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Social Studies 8 > The Renaissance > Flashcards

The Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

Allegiance

A

Loyalty to King

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

Bodily structure

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3
Q

Aqueducts

A

Water path that gives water. Built from stone

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4
Q

Astronomy

A

Information of the universe.

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5
Q

Beliefs

A

What people thought was true, but had no proof

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6
Q

Bills of Exchange

A

The Bill of Exchange was like a legal way that records that you traded something for something else.

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7
Q

Black Death

A

The Black Death was a plague that came and killed a third of Europe’s population

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8
Q

Christianity

A

A religion. Originated from the area of Jerusalem.

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9
Q

City-state

A

A city-state consists of a city that is politically independent
and the rural area around it.

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10
Q

Civic Humanism

A

People who tried to be a good person of society and they educated themselves

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11
Q

Classic civilizations

A

The Greek and Roman civilizations

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12
Q

Crusades

A

Fighting for religion

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13
Q

Cultural Contact

A

To connect ideas with your same culture.

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14
Q

Democracy

A

A system of government where the citizens vote for a leader and the leader make decisions

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15
Q

Excommunication

A

official exclusion from the Church.

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16
Q

Exploration

A

To discover new things.

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17
Q

Feudalism

A

People were in a ranked system, where the higher the rank the better the life. People were born in these positions.

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18
Q

Heresy

A

To not fit with rules and beliefs

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19
Q

Hierarchy

A

A system were people are in a ranked order.

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20
Q

Hinterland

A

Hinterlands are Lands that are not rural area and are away from lots of people.

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21
Q

Holy Land

A

A place related to religion. Jerusalem is an example.

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22
Q

Humanism

A

Looked at different cultures of ancient times and applying them

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23
Q

Indulgences

A

Certificates that reduced the time people would be punished for their sins after they died.

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24
Q

Islam

A

A religion where people belive in prophet Muhammad and that there is only one god named Allah. Originated from the Holy land of Jerusalem.

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25
Q

Isolation

A

To make something away and no one sees it.

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26
Q

Judaism

A

A religion. Originated from the Holy land of Jerusalem.

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27
Q

Manor/Fiefdoms

A

pieces of rural lands in the Middle ages.

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28
Q

Middle Ages

A

Before 14th century, and after the fall of Rome.

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29
Q

Monarchies

A

Monarchies are a government with a leader that rules the place.

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30
Q

Nobles

A

Knights that protected the fiefdoms, and protected the serfs. They had to swear the Oath of Allegience.

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31
Q

Oligarchy

A

a form of government in which a few people have the power

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32
Q

Patrons

A

Exchanged ideas or arts.

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33
Q

Peasants/Serfs

A

Had their own land in the manor. Most people were peasants.

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34
Q

perspective

A

How a person sees the world

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35
Q

Philosophers

A

A person who studies philosophy and questions how the world work.

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36
Q

Pilgrim

A

To go to a Holy place for religion purposes.

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37
Q

Renaissance

A

From 14th century to the Age of Exploration. The rise of humanity because of the Humanists.

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38
Q

Rural

A

Country life. Something that is not in cities.

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39
Q

Scientific Method

A

Contains 6 steps. Make an Observation, Then make a hypothesis, then a prediction. Then test your prediction. Then make a conclusion.

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40
Q

Silk Road

A

A major trading route.

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41
Q

Sovereignty

A

supreme power and authority; the freedom of a country or political unit from outside control

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42
Q

Trade

A

To give something, and get something in return.

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43
Q

Urbanization

A

To make lots of people live together.

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44
Q

Usury

A

Usury means the practice of charging interest when loaning money to someone,

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45
Q

Values

A

Something someone really thinks is important.

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46
Q

Vernacular

A

A book in many languages so people from every culture can understand

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47
Q

Worldview

A

How a person views the world

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48
Q

Tithe

A

The money that goes to the church.

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49
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A

This person believed that the life before the medival times were a time of glory. This person inspired people to research about the past.

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50
Q

Erasmus

A

He studied a lot, like a Humanist, and inspired people to study more.

