The Refugee Crisis

Question 1

European Council in Tampere

Answer 1

• 1999
• Common migration policy
• Common European Asylum System

Question 2

The Hague Program

Answer 2

• 2004
• Asylum, migration and border policy
• Integration
• Legal migration and fight against illegal employment and immigration

Question 3

Stockholm Program

Answer 3

• 2010
• Confirms Hague Program
• Common procedure and uniform asylum status

The structure was developed before the crisis, it was not prepared for the flux of 2015

Question 4

Common migration and asylum policies

Answer 4

1. Legislation :
   - Qualifications Directive (defines refugee)
   - Asylum Procedure Directive (interview at border, written statement, right to appeal)
   - Dublin Regulations (you must apply in the country you enter the EU)
   - Irregular migration and return (Return and Readmission Directive and Frontex = border control)
2. Practical Cooperation - Harmonisation
3. External Dimension - Develop capacity and increase solidarity with external countries

Question 5

Borders and visa

Answer 5

• Schengen - Eliminates internal border controls in 25 EU countries = Mistrust and populism
• Common Visa Policy
• Frontex

Question 6

EU responses to refugee crisis

Answer 6

European Agenda on Migration :

• Prevent criminal exploitation of migrants
• Fight smugglers and illegal immigration
• Reinforce international solidarity and responsibility

European Agenda on Security - Disrupt organized crime

Relocation Plan - Spread the burden of refugees over each MS (but some MS refuse to take any)

Turkey Agreement - Break down burden of refugees coming from Turkey

2016 Referendum in Hungary - No solidarity

More Frontex

Question 7

Legal Migration

Answer 7

• Blue Card – approved EU-wide work permit for 3rd country nationals
• Student and researchers
• Family reunification
• Long term residents
• Seasonal workers
• Single Permit Directive: enable foreign workers to obtain work and residence permits via a single procedure (2011)

Question 8

Common European Asylum System

Answer 8

• Who is a refugee and who is not, how to establish it and what rights do they have
• Qualification Directive – who is and who is not a refuge?
• Asylum Procedures Directive
• Reception Conditions Directive
• Dublin Regulation – distribution system
• Eurodac Regulation – collection of fingerprints from refuges who apply
• Temporary Protection Directive
• EASO (European Asylum Support Office)