The Renaissance - Red Words Flashcards
Allegiance
swearing of loyalty or commitment by a lower rank to a superior power or by an individual to a group or cause
Anatomy
branch of science involved with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living things, especially revealed by dissection or separation of their parts.
Aqueducts
water pathways/channels that give people running water. typically in the form of a bridge across a gap. These originated in Rome. They were built out of stone.
Astronomy
branch of science that deals with space, celestial objects, and our universe.
Beliefs
something that one finds true or right; a firmly held opinion about something they passionately agree with and support.
Bills of Exchange
a written order/document that orders one party to pay a fixed amount of money, in a specific time span, to the person that is selling; a promissory letter.
Black Death
a plague that originally began in Asia, but spread to Europe. This was an awful plague that killed of ⅓ of Europe’s population. It was called the Black Death because of the black spots/buboes that appeared on the victims’ bodies.
Christianity
the religion based on Jesus Christ’s teachings; or its beliefs/morals and practices.
City-state
a city that with its surrounding territory, forms an independent state/small independent country that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories
Civic Humanism
a form of classical belief, that made people believe that in order to be a good and responsible citizen, you were to educate yourself about the history and political issues in your society, and working to improve your society.
Classic civilizations
Civilizations that were reintroduced during the Renaissance era, that influenced almost all the Humanist’s worldviews. These civilizations included the Greek, Roman, and Islamic Civilizations.
Crusades
battles that happened in order to fight for the Holy Land (Jerusalem). These battles took place between Christians from Europe and the Turkish Arabs, who had control but were being challenged by the Christians. The Jews also fought for this Holy Land.
Cultural Contact
contact between peoples with different cultures, usually leading to change in both systems; change in beliefs, customs, and worldviews.
Democracy
A system of government which allowed citizens to elect their representative leader.
Excommunication
the action/punishment of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church when one of its members breaks some important church rule.
Exploration
the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it
Feudalism
the social system in Medieval Europe in which the nobility (lords/knights) held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service while the peasants (serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection.
Heresy
any theory or belief that is strongly different/contrary with established beliefs or customs; in particular the beliefs of a church or religious organization (especially Christian).
Hierarchy
a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority; example: Feudalism
Hinterland
the rural area around a politically independent city-state; the hinterland is the area around a city-state that the city-state owns.
Holy Land
The Holy Land was what the Christians and Muslims were fighting against each other for as it was the place of worship for both religions. This land was called Jerusalem.
Humanism
system of thought attaching prime importance to humans rather than supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
Indulgences
a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins, as taught by the Catholic Church; a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution.
Islam
the religion of the Muslims; a faith that there is only one God.
Isolation
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated/being separated from others/being alone and away from others.
Judaism
the monotheistic religion of the Jews
Manor/Fiefdoms
plot of land owned by the nobles, where the nobles lived in the manor - a big castle building - and the peasants lived and farmed on their small houses.
Middle Ages
a period of time in European history; known as the medieval times.
Monarchies
a form of government in which the head/throne is in power until death or renouncing the throne.
Nobles
the nobles were the lords or knights (vessels to the king) that swore oaths of allegiance to the king promising to protect and honor him.
Oligarchy
form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may be distinguished by nobility, wealth, education or corporate, religious, political, or military control; a small group of people having control over a country or institution.
Patrons
People during the Renaissance, that were usually wealthy, that paid artists to produce works for them and the city to view/someone who funds an organization or a project.
Peasants
a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land on a fiefdom, that farms and crops food for themselves and their lord.
Perspective
a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view. OR
art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point.
Philosophers
person that learned the nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. In the Renaissance, philosophers taught people how they could not only improve themselves but also their society, through their own efforts.
Pilgrim
a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.
Renaissance
Time of rebirth because the humanists looked into the past and were looking at Islamic, Greek, and Roman culture and saw beauty. The era where humanists dug into other cultures for ideas, in order to improve their own.
Rural
relating to the countryside rather than the city/urban area. (ex. fiefdom)
Scientific Method
a method of procedure that has characterized natural science; consists of systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. Invented during the Renaissance by scientist Sir Francis Bacon.
Serfs
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate (peasant)
Silk Road
a network of routes that connect Asia to Europe, and a little bit of Africa; this road was used to trade various goods, ideas, and knowledge.
Sovereignty
supreme power or authority/the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
Trade
exchange of goods and knowledge/ideas through land and sea routes.
Urbanization
the process of making an area more urban/city-like.
Usury
the illegal action or practice of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest
Values
the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something to a person.
Vernacular
The language that people in a city spoke and were fluent in/language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. When Greek or Roman books were translated to the vernacular, more people were able to read them.
Worldview
an individual’s independent conception of life and the world.
Tithe
one-tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy usually taken from the serfs/peasants.
