The Progressive Movement

Question 1

What period is the Progressive Era?

Answer 1

1897 – 1920

Question 2

Who is Boss tweed?

Answer 2

Boss Tweed, in full William Magear Tweed, erroneously called William Marcy Tweed, (born April 3, 1823, New York, New York, U.S.—died April 12, 1878, New York), American politician who, with his “Tweed ring” cronies, systematically plundered New York City of sums estimated at between $30 million and $200 million.

Question 3

What is the Pendleton Civil service act?

Answer 3

Pendleton Civil Service Act, (Jan. 16, 1883), landmark U.S. legislation establishing the tradition and mechanism of permanent federal employment based on merit rather than on political party affiliation (the spoils system).

Question 4

What did the Interstate Commerce Commission do?

Answer 4

The agency’s original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies.

Question 5

What was a goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?

Answer 5

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act authorized the federal government to institute proceedings against trusts in order to dissolve them. Any combination “in the form of trust or otherwise that was in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations” was declared illegal.

Question 6

What is social Darwinism and who created it?

Answer 6

The concept of Social Darwinism originated with English philosopher Herbert Spencer during the late 1800s. He based his ideas on the findings of scientist Charles Darwin, who developed the theory of evolution that species improved over time with the strongest triumphing over the weak.

Question 7

Why was the Progressive Era better than the Gilded Age?

Answer 7

The Progressive Era allowed the United States to develop greater on a social, political, and constitutional level, while the Gilded Age increased the economy. Problems created by industrialization were solved during the Progressive Era, under Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 8

What was the goal of the nativist movement?

Answer 8

Nativist groups were people who set out to prevent immigration. Their movement was targeted towards others groups that may change the way of the already-established American culture. In other words, they favored native-born Americans and did not appreciate new cultures and traditions immigrating to the United States.

Question 9

What was the Farmers Alliance Movement?

Answer 9

Farmers’ Alliance, an American agrarian movement during the 1870s and ’80s that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers through the creation of cooperatives and political advocacy. The movement was made up of numerous local organizations that coalesced into three large groupings.

Question 10

What was the main goal of the Populist movement?

Answer 10

The Populists were an agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country’s farmers and agrarian workers.

Question 11

What led to the rise of the Populist movement?

Answer 11

Farmers in the South and Midwest revolted against the Democratic and Republican Parties for ignoring their concerns and problems, resulting in the Populist movement. Charismatic or influential figures who present themselves as the “voice of the people” frequently lead populist parties and social movements.

Question 12

What did James B Weaver do for the Populist Party?

Answer 12

In Congress, he worked for expansion of the money supply and for the opening of Indian Territory to white settlement. As the Greenback Party fell apart, a new anti-big business third party, the People’s Party (“Populists”), arose. Weaver helped to organize the party and was their nominee for president in 1892.

Question 13

What happened in the 1894 Pullman strike?

Answer 13

Pullman Strike, (May 11, 1894–c. July 20, 1894), in U.S. history, widespread railroad strike and boycott that severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of the United States in June–July 1894. The federal government’s response to the unrest marked the first time that an injunction was used to break a strike.

Question 14

What did Coxey’s Army do?

Answer 14

To gain popular support, Coxey organized a United States Industrial Army (USIA) to march on Washington, D.C., in 1894 and demand that Congress legislate the jobs program into law. The “petition in boots,” as Coxey called it, became popularly known as Coxey’s Army.

Question 15

What was Coxey’s Army protesting for?

Answer 15

The purpose of the march, termed a “petition in boots”, was to protest the unemployment caused by the Panic of 1893 and to lobby for the government to create jobs which would involve building roads and other public works improvements, with workers paid in paper currency which would expand the currency in circulation, …

Question 16

What was Eugene V Debs known for?

Answer 16

Debs helped motivate the American left to organize political opposition to corporations and World War I. American socialists, communists, and anarchists honor his work for the labor movement and motivation to have the average working man build socialism without large state involvement.

Question 17

Was the gold standard during the Gilded Age?

Answer 17

The economic prosperity of the Gilded Age relied on railroads and banks, two industries which benefited from the gold standard, which tied the value of the dollar to that of gold. Until the 1870s, the U.S. used both gold and silver as benchmarks for money, but Congress demonetized silver with the Coinage Act of 1873

Question 18

What was the gold standard and why did it collapse?

