The Renaissance Flashcards
1
Q
Allegiance
A
Loyalty to King
2
Q
Anatomy
A
Bodily structure
3
Q
Aqueducts
A
Water path that gives water. Built from stone
4
Q
Astronomy
A
Information of the universe.
5
Q
Beliefs
A
What people thought was true, but had no proof
6
Q
Bills of Exchange
A
The Bill of Exchange was like a legal way that records that you traded something for something else.
7
Q
Black Death
A
The Black Death was a plague that came and killed a third of Europe’s population
8
Q
Christianity
A
A religion. Originated from the area of Jerusalem.
9
Q
City-state
A
A city-state consists of a city that is politically independent
and the rural area around it.
10
Q
Civic Humanism
A
People who tried to be a good person of society and they educated themselves
11
Q
Classic civilizations
A
The Greek and Roman civilizations
12
Q
Crusades
A
Fighting for religion
13
Q
Cultural Contact
A
To connect ideas with your same culture.
14
Q
Democracy
A
A system of government where the citizens vote for a leader and the leader make decisions
15
Q
Excommunication
A
official exclusion from the Church.
16
Q
Exploration
A
To discover new things.
17
Q
Feudalism
A
People were in a ranked system, where the higher the rank the better the life. People were born in these positions.
18
Q
Heresy
A
To not fit with rules and beliefs
19
Q
Hierarchy
A
A system were people are in a ranked order.
20
Q
Hinterland
A
Hinterlands are Lands that are not rural area and are away from lots of people.
21
Q
Holy Land
A
A place related to religion. Jerusalem is an example.
22
Q
Humanism
A
Looked at different cultures of ancient times and applying them
23
Q
Indulgences
A
Certificates that reduced the time people would be punished for their sins after they died.
24
Q
Islam
A
A religion where people belive in prophet Muhammad and that there is only one god named Allah. Originated from the Holy land of Jerusalem.
25
Isolation
To make something away and no one sees it.
26
Judaism
A religion. Originated from the Holy land of Jerusalem.
27
Manor/Fiefdoms
pieces of rural lands in the Middle ages.
28
Middle Ages
Before 14th century, and after the fall of Rome.
29
Monarchies
Monarchies are a government with a leader that rules the place.
30
Nobles
Knights that protected the fiefdoms, and protected the serfs. They had to swear the Oath of Allegience.
31
Oligarchy
a form of government in which a few people have the power
32
Patrons
Exchanged ideas or arts.
33
Peasants/Serfs
Had their own land in the manor. Most people were peasants.
34
perspective
How a person sees the world
35
Philosophers
A person who studies philosophy and questions how the world work.
36
Pilgrim
To go to a Holy place for religion purposes.
37
Renaissance
From 14th century to the Age of Exploration. The rise of humanity because of the Humanists.
38
Rural
Country life. Something that is not in cities.
39
Scientific Method
Contains 6 steps. Make an Observation, Then make a hypothesis, then a prediction. Then test your prediction. Then make a conclusion.
40
Silk Road
A major trading route.
41
Sovereignty
supreme power and authority; the freedom of a country or political unit from outside control
42
Trade
To give something, and get something in return.
43
Urbanization
To make lots of people live together.
44
Usury
Usury means the practice of charging interest when loaning money to someone,
45
Values
Something someone really thinks is important.
46
Vernacular
A book in many languages so people from every culture can understand
47
Worldview
How a person views the world
48
Tithe
The money that goes to the church.
49
Francesco Petrarch
This person believed that the life before the medival times were a time of glory. This person inspired people to research about the past.
50
Erasmus
He studied a lot, like a Humanist, and inspired people to study more.
51
Michel de Montaigne
French philosopher who believed that
people should behave honorable, respecting both themselves and others. He believed that friendship, love, and courage should form the basis of human actions. He inspired people in how they should live a good life.
52
Leonardo de Vinci
Designed tanks, planes, helicopter, automatic rifles
| This let people think that anyone can do anything.
53
Donatello
He made beautiful sculptures and made people think that There are people that could make good sculptures.
54
Nicolaus Copernicus
published theory that the sun is in the center of the Solar system and not the Earth. This let people believe that We always move and the Earth isn't flat. This also let people thinks that Earth isn't important and the sun is important.
55
Geoffery Chaucer
He wrote about the social and political circumstances of the time. This affected worldviews, because people thought that people can think different things then them.
