The quest for civil rights Flashcards
what was Malcolm X saying?
peruse equality and justice ‘by any means necessary
How did the black power movement start?
assassination of Malcom X and the urban riots of 1964 and ‘65
what was the Black Power idea?
the idea that black american should focus on creating, econ, social and political power on their own rather than seeking integration from a white society
what was the main difference between Malcom X and MLK
- Malcom X fought violently
- MLK was inspired by Gandhi and wanted to peacefully protest
- Malcom X didn’t want segregation
- MLK wanted segregation
what was the freedom summer and when was it
- 1964
- SNCC sent volunteers to the south to encourage black people to vote
- black people tried to vote but only some were accepted
- mass murders and violence
- volunteers disappeared and later found murdered
what was Birmingham and when was it
- 1963
- named bombingham
- tactic was to fill jails
- Bull Connor ordered to attack people with dogs and pressure hoses
- caught media attention
- black homes set on fire and bombed
- children trained
what did ‘bombingham’ lead towards
- pressed pressure of JFK to put forwards Civil Rights Act
- Led towards the march on Washington 1964
what was the role of the NAACP and when was it established
- established in 1909
- provided lawyers to black americans who were wrongly accused
- fought politically
when and what is ‘Brown V Board’ case?
- 1954
- outlawed segregation in public schools
- overturned the ‘separate but equal doctrine’
what was the negatives of the ‘Brown V Board’ case?
- formation of the ‘White Citizens Council’ the same year
- court had vague sayings of ‘with all deliberate speed’
what movement arose from the Black Power movement?
- back to Africa movement
what was the occupation of Alcatraz by the N.A and when was it?
- 1969-71
- forcibly ended by the US gov
- 19 month protest
- one 14yr old died
- Red Power activists wanted to reclaim the land- it was supposed to be given back but didn’t
who led the Alcatraz occupation and what happened to him
Richard Oakes, shot to death
What did AIM stand for and when did the protests take place
American Indian movement
- took place in 1969-71
What did the AIM protests consist of
- movement for Indian Rights
- response to police brutality and racial profiling
- AIM seized a replica of the mayflower in Boston Harbor 1970
declared Thanksgiving a national day of mourning
what was ‘The Longest Walk’ and when was it
- 1978
- 2800 mile trek for N.A justice
- called attention to issues affecting Native Americans like lack of jobs
- proposed legislation threatened Indians, would eliminate treaties and cut federal programs
what was the ‘Trail of Broken Treaties’
- AIM organisers wanted to draw attention to broken promises
- released 20 points of demands
- hundreds of N.A drove in caravans
what was the gov reaction to the ‘Trail of Broken Treaties’
NIXON- dismissed the 20 points but took the protest seriously
what and when were the freedom rides
1961
- 7 black and 6 white activists tested out the segregation of bus terminals
- deeper south= more oppression, mob attacked and threw a bomb
- riders escaped and badly beaten
what act did the freedom rides test
Boyton v Virginia
what was the gov response to the freedom rides
- pressure from Kennedy Administration caused gov to send out regulations prohibiting segregation
when did abraham lincoln sign the emancipation act
1863
what was the Harlem Renassiance
- reawakening of African American culture in art, history and literature
what period did the Harlem Renassiance take place
1918-37
