The Renaissance - Red Words

Question 1

Allegiance

Answer 1

swearing of loyalty or commitment by a lower rank to a superior power or by an individual to a group or cause

Question 2

Anatomy

Answer 2

branch of science involved with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living things, especially revealed by dissection or separation of their parts.

Question 3

Aqueducts

Answer 3

water pathways/channels that give people running water. typically in the form of a bridge across a gap. These originated in Rome. They were built out of stone.

Question 4

Astronomy

Answer 4

branch of science that deals with space, celestial objects, and our universe.

Question 5

Beliefs

Answer 5

something that one finds true or right; a firmly held opinion about something they passionately agree with and support.

Question 6

Bills of Exchange

Answer 6

a written order/document that orders one party to pay a fixed amount of money, in a specific time span, to the person that is selling; a promissory letter.

Question 7

Black Death

Answer 7

a plague that originally began in Asia, but spread to Europe. This was an awful plague that killed of ⅓ of Europe’s population. It was called the Black Death because of the black spots/buboes that appeared on the victims’ bodies.

Question 8

Christianity

Answer 8

the religion based on Jesus Christ’s teachings; or its beliefs/morals and practices.

Question 9

City-state

Answer 9

a city that with its surrounding territory, forms an independent state/small independent country that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories

Question 10

Civic Humanism

Answer 10

a form of classical belief, that made people believe that in order to be a good and responsible citizen, you were to educate yourself about the history and political issues in your society, and working to improve your society.

Question 11

Classic civilizations

Answer 11

Civilizations that were reintroduced during the Renaissance era, that influenced almost all the Humanist’s worldviews. These civilizations included the Greek, Roman, and Islamic Civilizations.

Question 12

Crusades

Answer 12

battles that happened in order to fight for the Holy Land (Jerusalem). These battles took place between Christians from Europe and the Turkish Arabs, who had control but were being challenged by the Christians. The Jews also fought for this Holy Land.

Question 13

Cultural Contact

Answer 13

contact between peoples with different cultures, usually leading to change in both systems; change in beliefs, customs, and worldviews.

Question 14

Democracy

Answer 14

A system of government which allowed citizens to elect their representative leader.

Question 15

Excommunication

Answer 15

the action/punishment of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church when one of its members breaks some important church rule.

Question 16

Exploration

Answer 16

the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it

Question 17

Feudalism

Answer 17

the social system in Medieval Europe in which the nobility (lords/knights) held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service while the peasants (serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection.

Question 18

Heresy

Answer 18

any theory or belief that is strongly different/contrary with established beliefs or customs; in particular the beliefs of a church or religious organization (especially Christian).

Question 19

Hierarchy

Answer 19

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority; example: Feudalism

Question 20

Hinterland

Answer 20

the rural area around a politically independent city-state; the hinterland is the area around a city-state that the city-state owns.

Question 21

Holy Land

Answer 21

The Holy Land was what the Christians and Muslims were fighting against each other for as it was the place of worship for both religions. This land was called Jerusalem.

Question 22

Humanism

Answer 22

system of thought attaching prime importance to humans rather than supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Question 23

Indulgences

Answer 23

a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins, as taught by the Catholic Church; a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution.

Question 24

Islam

Answer 24

the religion of the Muslims; a faith that there is only one God.

Question 25

Isolation

Answer 25

the process or fact of isolating or being isolated/being separated from others/being alone and away from others.

Question 26

Judaism

Answer 26

the monotheistic religion of the Jews

Question 27

Manor/Fiefdoms

Answer 27

plot of land owned by the nobles, where the nobles lived in the manor - a big castle building - and the peasants lived and farmed on their small houses.

Question 28

Middle Ages

Answer 28

a period of time in European history; known as the medieval times.

Question 29

Monarchies

Answer 29

a form of government in which the head/throne is in power until death or renouncing the throne.

Question 30

Nobles

Answer 30

the nobles were the lords or knights (vessels to the king) that swore oaths of allegiance to the king promising to protect and honor him.

Question 31

Oligarchy

Answer 31

form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may be distinguished by nobility, wealth, education or corporate, religious, political, or military control; a small group of people having control over a country or institution.

Question 32

Patrons

Answer 32

People during the Renaissance, that were usually wealthy, that paid artists to produce works for them and the city to view/someone who funds an organization or a project.

Question 33

Peasants

Answer 33

a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land on a fiefdom, that farms and crops food for themselves and their lord.

Question 34

Perspective

Answer 34

a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view. OR
art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point.

Question 35

Philosophers

Answer 35

person that learned the nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. In the Renaissance, philosophers taught people how they could not only improve themselves but also their society, through their own efforts.

Question 36

Pilgrim

Answer 36

a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.

Question 37

Renaissance

Answer 37

Time of rebirth because the humanists looked into the past and were looking at Islamic, Greek, and Roman culture and saw beauty. The era where humanists dug into other cultures for ideas, in order to improve their own.

Question 38

Rural

Answer 38

relating to the countryside rather than the city/urban area. (ex. fiefdom)

Question 39

Scientific Method

Answer 39

a method of procedure that has characterized natural science; consists of systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. Invented during the Renaissance by scientist Sir Francis Bacon.

Question 40

Serfs

Answer 40

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate (peasant)

Question 41

Silk Road

Answer 41

a network of routes that connect Asia to Europe, and a little bit of Africa; this road was used to trade various goods, ideas, and knowledge.

Question 42

Sovereignty

Answer 42

supreme power or authority/the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

Question 43

Trade

Answer 43

exchange of goods and knowledge/ideas through land and sea routes.

Question 44

Urbanization

Answer 44

the process of making an area more urban/city-like.

Question 45

Usury

Answer 45

the illegal action or practice of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest

Question 46

Values

Answer 46

the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something to a person.

Question 47

Vernacular

Answer 47

The language that people in a city spoke and were fluent in/language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. When Greek or Roman books were translated to the vernacular, more people were able to read them.

Question 48

Worldview

Answer 48

an individual’s independent conception of life and the world.

Question 49

Tithe

Answer 49

one-tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy usually taken from the serfs/peasants.