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51
Q

Michel de Montaigne

A

French philosopher who believed that
people should behave honorable, respecting both themselves and others. He believed that friendship, love, and courage should form the basis of human actions. He inspired people in how they should live a good life.

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52
Q

Leonardo de Vinci

A

Designed tanks, planes, helicopter, automatic rifles

This let people think that anyone can do anything.

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53
Q

Donatello

A

He made beautiful sculptures and made people think that There are people that could make good sculptures.

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54
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

published theory that the sun is in the center of the Solar system and not the Earth. This let people believe that We always move and the Earth isn’t flat. This also let people thinks that Earth isn’t important and the sun is important.

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55
Q

Geoffery Chaucer

A

He wrote about the social and political circumstances of the time. This affected worldviews, because people thought that people can think different things then them.

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56
Q

Sir Tomas More

A

He was a good counsellor. He died for doing the right thing. This made people think that anyone can do anything. even right or wrong

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57
Q

Martin Luther

A

Martin Luther creates the 95 rules of the Roman Church. This affects worldviews of people because they would start questioning the religion. Is Christianity right, or is Martin Luther right? What if none are right?

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58
Q

Lorenzo de Medici

A

He was a powerful banker that helped Florence. He supported artists. This affected worldviews, because now people thought that there were even good people in the world.

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59
Q

Sir Francis Bacon

A

Scientific Method, and colonization of Virginia. This affected worldviews, because now they knew an easier way to do science.

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60
Q

Henry The Navigator

A

This person made many navigational instruments. This person affected worldviews because know people knew that going anywhere was easier, and they believe that people can do anything.

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61
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

This person discovered the Americas. He got the metal from America too. He affected worldviews because now people thought that if you try hard you get money.

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62
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

He went to South America and went around the coast. He named the Pacific Ocean. He went across it and came to Indonesia. This affected worldviews because now people learned that the world is round.

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63
Q

Francis Drake

A

Drake stole goods from Spanish ships and took them to his country. This person affected worldviews because now people knew that people can steal.

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64
Q

Queen Elizabeth I

A

This is a queen, and she was well Educated. when she was queen, England defeated Spain. This changed worldviews because people think that with a good plan, even wealth can’t win.

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65
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

He sailed around Africa to the Indian Ocean. He landed in India. This affected worldviews because he found a new route.

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66
Q

Eight worldviews

A

Geography, Time, Beliefs, Knowledge, Economy, Society, and Values

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67
Q

How Geography shapes a person’s worldview

A

They think that every where is like the place they live and can only relate to that. EX. if you live in Canada, you can’t really feel how hot it is in Africa.

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68
Q

How Time shapes a person’s perspective of the world

A

The person thinks that the whole world has the same schedule as they do. EX. While living in Canada you might think that everywhere the days are shorter in winter than summer.

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69
Q

How Beliefs shape a person’s perspective of the world.

A

People think that they are right and the other beliefs are dumb. EX. a Jewish person might this that Islam is not right.

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70
Q

How knowledge shapes a person’s perspective

A

When we learn something, we mostly think its easy. But before learning we think its hard. EX. We think 5x5 is easy. But to some kinder-gardeners, that may be hard.

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71
Q

How Economy shapes a person’s worldview.

A

We think that by our economy we are like everyone else. But this is not the case as people in some other counties

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72
Q

How Society shapes a person’s worldview

A

The person might think that Society is same and all people are same.

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73
Q

How values shape a person’s worldview

A

People think that everyone has the same values and it would be different to value something else.

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74
Q

When did the Middle Ages begin and with what event?

A

It started in 476 A.D. with the fall of Rome.

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75
Q

Why did Europe become such a violent place during the Early Middle Ages?

A

There were many wars

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76
Q

Who is thought to be a key figure in bringing stability to Europe? What event lead to the power of this figure and how did he bring stability?

A

William the Conqueror was important because he created the feudalism system.

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77
Q

Why is the feudalism hierarchy often drawn in a pyramid shape?

A

There are less people on the top, and more people on the bottom.

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78
Q

Feudalism involved obligations among various groups within the feudal hierarchy.