Answer 18

1914 - The gold standard collapses

As the discount rate was not raised at the same rate as inflation, the speculation economy was encouraged. This pushed up inflation. As long as the metal standard remained, it functioned as an anchor for the value of money.

Question 19

What was the purpose of the Coinage Act?

Answer 19

The Coinage Act of 1792 established the U.S. dollar as the nation’s currency and created a mint for national coinage. During the Revolutionary War, both Congress and the states had the right to coin money and issue debt in order to fund their war efforts.

Question 20

Who got rid of the gold standard?

Answer 20

On April 20, President Roosevelt issued a proclamation that formally suspended the gold standard. The proclamation prohibited exports of gold and prohibited the Treasury and financial institutions from converting currency and deposits into gold coins and ingots.

Question 21

Who Cancelled the gold standard?

Answer 21

If those countries had decided to redeem their dollars for gold, the U.S. wouldn’t have had enough at $35 per ounce to do so. 6 This effectively ended what was left of the gold standard; in 1971, President Richard Nixon announced that dollars could no longer be redeemed for

Question 22

Why did Bryan lose the election of 1896?

Answer 22

His campaign focused on silver, an issue that failed to appeal to the urban voter, and he was defeated in what is generally seen as a realigning election. The coalition of wealthy, middle-class and urban voters that defeated Bryan kept the Republicans in power for most of the time until 1932.

Question 23

What is meant by the phrase New South?

Answer 23

The term “New South” refers to the economic shift from an exclusively agrarian society to one that embraced industrial development. Influential southerners such as Atlanta Constitution managing editor Henry W.

Question 24

What was the Kansas Exodus?

Answer 24

Kansas had fought to be a free state and, with the. As a result, between the late 1870s and early 1880s, more than 20,000 African Americans left the South for Kansas, the Oklahoma Territory, and elsewhere on the Great Plains in a migration known as the “Great Exodus.”

Question 25

What was the Kansas Exodus quizlet?

Answer 25

The Exodus of 1879 (also known as the Kansas Exodus and the Exoduster Movement) refers to the mass movement of African Americans from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century, and was the first general migration of blacks following the Civil War.

Question 26

What was the purpose of the poll tax?

Answer 26

The poll tax was essentially a lay subsidy, a tax on the movable property of most of the population, to help fund war. It had first been levied in 1275 and continued under different names until the 17th century. People were taxed a percentage of the assessed value of their movable goods.

Question 27

What is the main idea of Plessy v. Ferguson?

Answer 27

The Plessy v. Ferguson decision upheld the principle of racial segregation over the next half-century. The ruling provided legal justification for segregation on trains and buses, and in public facilities such as hotels, theaters, and schools.

Question 28

Why did John Marshall Harlan disagree with the majority?

Answer 28

Rather, his point of departure from the majority opinion was his belief that legally imposed segregation denied political equality. In a key passage of his dissent, Harlan stated: “The white race deems itself to be the dominant race in this country.

Question 29

When was separate but equal abolished?

Answer 29

One of the most famous cases to emerge from this era was Brown v. Board of Education, the 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision that struck down the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ and ordered an end to school segregation.

Question 29

When was separate but equal abolished?

Answer 29

One of the most famous cases to emerge from this era was Brown v. Board of Education, the 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision that struck down the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ and ordered an end to school segregation.

Question 30

What is lynching?

Answer 30

A lynching is the public killing of an individual who has not received any due process. These executions were often carried out by lawless mobs, though police officers did participate, under the pretext of justice.
Lynchings were violent public acts that white people used to terrorize and control Black people in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly in the South. Lynchings typically evoke images of Black men and women hanging from trees, but they involved other extreme brutality, such as torture, mutilation, decapitation, and desecration. Some victims were burned alive.

Question 31

What is the Lost Cause of the Confederacy?

Answer 31

Lost Cause, an interpretation of the American Civil War viewed by most historians as a myth that attempts to preserve the honour of the South by casting the Confederate defeat in the best possible light.

Question 32

Why did Daughters of the Confederacy erected statues?

Answer 32

During this period, more than 400 monuments were built as part of an organized strategy to reshape Civil War history. And this effort was largely spearheaded by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, who sponsored hundreds of statues, predominantly in the South in the early 20th century — and as recently as 2011.

Question 33

Why are they taking Confederate statues down?

Answer 33

The fight to get Confederate monuments removed had been gaining steam before 2020, but the racial and political reckoning accelerated calls for the removals. Many civil rights activists argued that structures were racist and offensive because they honored leaders who promoted the enslavement of Black Americans.