56
Sir Tomas More
He was a good counsellor. He died for doing the right thing. This made people think that anyone can do anything. even right or wrong
57
Martin Luther
Martin Luther creates the 95 rules of the Roman Church. This affects worldviews of people because they would start questioning the religion. Is Christianity right, or is Martin Luther right? What if none are right?
58
Lorenzo de Medici
He was a powerful banker that helped Florence. He supported artists. This affected worldviews, because now people thought that there were even good people in the world.
59
Sir Francis Bacon
Scientific Method, and colonization of Virginia. This affected worldviews, because now they knew an easier way to do science.
60
Henry The Navigator
This person made many navigational instruments. This person affected worldviews because know people knew that going anywhere was easier, and they believe that people can do anything.
61
Christopher Columbus
This person discovered the Americas. He got the metal from America too. He affected worldviews because now people thought that if you try hard you get money.
62
Ferdinand Magellan
He went to South America and went around the coast. He named the Pacific Ocean. He went across it and came to Indonesia. This affected worldviews because now people learned that the world is round.
63
Francis Drake
Drake stole goods from Spanish ships and took them to his country. This person affected worldviews because now people knew that people can steal.
64
Queen Elizabeth I
This is a queen, and she was well Educated. when she was queen, England defeated Spain. This changed worldviews because people think that with a good plan, even wealth can't win.
65
Vasco da Gama
He sailed around Africa to the Indian Ocean. He landed in India. This affected worldviews because he found a new route.
66
Eight worldviews
Geography, Time, Beliefs, Knowledge, Economy, Society, and Values
67
How Geography shapes a person's worldview
They think that every where is like the place they live and can only relate to that. EX. if you live in Canada, you can't really feel how hot it is in Africa.
68
How Time shapes a person's perspective of the world
The person thinks that the whole world has the same schedule as they do. EX. While living in Canada you might think that everywhere the days are shorter in winter than summer.
69
How Beliefs shape a person's perspective of the world.
People think that they are right and the other beliefs are dumb. EX. a Jewish person might this that Islam is not right.
70
How knowledge shapes a person's perspective
When we learn something, we mostly think its easy. But before learning we think its hard. EX. We think 5x5 is easy. But to some kinder-gardeners, that may be hard.
71
How Economy shapes a person's worldview.
We think that by our economy we are like everyone else. But this is not the case as people in some other counties
72
How Society shapes a person's worldview
The person might think that Society is same and all people are same.
73
How values shape a person's worldview
People think that everyone has the same values and it would be different to value something else.
74
When did the Middle Ages begin and with what event?
It started in 476 A.D. with the fall of Rome.
75
Why did Europe become such a violent place during the Early Middle Ages?
There were many wars
76
Who is thought to be a key figure in bringing stability to Europe? What event lead to the power of this figure and how did he bring stability?
William the Conqueror was important because he created the feudalism system.
77
Why is the feudalism hierarchy often drawn in a pyramid shape?
There are less people on the top, and more people on the bottom.
78
Feudalism involved obligations among various groups within the feudal hierarchy.
Serfs: Gave taxes to all levels
Knights: Gave protection to Serfs and followed the Ruler's and King's rules.
Rulers: Got taxes and controlled the knights. Was in Charge of the area.
Kings: Assigned rulers, and got taxes
Pope: told the king if the action was good in Christianity or not.
79
What did Feudalism provide?
Feudalism provided everyone with protection and money.
80
What did a lord’s strength depend on?
The more land, the more power
81
What two things did a lord needed to defend his property and people?
Power, and a wall
82
How could a regular serf escape from serfdom? Explain.
If they could escape and lived in a town for a year they could permanently escape
83
How was life as a merchant different than peasant or lord?
A merchant was higher in status and can trade other things and have a few more rights. They couldn’t create laws but had more and could trade other stuff.
84
How did a guild control society?
They set prices for things
85
Why was religion so important to people living in the Middle Ages?
They wanted a good afterlife.
86
Why do you think medieval people accepted without question what the church was telling them?
They believed the church knows everything about the religion. They wanted a good afterlife, and wanted to go to heaven, so they didn't question the church.
87
Why do you think people would want to become a Monk or Nun?
It would help the church, and they would go to heaven. They also learned the language.
88
Describe 3 ways in which the church was central to people’s lives?
They believed there situation was god’s will. They believed That they would die soon and there afterlife would count. God’s will was not to be questioned. The church gave people a sense of community.
89
The Church was the only organization at the time offering education. How did this role give the church power?
This made people come to the church, and people thought that the church knew everything.
90
What were the Crusades? Who was involved? What were they fighting over? What was the main purpose of the Crusades?