A

Serfs: Gave taxes to all levels
Knights: Gave protection to Serfs and followed the Ruler’s and King’s rules.
Rulers: Got taxes and controlled the knights. Was in Charge of the area.
Kings: Assigned rulers, and got taxes
Pope: told the king if the action was good in Christianity or not.

79
Q

What did Feudalism provide?

A

Feudalism provided everyone with protection and money.

80
Q

What did a lord’s strength depend on?

A

The more land, the more power

81
Q

What two things did a lord needed to defend his property and people?

A

Power, and a wall

82
Q

How could a regular serf escape from serfdom? Explain.

A

If they could escape and lived in a town for a year they could permanently escape

83
Q

How was life as a merchant different than peasant or lord?

A

A merchant was higher in status and can trade other things and have a few more rights. They couldn’t create laws but had more and could trade other stuff.

84
Q

How did a guild control society?

A

They set prices for things

85
Q

Why was religion so important to people living in the Middle Ages?

A

They wanted a good afterlife.

86
Q

Why do you think medieval people accepted without question what the church was telling them?

A

They believed the church knows everything about the religion. They wanted a good afterlife, and wanted to go to heaven, so they didn’t question the church.

87
Q

Why do you think people would want to become a Monk or Nun?

A

It would help the church, and they would go to heaven. They also learned the language.

88
Q

Describe 3 ways in which the church was central to people’s lives?

A

They believed there situation was god’s will. They believed That they would die soon and there afterlife would count. God’s will was not to be questioned. The church gave people a sense of community.

89
Q

The Church was the only organization at the time offering education. How did this role give the church power?

A

This made people come to the church, and people thought that the church knew everything.

90
Q

What were the Crusades? Who was involved? What were they fighting over? What was the main purpose of the Crusades?

A

The crusades were battle for religion. Muslims, Jews, and Christians were involved. They wanted Jerusalem, because it was believed that it was a Holy place.

91
Q

What did Europeans bring back from war?

A

They brought new ideas, and more foods, and exotic items. They also made easier pilgrim routes.

92
Q

What two things did the Crusades lead to? Explain them.

A

Crusades led to the expansion of ideas as the people were exchanging ideas, and the expansion of exotic items as they Communicated with the foreign people.

93
Q

What was the Bubonic Plague’s nickname?

A

The Black Death

94
Q

One major cause of the plague was what and how did it spread?

A

One major cause were dead bodies laying around. It spread by infected more and more people.

95
Q

How did the plague reach Europe?

A

China and Mongolia were having a war, so they gave diseases, and then they came by a boat, and that went into the people of Europe.

96
Q

Why were the peasants revolting and in what did it happen?

A

The peasants were revolting in 1381 because The countries were fighting and the peasants weren’t happy, especially with the higher tax and rents.

97
Q

What was the result of the peasants’ revolt?

A

They killed many nobles, and burned down many manors.

98
Q

How did the peasant revolt demonstrate a change in worldviews?

A

This made people think that peasants are human and have feeling, and have equal power as everyone else.

99
Q

In what way did trade affect the worldviews of Europe?

A

They now thought that eh world is way more ahead of them. They also thought that teamwork can help.

100
Q

What was exchanged along the Silk Road?

A

Jewels, rugs, silk, muslin, pepper, taffeta, and satin

101
Q

Where was the silk road located?

A

It was located in Asia, Southern Europe, and Northern Africa.

102
Q

Who was at the center of the silk road?

A

Kuch.

103
Q

What was the Silk Road?

A

It was a trade route, where many people traded ideas and objects.

104
Q

What, besides trade goods, passed along the trade routes?

A

Knowledge and ideas.

105
Q

What goods did Italian merchants bring in by sea? Give examples.

A

Italian merchants brought jewels, rugs, and fabrics like silk, muslin, taffeta, and satin by sea.

106
Q

What was the most valuable trade good?

A

The most valuable trade good was pepper

107
Q

What goods did Europeans use to trade?

A

Europeans used to trade salt, iron, copper, lead, timber, fur, fish, wool.

108
Q

How were these goods transported?

A

These goods were transported by camels, horses, and caravans

109
Q

What factors contributed to the rise of trade between Western Europe and the East at the beginning of the Renaissance?