Question 34

What did Booker T Washington do and what were his beliefs?

Answer 34

Booker T. Washington, educator, reformer and the most influentional black leader of his time (1856-1915) preached a philosophy of self-help, racial solidarity and accomodation. He urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work and material prosperity

Question 35

What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe?

Answer 35

Du Bois believed that capitalism was a primary cause of racism, and he was generally sympathetic to socialist causes throughout his life. He was an ardent peace activist and advocated nuclear disarmament.

Question 36

What did Marcus Garvey believe in?

Answer 36

His brand of black nationalism had three components—unity, pride in the African cultural heritage, and complete autonomy. Garvey believed people of African descent could establish a great independent nation in their ancient homeland of Africa.

Question 37

What is Pan-Africanism?

Answer 37

Pan-Africanism, the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. There are many varieties of Pan-Africanism.

Question 37

What is Pan-Africanism?

Answer 37

Pan-Africanism, the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. There are many varieties of Pan-Africanism.

Question 38

What was A. Philip Randolph known for?

Answer 38

A. Philip Randolph was a labor leader and civil rights activist who founded the nation’s first major Black labor union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) in 1925. In the 1930s, his organizing efforts helped end both racial discrimination in defense industries and segregation in the U.S. armed forces

Question 39

Why did women fight for the temperance movement?

Answer 39

Women’s involvement seemed natural since the movement targeted men’s alcohol abuse and how it harmed women and children. At first, the Temperance Movement sought to moderate drinking, then to promote resisting the temptation to drink. Later, the goal became outright prohibition of alcohol sales.

Question 40

What is meant by first-wave feminism?

Answer 40

First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on securing women’s right to vote.

Question 41

What were 4 main points of the Monroe Doctrine?

Answer 41

Monroe made four basic points: (1) the United States would not interfere in European affairs; (2) the United States recognized and would not interfere with existing colonies in the Americas; (3) the Western Hemisphere was closed to future colonization; and (4) if a European power tried to interfere with any nation in …

Question 42

What was the purchase price of Alaska?

Answer 42

$7.2 million
On March 30, 1867, the two parties agreed that the United States would pay Russia $7.2 million for the territory of Alaska. For less that 2 cents an acre, the United States acquired nearly 600,000 square miles.

Question 42

What was the purchase price of Alaska?

Answer 42

$7.2 million
On March 30, 1867, the two parties agreed that the United States would pay Russia $7.2 million for the territory of Alaska. For less that 2 cents an acre, the United States acquired nearly 600,000 square miles.

Question 43

Why was it called the yellow press?

Answer 43

The term yellow journalism came from a popular New York World comic called “Hogan’s Alley,” which featured a yellow-dressed character named the “the yellow kid.” Determined to compete with Pulitzer’s World in every way, rival New York Journal owner William Randolph Hearst copied Pulitzer’s sensationalist style and even …

Question 44

Why was it called the yellow press?

Answer 44

Yellow journalism and yellow press are American terms for journalism and associated newspapers that present little or no legitimate, well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism.

Question 45

What is Pulitzer known for?

Answer 45

Joseph Pulitzer, (born April 10, 1847, Makó, Hungary—died October 29, 1911, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.), American newspaper editor and publisher who helped to establish the pattern of the modern newspaper. In his time he was one of the most powerful journalists in the United States.

Question 46

What was William Randolph Hearst known for?

Answer 46

William Randolph Hearst, (born April 29, 1863, San Francisco, California, U.S.—died August 14, 1951, Beverly Hills, California), American newspaper publisher who built up the nation’s largest newspaper chain and whose methods profoundly influenced American journalism.

Question 47

Why did the US want to annex Hawaii?

Answer 47

U.S. military leaders feared potential Japanese occupation of the islands and created a strategic naval base in the center of the Pacific. This provided enough fuel in Congress to pass annexation legislation, in order to save themselves from the perceived “threat of the Asiatics.” Hawaii was annexed in 1898.

Question 48

What happened in Havana Harbor Cuba?

Answer 48

On February 15, 1898, an explosion of unknown origin sank the battleship U.S.S. Maine in the Havana, Cuba harbor, killing 266 of the 354 crew members. The sinking of the Maine incited United States’ passions against Spain, eventually leading to a naval blockade of Cuba and a declaration of war.