The crusades were battle for religion. Muslims, Jews, and Christians were involved. They wanted Jerusalem, because it was believed that it was a Holy place.
91
What did Europeans bring back from war?
They brought new ideas, and more foods, and exotic items. They also made easier pilgrim routes.
92
What two things did the Crusades lead to? Explain them.
Crusades led to the expansion of ideas as the people were exchanging ideas, and the expansion of exotic items as they Communicated with the foreign people.
93
What was the Bubonic Plague’s nickname?
The Black Death
94
One major cause of the plague was what and how did it spread?
One major cause were dead bodies laying around. It spread by infected more and more people.
95
How did the plague reach Europe?
China and Mongolia were having a war, so they gave diseases, and then they came by a boat, and that went into the people of Europe.
96
Why were the peasants revolting and in what did it happen?
The peasants were revolting in 1381 because The countries were fighting and the peasants weren't happy, especially with the higher tax and rents.
97
What was the result of the peasants’ revolt?
They killed many nobles, and burned down many manors.
98
How did the peasant revolt demonstrate a change in worldviews?
This made people think that peasants are human and have feeling, and have equal power as everyone else.
99
In what way did trade affect the worldviews of Europe?
They now thought that eh world is way more ahead of them. They also thought that teamwork can help.
100
What was exchanged along the Silk Road?
Jewels, rugs, silk, muslin, pepper, taffeta, and satin
101
Where was the silk road located?
It was located in Asia, Southern Europe, and Northern Africa.
102
Who was at the center of the silk road?
Kuch.
103
What was the Silk Road?
It was a trade route, where many people traded ideas and objects.
104
What, besides trade goods, passed along the trade routes?
Knowledge and ideas.
105
What goods did Italian merchants bring in by sea? Give examples.
Italian merchants brought jewels, rugs, and fabrics like silk, muslin, taffeta, and satin by sea.
106
What was the most valuable trade good?
The most valuable trade good was pepper
107
What goods did Europeans use to trade?
Europeans used to trade salt, iron, copper, lead, timber, fur, fish, wool.
108
How were these goods transported?
These goods were transported by camels, horses, and caravans
109
What factors contributed to the rise of trade between Western Europe and the East at the beginning of the Renaissance?
The Crusades led to the rise of trade because Europeans were exposed to new ideas by the muslims and they wanted to learn what the muslims had discovered. This even meant they were exposed to new things that the Europeans liked, like pepper. These things were only available at a certain spot and nowhere else. When Jacques came to Canada he knew the First Nations would do work to get fur and trade.
110
What impact might increase trade and business have on a society’s worldview? Link your answer to specific
The society would become richer and be more lazy. This means if the people were richer, they would make the poor people do work, but they would be rich soon, and then they would do the same as the rich people. This would even give an increase to new jobs like middlemen. The people would start getting jealous too like the poor people are jealous to some rich people today. This will even mean that the middlemen do no work and get money, the poor people would even do this.
111
Feudalism eventually collapses. What were the two major reasons for the collapse of feudalism? Do not just list the event, be sure to explain how it helped lead to the collapse of feudalism.
The Peasants' Revolt was one reason of the collapse of feudalism. This is a reason because if peasants don't like their lives then why would they work. Another reason is the Black Death. If there aren't a lot of serfs, governments can't stay.
112
Why did people's attitude towards the church begin to change? You should be able to list and explain two things.
People's attitude changes because of the Black Death. Now they were questioning why would god send this massive death. Another reason is that schools were open, so people didn't care about the church, as now they could learn from the schools.
113
How did The Black Death affect social structures
The people were now getting less and the people wanted more money, and the crops were failing. They needed more Serf but couldn't get them.
114
How did Changing Technology affect social structures
People didn't need the church telling people stuff. Now technology came and that was doing lots of things. The people didn't even have to follow each other.
115
How did Increase of wealth affect social structures
People could now afford lots of things, and the government couldn't provide things. The people were now just trading for more things now.
116
How did The Rise of towns affect social structures
Now people could communicate within shorter distances and they could talk more.
117
How did Knowledge from other cultures affect social structures
Now people could make there own things, and make their own discoveries. They didn't rely on each other.
118
How did The Crusades affect social structures
People were meeting new people and exchanging ideas.
119
How did affect The peasant revolt social structures
Now people didn't care about others as they all had power now.
120
Give 3 general reasons why the location of city-states in Italy were so successful.
They all had major cities in them.
They were all close to the rivers
They all had trading routes.
121
Explain why the Italian City-States became so powerful and important to the rest of Europe.
