The Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards
What is the psycho dynamic approach about
This approach emphasises the active nature of mental processes and their role in shaping personalities and behaviour
Who developed the psycho dynamic approach
Sigmund Freud
What are the three key assumptions of the psychodynamic approach
- Human behaviour has unconscious causes that we are not aware of
- From birth human have a need to fulfil basic biological motivations
- childhood experiences are really important on the development of adult personality and psychological disorders
What are frauds three levels of consciousness
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
What is being conscious
This is what we are aware of at any given time
What is being preconscious
This is made up of memories that we can recall when we want to.
What is the unconscious
This is made up of extreme fears which cause us extreme anxiety and have therefore been repressed out of conscious awareness
What are Freudian slips
These are slips of the tongue believed to reveal a person’s secret thoughts from the unconscious
What are the three parts of the personality created by Freud
The ID
The EGO
The superego
What is the ID
This is a primitive part of our personality this, it operates on the pleasure principle, it is a mass of unconscious drives and instincts this is only present at birth
What is the Ego
Works on the reality principle and is the mediator between the ID and SUPEREGO. Makes the person aware of other peoples feelings. It’s role is to reduce the conflict between the demands of the ID & super ego.
What is the super Ego
Formed around the age of five and is our internalised sense of right and wrong, represents the moral standards of the child’s same sex parent and punishes the ego for wrong doing
Why is the relationship between the Ego - super ego - ID often seen as an ice berg
The tip of the ice berg conscious part of the mind made up of the ego and super ego.
Below the surface of the water the unconscious mind it made up of small amount of ID and ego but mostly the super ego
What are the three defence mechanisms used by the ego
Repression
Denial
Displacement
What is denial
you completely reject the thought of feeling and completely refuse of acknowledge some aspect of reality.
What is repression
forcing a distressing memory out of the mind. The go stops unwanted and painful thoughts from becoming conscious.
What is displacement
you transfer feelings from true sources of distressing emotion onto a substitute target. Negative impulse is redirected.
what are the five stages of psychosexual development in order
Oral - anal - phallic - latent - genital
What is the age of the oral stage and what characteristics are common
This should last from 0 - 18 months and include sucking behaviour
What is the age of the anal stage and what characteristics are common of it
It should last from 18 months to 3.5 years and is characterised by keeping of discarding faeces
What age is the phallic stage and what characteristics are common of it
This should last from 3.5 to 6 years and is characterised by a general fixation and the Oedipus and Electra complex
What age is the latent stage and what characteristics are common of it
This should last from 6 years to puberty and is characterised by repressed sexual urges
What age is the genital phase and what characteristics are common of it
This should last from puberty till adulthood and is characterised by awakened sexual urges
How can a child become fixated with a psychosexual stage
If a child doesn’t receive enough pleasure or too much pleasure during a stage they will become fixated on that stage