of water?
ADH
angiotensin II
aldosterone
ANP
insulin
ANP
Which of the following body fluid compartments is the largest?
lymph
plasma
intracellular fluid
interstitial fluid
extracellular fluid
intracellular fluid
The glomerular filtration rate in a normal adult male is about
250 liters a day
210 liters a day
180 liters a day
120 liters a day
80 liters a day
180 liters a day
An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to:
decrease in ADH production
increase in aldostyerone production
decrease in concentration of blood plasma
increase in ADH production
all of the above
increase in ADH production
On average, renal blood flow declines by __ between the ages of 40 and 70
20%
30%
40%
50%
80%
50%
The urinary bladder is lined by
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
transitional epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
ciliated columnar epithelium
transitional epithelium
Which of the following structures found in the kidney is the site where filtration of the blood occurs?
renal tubule
renal hilum
renal artery
renal corpuscle
renal calyx
renal corpuscle
Together with the skin and the liver, the kidneys help synthesize ____, which is the active form of vitamin D
renin
erythropoietin
calcitriol
angiotensin
calcitonin
calcitriol
Uric acid is a waste product formed from the catabolism of
creatine phosphate
nucleic acids
amino acids
carbohydrates
fatty acids
nucleic acids
The glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule is part of the
renal tubule
renal corpuscle
renal pelvis
minor calyx
renal pyramid
renal corpuscle
The terminal portion of the urinary system consists of a small tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body called the
external urethral orifice
uvula
urethra
collecting duct
ureter
urethra
The portion of the nephron that attached to the collecting duct is the;
Descending loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Renal Pelvis
Distal convoluted tubule
Bladder
Distal convoluted tubule
The process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra is called
defecation
filtration
expectoration
retention
micturition
micturition
Urinary tract infections are most frequently due to
Blood in urine
Faecal microorganisms
Alkaline urine
Acidic urine
Faecal microorganisms
Which of the following substances is found in plasma but is not usually in the tubular fluid?
amino acids
vitamins
water
large proteins
nitrogenous wastes
large proteins
The distal convoluted tubules empty directly into the
nephron loop
renal pelvis
collecting duct
minor calyx
major calyx
collecting duct
Which of the following lists contains the correct order of fluid through the urinary system?
PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct, calyces, renal pelvis, ureters
PCT, nephron loop, collecting duct, renal pelvis, calyces, ureter
ACT, SAT, GRE, DDT
DCT, PCT, collecting duct, nephron loop, calyces, ureter, renal pelvis
DCT, nephron loop, PCT, Calyces, collecting duct, renal pelvis
PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct, calyces, renal pelvis, ureters
Water is lost from the body through
the skin
the lungs
the kidneys
the gastrointestinal tract
All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
The functional units of the kidneys are called
nephrons
glomeruli
corpuscles
tubules
calyces
nephrons
An important defence against urinary tract infection is
Macrophages in urine
Alkaline urine
Regular copious flow of dilute urine
Mucos lining the urethra
Regular copious flow of dilute urine
In response to increased blood volume, ANP is secreted by cells in the
pituitary gland
hypothalamus
kidneys
heart
adrenal glands
heart