A

The Crusades led to the rise of trade because Europeans were exposed to new ideas by the muslims and they wanted to learn what the muslims had discovered. This even meant they were exposed to new things that the Europeans liked, like pepper. These things were only available at a certain spot and nowhere else. When Jacques came to Canada he knew the First Nations would do work to get fur and trade.

110
Q

What impact might increase trade and business have on a society’s worldview? Link your answer to specific

A

The society would become richer and be more lazy. This means if the people were richer, they would make the poor people do work, but they would be rich soon, and then they would do the same as the rich people. This would even give an increase to new jobs like middlemen. The people would start getting jealous too like the poor people are jealous to some rich people today. This will even mean that the middlemen do no work and get money, the poor people would even do this.

111
Q

Feudalism eventually collapses. What were the two major reasons for the collapse of feudalism? Do not just list the event, be sure to explain how it helped lead to the collapse of feudalism.

A

The Peasants’ Revolt was one reason of the collapse of feudalism. This is a reason because if peasants don’t like their lives then why would they work. Another reason is the Black Death. If there aren’t a lot of serfs, governments can’t stay.

112
Q

Why did people’s attitude towards the church begin to change? You should be able to list and explain two things.

A

People’s attitude changes because of the Black Death. Now they were questioning why would god send this massive death. Another reason is that schools were open, so people didn’t care about the church, as now they could learn from the schools.

113
Q

How did The Black Death affect social structures

A

The people were now getting less and the people wanted more money, and the crops were failing. They needed more Serf but couldn’t get them.

114
Q

How did Changing Technology affect social structures

A

People didn’t need the church telling people stuff. Now technology came and that was doing lots of things. The people didn’t even have to follow each other.

115
Q

How did Increase of wealth affect social structures

A

People could now afford lots of things, and the government couldn’t provide things. The people were now just trading for more things now.

116
Q

How did The Rise of towns affect social structures

A

Now people could communicate within shorter distances and they could talk more.

117
Q

How did Knowledge from other cultures affect social structures

A

Now people could make there own things, and make their own discoveries. They didn’t rely on each other.

118
Q

How did The Crusades affect social structures

A

People were meeting new people and exchanging ideas.

119
Q

How did affect The peasant revolt social structures

A

Now people didn’t care about others as they all had power now.

120
Q

Give 3 general reasons why the location of city-states in Italy were so successful.

A

They all had major cities in them.
They were all close to the rivers
They all had trading routes.

121
Q

Explain why the Italian City-States became so powerful and important to the rest of Europe.

A

These city-states were important because now they had lots of power and can expand quickly. It was important because they had lots of technology, and they had a good system. They could even work with their country to expand.

122
Q

Why was Italy seen as Europe’s Gateway to the East? How did increased trade lead to the emergence of powerful city-states in Italy?

A

Italy was seen as Europe’s getaway to the East because it has lots of coast with the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean went to the east , and people preferred going by water. People preferred this because it was safer and it was easier.

123
Q

What are the four reasons for economic success in the Italian City-States? Explain them.

A

Economic success in Italy was because many traders came to Italy to trade, and that gave the government a lot of money. Another reason was because of the banks. Italian banks were very successful. Climate was another reason because it was mild and many people wanted to move. Also leadership helped because the city-states had there own government. Social Organization was another reason because people moved to towns and they wanted to go to a higher position.

124
Q

Florence

A

A city where it was a republic government. It was rich of arts. I had one ruler. One powerful banker came called the Medici. It owned many cities around it.

125
Q

Genoa

A

It had a strong military. It was located on an island and it has walls around the city. beside it is a mountain range, and it eventually bought Constantinople, the richest city in Italy

126
Q

Venice

A

Venice is the city that makes lots of art, and they made oil paints and made it popular. Many famous artists came to Venice.

127
Q

Who was the Medici family? How were they so successful?

A

The Medici family was a family ruling Florence for so long. They were rich bankers.

128
Q

What ideas from classical times (Greek and Roman times) helped shape the Renaissance humanist worldview? Give specific examples from the section.

A

The Humanists looked at the language and how to build aqueducts. They also learned about art and architecture. They started studying how the people lived during the Greek and Roman times.