These city-states were important because now they had lots of power and can expand quickly. It was important because they had lots of technology, and they had a good system. They could even work with their country to expand.
122
Why was Italy seen as Europe’s Gateway to the East? How did increased trade lead to the emergence of powerful city-states in Italy?
Italy was seen as Europe's getaway to the East because it has lots of coast with the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean went to the east , and people preferred going by water. People preferred this because it was safer and it was easier.
123
What are the four reasons for economic success in the Italian City-States? Explain them.
Economic success in Italy was because many traders came to Italy to trade, and that gave the government a lot of money. Another reason was because of the banks. Italian banks were very successful. Climate was another reason because it was mild and many people wanted to move. Also leadership helped because the city-states had there own government. Social Organization was another reason because people moved to towns and they wanted to go to a higher position.
124
Florence
A city where it was a republic government. It was rich of arts. I had one ruler. One powerful banker came called the Medici. It owned many cities around it.
125
Genoa
It had a strong military. It was located on an island and it has walls around the city. beside it is a mountain range, and it eventually bought Constantinople, the richest city in Italy
126
Venice
Venice is the city that makes lots of art, and they made oil paints and made it popular. Many famous artists came to Venice.
127
Who was the Medici family? How were they so successful?
The Medici family was a family ruling Florence for so long. They were rich bankers.
128
What ideas from classical times (Greek and Roman times) helped shape the Renaissance humanist worldview? Give specific examples from the section.
The Humanists looked at the language and how to build aqueducts. They also learned about art and architecture. They started studying how the people lived during the Greek and Roman times.
129
How can thinkers and philosophers bring about change in society?
Philosophers went to churches and spread ideas to the people. Thinkers can explain to people and give proof to them.
130
What does the art of this time tell us about the Renaissance society?
These people loved each other, and they were discovering new ideas. They wanted to discover anatomy..
131
In what ways can shifts in ideas affect a society’s worldview? Give specific examples linked them to specific worldview elements.
People thought that First Nations were dumb, now we think they are innocent. This proves that shift in ideas can change our worldviews.
132
Why was the term Renaissance used for this time? What does it mean?
Renaissance means Rebirth of Ideas. This was called this because the people believed that this time was a whole new life.
133
What specific areas of the Greek and Roman civilizations did Renaissance humanists look at?
They looked at classic writings.
134
What three intercultural contacts lead to the Humanist Worldview?
Muslims, Greeks, and Romans
135
What are the four main beliefs of the humanist about the individual?
Human beings can use the power of reason, that is, thinking to find
truth for themselves.
It is important for a person to have an open, curious, and questioning mind.
People can achieve great things through learning.
Individuals should be skilled in many different areas. They should develop not just their minds but also their bodies and spirits.
136
What do civic humanists believe is important?
Education and History
137
What does the phrase “educating the whole child” mean?
“Educating the whole child” mean that when schools sent one teacher to teach a single child, they made the child have a curious, questioning attitude.
138
What were some new studies that were added during the Renaissance? Why do you think these studies were added?
Greek and Roman writings, physical training, ethics and morality (right behaviour), aesthetics (philosophy of beauty), manners and behaviour, history, eloquence (persuasiveness) Were added during the renaissance.
139
How was religion at this time different from the Middle Ages?
Religion was different during the renaissance compared to the Middle Ages because the the people emphasized the ideas and questioned the ideas and mostly believed the facts.
140
How is Renaissance art different from Medieval Art?
The renaissance art is different from Medieval Art because the painting had more detail and had more shadows and more realistic paintings
141
How was Time different between Middle ages and Renaissance
had clocks and woke up whenever they had work
142
How was Belief different between Middle ages and Renaissance
Middle ages trusted religion, Renaissance questioned everything
143
How was Geography different between Middle ages and Renaissance
Middle ages lived mostly in rural areas. Renaissance people lived in towns. People liked Italy too and moved there.
144
How was Knowledge different between Middle ages and Renaissance
Education had increased. People had individual teachers too.
145
How was Economy different between Middle ages and Renaissance
Kings were richest. Now Italy was richest. Taxes went to king in Middle ages, and guilds controlled prices. In the Renaissance People controlled prices. cities were richest.
146
How was Society different between Middle Ages and Renaissance
People in the Middle ages lived by feudalism. They also had assigned lands. People in the renaissance lived in democracy and they could own lands.
147
How did astronomy change during the Renaissance
People were now learning that the middle of the Solar system is the sun, and not Earth.
148
How did Medicine change during the renaissance?
