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Honors Global Studies > The Renaissance and Reformation > Flashcards

The Renaissance and Reformation Flashcards

1
Q

What were the years of the Renaissance and Reformation

A

1300-1650

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2
Q

patron

A

financial supporter

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3
Q

humanism

A

an intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues

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4
Q

humanities

A

study of subjects taught in ancient Greece and Rome, such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history

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5
Q

perspective

A

artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a three-dimensional effect

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6
Q

How was the Renaissance that began in Italy characterized?

A

by an interest in learning and the arts and a desire to explore the human experience

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7
Q

Why were the Italian city-states a favorable setting for a cultural rebirth?

A

It differed from the rest of Europe, it survived the Middle Ages, grew into prosperous centers of trade and manufacturing, and had a wealthy and powerful merchant class that exerted political and economic leadership, stressed education and supported the arts

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8
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

a cultural time of creativity and change in many areas: political, social, economic, and cultural

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9
Q

vernacular

A

everyday language of ordinary people

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10
Q

utopian

A

of the ideal society

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11
Q

indulgence

A

in the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins committed during a person’s lifetime

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12
Q

predestination

A

idea that God long ago determined who will gain salvation

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13
Q

annul

A

cancel or invalidate

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14
Q

ghetto

A

separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live

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15
Q

heliocentric

A

based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe

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16
Q

hypothesis

A

possible explanation

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17
Q

where and when did the Renaissance begin

A

began in the 1300s and reached its peak around 1500 it began in Italy (Italian city states) then spread north to the rest of Europe

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18
Q

What three different kinds of plays did William Shakespeare write?

A

comedies, history plays, tragedies

19
Q

Why did Martin Luther post his 95 Theses?

A

The 95 Theses (arguments) were in response to Johann Tetzel offering indulgences for money. He said that indulgences aren’t in the Bible and that humans cannot release souls from purgatory.

20
Q

The ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin lead people to separate from the Roman Catholic Church and form what?

A

New Protestant churches

21
Q

Who were three geniuses of Renaissance Art?

A

Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

22
Q

Who were some Italian Renaissance Writers?

A

Castiglione (The Book of the Courtier), Machiavelli (The Prince)

23
Q

The Renaissance slowly spread to northern Europe, where which artists and writers experimented with new methods and ideas?

A

German Durer (engraving), Flemish van Eyck (oil paint) and Bruegel (vibrant color), Dutch Erasmus (Greek edition of New Testatment (in common vernacular), Thomas More (social reform Utopia), English (Shakespeare ), Spanish Cervantes (Don Quixote). Printing press in Germany by Johann Gutenberg

24
Q

What were the effects of the Printing Revolution?

A

books were cheaper and easier to reproduce, more people began to learn/read, readers gained knowledge of medicine, astrology, etc. this also lead to religious turmoil

25
Q

recant

A

give up one’s beliefs or views

26
Q

theocracy

A

government run by religious leaders

27
Q

canonize

A

recognize someone as a saint

28
Q

scapegoat

A

person, group, or thing forced to take the blame for crimes or mistakes of others

29
Q

How did the English Reformation occur?

A

King Henry VIII wanted to end papal control over the English Church. He established the Church of England He wanted an annulment so that he could have a son with another lady. The pope refused.

30
Q

When the Protestant Reformation swept across Northern Europe, what took place lead by Pope Paul III?

A

The Catholic Reformation(Pope set out to revive the morality of the Church and roll back the Protestant tide

31
Q

What was the Council of Trent of 1545?

A

a group of people that met on and off for 20 years, they reaffirmed traditional Catholic views, also they tried to end abuse in church by clergy, created better schools for the clergy

32
Q

What was the Inquisition?

A

a church court set up during the middle ages. It used secret testimony, torture, and execution to roor out heresy. I created an Index of Forbidden Books (books by Luther and Calvin).

33
Q

Was there widespread persecution in the english refomation and catholic reformation?

A

Yes

34
Q

What were the long-term causes of the Protestant Reformation?

A

Roman Cath Church becomes more worldly, humanists urge a return to a simple religion, strong national monarchs emerge

35
Q

What were the immediate causes of the Protestant Reformation?

A

Tetzel sells indulgences, Luther posts 95 Theses, Luther translates bible into German, Printing press allows spread of reform ideas, Calvin preaches against Roman Catholic traditions

36
Q

What were the immediate effects of the Protestant Reformation?

A

peasants revolt, founding of Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Presbyterian, and other Protestant churches, weakening of Holy Roman Empire, Luther calls for Jews to be expelled from Christian lands

37
Q

What were the long term effects of the Protestant reformation?

A

Religious wars in Europe, Catholic reformation, strengthening of Inquisition, Jewish migration to Eastern Europe, increased antisemitism

38
Q

What is the scientific method

A

1.state the problem. 2. gather info on the problem. 3 form a hypothesis, or educated guess 4. Experiment to test the hypothesis 5. Record and analyze the data 6 State a conclusion 7 repeat the steps

39
Q

True or False: A new way of thinking, based on experimentation and observation, changed the way Europeans looked at the world

A

True …the Scientific Revolution

40
Q

Who proposed a heliocentric, sun-centered, universe ?

A

Copernicus

41
Q

Who was Galileo Galilei

A

An Italian astronomer who said that moons move around the planets. His life was threatened so he recanted his theory. He is also known for his discoveries about the motion of pendulums and falling objects.

42
Q

Who said “I think, therefore I am”?

A

DesCartes. He was in search of provable knowledge. He discarded all traditional authorities…he was left with only doubt so he concluded that the doubter had to exist..so he made his famous statement.

43
Q

Who was Sir Isaac Newton?

A

A scientist who used mathematics to demonstrate the effects of gravity. He created his Laws of Motion and mechanics….He developed calculus.

Honors Global Studies (2 decks)

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