129
Q

How can thinkers and philosophers bring about change in society?

A

Philosophers went to churches and spread ideas to the people. Thinkers can explain to people and give proof to them.

130
Q

What does the art of this time tell us about the Renaissance society?

A

These people loved each other, and they were discovering new ideas. They wanted to discover anatomy..

131
Q

In what ways can shifts in ideas affect a society’s worldview? Give specific examples linked them to specific worldview elements.

A

People thought that First Nations were dumb, now we think they are innocent. This proves that shift in ideas can change our worldviews.

132
Q

Why was the term Renaissance used for this time? What does it mean?

A

Renaissance means Rebirth of Ideas. This was called this because the people believed that this time was a whole new life.

133
Q

What specific areas of the Greek and Roman civilizations did Renaissance humanists look at?

A

They looked at classic writings.

134
Q

What three intercultural contacts lead to the Humanist Worldview?

A

Muslims, Greeks, and Romans

135
Q

What are the four main beliefs of the humanist about the individual?

A

Human beings can use the power of reason, that is, thinking to find
truth for themselves.
It is important for a person to have an open, curious, and questioning mind.
People can achieve great things through learning.
Individuals should be skilled in many different areas. They should develop not just their minds but also their bodies and spirits.

136
Q

What do civic humanists believe is important?

A

Education and History

137
Q

What does the phrase “educating the whole child” mean?

A

“Educating the whole child” mean that when schools sent one teacher to teach a single child, they made the child have a curious, questioning attitude.

138
Q

What were some new studies that were added during the Renaissance? Why do you think these studies were added?

A

Greek and Roman writings, physical training, ethics and morality (right behaviour), aesthetics (philosophy of beauty), manners and behaviour, history, eloquence (persuasiveness) Were added during the renaissance.

139
Q

How was religion at this time different from the Middle Ages?

A

Religion was different during the renaissance compared to the Middle Ages because the the people emphasized the ideas and questioned the ideas and mostly believed the facts.

140
Q

How is Renaissance art different from Medieval Art?

A

The renaissance art is different from Medieval Art because the painting had more detail and had more shadows and more realistic paintings

141
Q

How was Time different between Middle ages and Renaissance

A

had clocks and woke up whenever they had work

142
Q

How was Belief different between Middle ages and Renaissance

A

Middle ages trusted religion, Renaissance questioned everything

143
Q

How was Geography different between Middle ages and Renaissance

A

Middle ages lived mostly in rural areas. Renaissance people lived in towns. People liked Italy too and moved there.

144
Q

How was Knowledge different between Middle ages and Renaissance

A

Education had increased. People had individual teachers too.

145
Q

How was Economy different between Middle ages and Renaissance

A

Kings were richest. Now Italy was richest. Taxes went to king in Middle ages, and guilds controlled prices. In the Renaissance People controlled prices. cities were richest.

146
Q

How was Society different between Middle Ages and Renaissance

A

People in the Middle ages lived by feudalism. They also had assigned lands. People in the renaissance lived in democracy and they could own lands.

147
Q

How did astronomy change during the Renaissance

A

People were now learning that the middle of the Solar system is the sun, and not Earth.

148
Q

How did Medicine change during the renaissance?

A

They learned about new foods. They learned what the First Nation people were doing. They also learned more anatomy.

149
Q

How did anatomy change during the Renaissance

A

They dissected bodies to teach students.

150
Q

Why was the scientific method important

A

It was an easy way to study science

151
Q

What new developments in math came about during the Renaissance

A

New mathematics were being discovered. EX. Algebra, zero, decimals, and more.

152
Q

How was religion changing at this time?

A

People were questioning the church

153
Q

What was a major criticism of the church?

A

The people were buying positions.

154
Q

Explain the Protestant Reformation.

A

Luther made new ideas about Christianity and people started believing him. People changed the Protestant sect and people believed new ideas.

155
Q

Explain the Catholic Counter-Reformation

A

The pope was making new rules and reviewing them.

156
Q

How did information spread during this time?

A

philosophers spread ideas

157
Q

Explain the three effects of the printing press and more books on the Renaissance.

A

The people were learning more about the First Nations and more about everything and how things look like.