They learned about new foods. They learned what the First Nation people were doing. They also learned more anatomy.
149
How did anatomy change during the Renaissance
They dissected bodies to teach students.
150
Why was the scientific method important
It was an easy way to study science
151
What new developments in math came about during the Renaissance
New mathematics were being discovered. EX. Algebra, zero, decimals, and more.
152
How was religion changing at this time?
People were questioning the church
153
What was a major criticism of the church?
The people were buying positions.
154
Explain the Protestant Reformation.
Luther made new ideas about Christianity and people started believing him. People changed the Protestant sect and people believed new ideas.
155
Explain the Catholic Counter-Reformation
The pope was making new rules and reviewing them.
156
How did information spread during this time?
philosophers spread ideas
157
Explain the three effects of the printing press and more books on the Renaissance.
The people were learning more about the First Nations and more about everything and how things look like.
158
increase trade and contact with the east lead to…
More idea exchange
159
increased trade within Europe lead to…
new exotic items in the rest of Europe
160
competition among the Italian city-states for power lead to...
MOre power in every city-state
161
Changing business practices and a focus on wealth lead to…
MOre wealth
162
What are some of the main ideas of Humanism? You should be able to list 4 or 5
they belived everyone should study alot. People should also follow religion more. They also belived that humans can do anything, and that before the fall of Rome there were great ideas.
163
How did Humanist thinkers bring about change in Renaissance society?
They gave inspiration, and the idea that humans coulddo anything.
164
What were Savonarola’s criticisms of the church and why do you think some church officials wanted to silence him?
He was not following religion
165
What impact did the printing press have on the spread of ideas?
The people could learn more and spread ideas quicker.
166
Explain the statement “Gold, Glory, God” in terms of the Age of Exploration.
People were finding new religions, more gold, and more natural beauties
167
Who were four Renaissance Explorers?
Henry, Gama, Columbus, and Dias
168
What would be some for the fears for these early explorers and their crews?
Not dying becasue of the long trip, and the ship not to sink.
169
What influence did the Renaissance have on the early explorers?
The expansion of knowledge, and the humanists
170
How did the Spice Trade help lead to the Age of Exploration?
People could follow one route to go to the Americas now.
171
Who was Prince Henry?
An explorer
172
What does the European treatment of people they came into contact with reveal about their worldview?
They thoguht they were superior
173
What attitude did Europeans have toward indigenous people they found in the new territories that partly resulted in imperialism?
They treated them like objects
174
hat was England and France’s response to this secret Treaty of Tordesilles?
They fought for land
175
in became the richest country in Europe for many years. How did Britain react to this wealth? What technology did the British create to take riches from the Spanish ships?
Britain took gold from the Spanish ships and took it for themselves. They used cannons.
176
Discuss the motivations for expansion
You get more power. You can also find more things in the ground. You can also get more taxes.
177
What factors might motivate a society to venture into unknown regions beyond its border?
The idea of exploring a new continent, or stealing land, or taking gold.
178
How can exploration and expansion affect the worldview of a society and the societies it comes into contact with? Link your answer to specific worldview elements.
People will think the world is the same and everywhere is the same. People will also think that people have the same timings of waking up and sleeping. People will also believe that the whole world is the same system-wise.
179
What is imperialism
To think you are superior
180
What is Expansionism
To expand
181
Give two reasons why the Europeans explored to expand trade.
To find more resources, and to have a variety of places to choose from ,and to have an abundance of things.
182
Give two reasons why Europeans explored to expand the gold supply.
To have an abundance of gold, and have different qualities of gold
183
Give two reasons why Europeans explored to expand Christianity.
So they could have a good afterlife
184
What are the two political reasons why Europeans wanted to expand?
To get richer, and to get more land
185
What four new tools helped Europeans have the means to explore?
Astrolabe, Map, Cross-staff, Back-staff, and compass
186
What happened when Europeans traveled East?
They got new ideas and they got to trade more
187
What was The Battle of Diu?
When Arabs battled Portugese for trading with indians
188
What happened with Europeans traveled West?
They got new land
189
Describe New Spain.
The South America Spain
190
What were the four results of European Imperialism?
Wealth, power, expansion, and ideas
191
Why did the Europeans see imperialism as a good thing?
They could expand and get more wealth
192
How was Queen Elizabeth a “true Renaissance monarch”?
She studied so much
193
How were Indigenous people different than Europeans?
Indegionous were close to nature
194
Explain how our worldview today is different than that of the Europeans in the 1400s?
We think things more easier
