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Chemistry > The rate and extent of chemical change > Flashcards

The rate and extent of chemical change Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the rate of reaction?

A

The rate of a reaction is how fast the reactants are changed into products.

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2
Q

Give two examples of slow reactions

A

Rusting of Iron

Chemical weathering

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3
Q

Give one example of a moderate speed reaction

A

Magnesium metal reacting with an acid to produce a gentle stream of bubbles.

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4
Q

Give one example of a fast reaction

A

Burning

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5
Q

On a rate of reaction graph what does a line with a steep gradient mean?

A

The steeper the line the faster the reaction.

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6
Q

On a rate of reaction graph what does a line with a shallow gradient mean?

A

The shallower the line the slower the reaction

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7
Q

What do particles need in order to react?

A

Particles must collide with enough energy in order to react.

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8
Q

How are reaction rates explained perfectly?

A

The collision theory

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9
Q

What does a rate of reaction depend on?

A
  • The collision frequency of reacting particles, more collisions = faster reaction
  • Energy transferred during a collision, particles have to collide with enough energy for a collision to be successful.
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10
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy that particles need to react.

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11
Q

Why to particles need activation energy?

A

In order for the particles to have enough energy to break the bonds in the reactants and start the reaction.

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12
Q

What will the increasing amount of particle collisions mean?

A

Increasing number of particle collisions = increase in rate of reaction.

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13
Q

What four things does the rate of reaction depend on?

A

Temperature
Surface Area
The concentration of solution or pressure of gas
Presence of a catalyst

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14
Q

How does increasing the temperature effect the rate of the reaction?

A

Increasing the temperature = increase the rate of reaction

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15
Q

What happens to the particles when you increase the temperature of the reaction?

A

Increasing the temperature = particles all move faster = more energy = more successful collisions

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16
Q

How does increasing the concentration or pressure effect the rate of reaction?

A

Increasing the concentration or pressure = increasing the rate of reaction

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17
Q

What does a solution being more concentrated mean?

A

If a solution is more concentrated it means there are more particles in the same volume.

18
Q

What does a gas having more pressure mean?

A

When a gas has a higher pressure it means that there is the same number of particles but in a small;er space.

19
Q

What happens to the particles when you increase the concentration of the reaction?

A

There are more successful collisions because there are more particles in the same space so there is less space for the particles to spread out so they bang in to each other more frequently.

20
Q

What happens to the particles when you increase the pressure of the reaction?

A

When you increase the pressure there is less space for the particles to spread out so there are more successful collision because they bang into each other more frequently.

21
Q

How does increasing the surface area effect the rate of reaction?

A

Increasing the surface area = increasing the rate of the reaction.

22
Q

How do you increase a solids surface area to volume ratio?

A

By breaking the solid up into smaller pieces.

23
Q

What happens to the particles when you increase the surface area?

A

When you increase the surface area it means that for the same volume of the solid the particles around it have more area to work on- so there will be more successful collisions.

24
Q

How does using a catalyst effect the rate of reaction?

A

By using a catalyst it increases the rate of reaction.

25
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up in the reaction itself.

26
Q

What is the point of using a catalyst?

A

The catalyst is used to speed up a reaction by decreasing the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. The offer an alternate pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy.

27
Q

What is the equation for the rate of reaction?

A

Rate reaction = Amount of reactant used or amount of product formed / Time

28
Q

What are the three different ways you can measure the rate of reactions?

A

Precipitation and colour change
Change in mass
The volume of gas given off

29
Q

When is it appropriate to use precipitation or change in colour to measure the rate of the reaction?

A

It is appropriate when the initial solution is transparent and the product is a precipitate which clouds the solution.

30
Q

How do you measure the rate of reaction using precipitation and colour change?

A

You can observe a mark, that is under the flask, through the solution and measure how long it takes for it to disappear. The faster the mark disappears the quicker the reaction.

31
Q

How do you measure the rate of the reaction using precipitates and colour change if the reactants are coloured and the product is colourless or vise versa?

A

If the reactants are coloured and the products are colourless (or vice versa), you can time how long it takes for the solution to lose (or gain) its colour.

32
Q

What is a disadvantage of measuring the rate of reaction using precipitation or colour change?

A

The results are subjective, the times will differ depending on the person measuring the results.

33
Q

What is the advantage of measuring the rate of the reaction using precipitates and colour change?

A

You can plot a rate of reaction graph from the results.

34
Q

When measuring the rate of reaction using the change in mass, how do you measure the speed of a reaction that produce a gas?

A

Measuring the speed of a reaction that produces a gas can be carried out using a mass balance.

35
Q

When measuring the rate of reaction using the change in mass, how does it work?

A

A flask filled with the solution you are measuring with pieces of metal, that the solution will react with to create the gas, this is plugged with a cotton ball and is sat on measuring scales and you record the beginning mass. As the solution reacts with the metal gas is given off and decreasing the mass of solution. Time and record at regular intervals. The faster the drop in mass the faster the rate of reaction.

36
Q

What are the two advantages of measuring the rate of reaction using the change in mass?

A

It is the most accurate method of measuring the rate of reaction
You can plot it on a rate of reaction graph

37
Q

What is the disadvantage of measuring the rate of reaction using the change in mass?

A

There is a chance of the gas being released straight into the room instead of staying in the flask.

38
Q

What does measuring the rate of reaction using the volume of the gas given off involve?

A

This method involves using a gas syringe to measure the volume of the gas given off.

39
Q

How does the rate of reaction using the volume of gas given off work?

A

You have a flask with the solution in it as well as metal pieces with a bung on top, to stop the gas from escaping, it has a gap for the tube that attaches to the syringe. The more gas given off during the given time interval the faster the reaction. Plot at regular intervals.

40
Q

What is the advantage of measuring the rate of reaction using the volume of gas given off?

A

You can plot a rate of reaction graph

41
Q

What is the disadvantage of measuring the rate of reaction using the volume of gas given off?

A

If the reaction is to vigorous you can easily blow the plunger out the end of the syringe and it will destroy all the results of the experiment.

Chemistry (1 decks)

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