THE REFORMS IN CHURCH AND STATE 1789-91

Question 1

Where were the deputies of the Constituent Assembly now meeting?

Answer 1

Paris

Question 2

What were the series of reforms brought forward by the CA aimed at doing?

Answer 2

Removing the administrative chaos of the past

Question 3

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS

Answer 3

• France divided into 83 depts for election and local govt

- depts divided into districts, cantons and communes run by elected councils

Question 4

Why was more power devolved to local areas?

Answer 4

To prevent the monarchy regaining power

Question 5

How many districts, cantons and communes?

Answer 5

547
4800
44,0000

Question 6

POLITICAL REFORMS

Answer 6

• right to vote granted to active citizens

- passive citizens ineligible to vote

Question 7

How many active and passive citizens?

Answer 7

4 million active

3 million passive

Question 8

Who were eligible to be active citizens?

Answer 8

Men over 25 who paid equivalent of 3 days labour in local taxes

Question 9

TAXATION REFORMS

Answer 9

• everyone paid tax
  all paid land tax
• active citizens paid tax on moveable goods eg grain

Question 10

JUDICIAL REFORMS

Answer 10

• uniform system replaced previous courts
• Justice of Peace in each canton
• Trial by jury
• torture and mutilation abolished
• Justice free and equal to all

Question 11

CHURCH REFORMS

Answer 11

• state would own church property
• abuses like pluralism abolished
• clergy paid by state not the tithe
• clergy not providing education or charity work suppressed
• protestants given full rights

Question 12

What were many clergy particularly unhappy about?

Answer 12

Catholicism not being made the official religion of France

Question 13

When was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy made?

Answer 13

12 July 1790

Question 14

CIVIL CONSTITUTION OF THE CLERGY

Answer 14

• dioceses reorganised to fit in with the 83 new depts
• clerical posts other than bishops and parish priests abolished
• election to gain any clerical post

Question 15

When was the Clerical Oath?

Answer 15

27 November 1790

Question 16

THE CLERICAL OATH

Answer 16

• Deputies forced all clergy to take an oath to the Constitution

Question 17

Did the Pope approve of the reforms? What did this mean?

Answer 17

No, meant that over half the clergy refused the oath and were removed from their posts

Question 18

What were the clergy refusing the oath known as?

Answer 18

Non-juring / refractory

Question 19

Why did the Clerical Oath make a significant number of people oppose the revolution?

Answer 19

Church significantly divided as the Pope approved those who were non-juring, but patriots viewed them as rejecting the revolution
Religion clashed with revolution t

Question 20

ECONOMIC REFORM

Answer 20

• Deputies wanted laissez-faire
• internal customs barriers abolished
• guilds regulating the craft industries abolished
• assignats introduced to finance the government

Question 21

What were assignats backed by?

Answer 21

The sale of church land

Question 22

What did the sale of church land give?

Answer 22

Income for the government
people an interest in supporting revolution
clergy dependency upon the state for their salaries, must support

Question 23

SOCIAL REFORM

Answer 23

• unions banned
• strikes made illegal
• duty of the poor now viewed as duty of the state

Question 24

How many were begging?

Answer 24

2 million

Question 25

Why were assignats needed?

Answer 25

The government lacked the finance to do anything like care for the poor

Question 26

When was the law ending hereditary nobility?

Answer 26

June 1790

Question 27

When were parlements abolished?

Answer 27

September 1790