158
Q

increase trade and contact with the east lead to…

A

More idea exchange

159
Q

increased trade within Europe lead to…

A

new exotic items in the rest of Europe

160
Q

competition among the Italian city-states for power lead to…

A

MOre power in every city-state

161
Q

Changing business practices and a focus on wealth lead to…

A

MOre wealth

162
Q

What are some of the main ideas of Humanism? You should be able to list 4 or 5

A

they belived everyone should study alot. People should also follow religion more. They also belived that humans can do anything, and that before the fall of Rome there were great ideas.

163
Q

How did Humanist thinkers bring about change in Renaissance society?

A

They gave inspiration, and the idea that humans coulddo anything.

164
Q

What were Savonarola’s criticisms of the church and why do you think some church officials wanted to silence him?

A

He was not following religion

165
Q

What impact did the printing press have on the spread of ideas?

A

The people could learn more and spread ideas quicker.

166
Q

Explain the statement “Gold, Glory, God” in terms of the Age of Exploration.

A

People were finding new religions, more gold, and more natural beauties

167
Q

Who were four Renaissance Explorers?

A

Henry, Gama, Columbus, and Dias

168
Q

What would be some for the fears for these early explorers and their crews?

A

Not dying becasue of the long trip, and the ship not to sink.

169
Q

What influence did the Renaissance have on the early explorers?

A

The expansion of knowledge, and the humanists

170
Q

How did the Spice Trade help lead to the Age of Exploration?

A

People could follow one route to go to the Americas now.

171
Q

Who was Prince Henry?

A

An explorer

172
Q

What does the European treatment of people they came into contact with reveal about their worldview?

A

They thoguht they were superior

173
Q

What attitude did Europeans have toward indigenous people they found in the new territories that partly resulted in imperialism?

A

They treated them like objects

174
Q

hat was England and France’s response to this secret Treaty of Tordesilles?

A

They fought for land

175
Q

in became the richest country in Europe for many years. How did Britain react to this wealth? What technology did the British create to take riches from the Spanish ships?

A

Britain took gold from the Spanish ships and took it for themselves. They used cannons.

176
Q

Discuss the motivations for expansion

A

You get more power. You can also find more things in the ground. You can also get more taxes.

177
Q

What factors might motivate a society to venture into unknown regions beyond its border?

A

The idea of exploring a new continent, or stealing land, or taking gold.

178
Q

How can exploration and expansion affect the worldview of a society and the societies it comes into contact with? Link your answer to specific worldview elements.

A

People will think the world is the same and everywhere is the same. People will also think that people have the same timings of waking up and sleeping. People will also believe that the whole world is the same system-wise.

179
Q

What is imperialism

A

To think you are superior

180
Q

What is Expansionism

A

To expand

181
Q

Give two reasons why the Europeans explored to expand trade.

A

To find more resources, and to have a variety of places to choose from ,and to have an abundance of things.

182
Q

Give two reasons why Europeans explored to expand the gold supply.

A

To have an abundance of gold, and have different qualities of gold

183
Q

Give two reasons why Europeans explored to expand Christianity.

A

So they could have a good afterlife

184
Q

What are the two political reasons why Europeans wanted to expand?

A

To get richer, and to get more land

185
Q

What four new tools helped Europeans have the means to explore?

A

Astrolabe, Map, Cross-staff, Back-staff, and compass

186
Q

What happened when Europeans traveled East?

A

They got new ideas and they got to trade more

187
Q

What was The Battle of Diu?

A

When Arabs battled Portugese for trading with indians

188
Q

What happened with Europeans traveled West?

A

They got new land

189
Q

Describe New Spain.

A

The South America Spain

190
Q

What were the four results of European Imperialism?

A

Wealth, power, expansion, and ideas

191
Q

Why did the Europeans see imperialism as a good thing?

A

They could expand and get more wealth

192
Q

How was Queen Elizabeth a “true Renaissance monarch”?

A

She studied so much

193
Q

How were Indigenous people different than Europeans?

A

Indegionous were close to nature

194
Q

Explain how our worldview today is different than that of the Europeans in the 1400s?

A

We think things more easier

Social Studies 8 (3 decks)

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