the Problem of Evil ocr rs a level Flashcards
What is the Problem of Evil?
The Problem of Evil is a philosophical and theological dilemma that questions how an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good God can allow evil and suffering in the world.
True or False: The Problem of Evil only concerns moral evil.
False
Name the two main types of evil discussed in the Problem of Evil.
Moral evil and natural evil.
What is moral evil?
Moral evil refers to the suffering and harm caused by human actions, such as murder, theft, and lying.
What is natural evil?
Natural evil refers to suffering caused by natural events, such as earthquakes, floods, and diseases.
Fill in the blank: Theodicy is a response to the Problem of Evil that attempts to _____ the existence of evil.
justify
Who is known for the ‘free will defense’ in relation to the Problem of Evil?
Alvin Plantinga
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of theodicy? A) Free Will Defense B) Determinism C) Nihilism
A) Free Will Defense
What does the ‘free will defense’ argue?
It argues that God allows evil to exist because it is a necessary consequence of granting humans free will.
True or False: The Logical Problem of Evil asserts that the existence of God is logically incompatible with the existence of evil.
True
What is the Evidential Problem of Evil?
The Evidential Problem of Evil argues that the presence of evil provides strong evidence against the existence of an all-good, all-powerful God.
Fill in the blank: The philosopher J.L. Mackie is known for his arguments concerning the _____ Problem of Evil.
Logical
What is the primary question raised by the Problem of Evil?
How can a good and omnipotent God allow evil to exist?
Multiple Choice: Which philosopher argued that suffering can lead to greater goods? A) Epicurus B) John Hick C) Friedrich Nietzsche
B) John Hick
What is ‘soul-making theodicy’?
Soul-making theodicy suggests that suffering and challenges are necessary for spiritual growth and character development.
True or False: The Problem of Evil only poses a challenge to monotheistic religions.
False
What is the significance of the ‘Augustinian Theodicy’?
The Augustinian Theodicy claims that evil is a privation of good and that it entered the world through human sin.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘theodicy’ comes from the Greek words for _____ and _____ .
God; justice
Which biblical book is often cited in discussions of the Problem of Evil?
The Book of Job
What is the ‘Inconsistent Triad’?
The Inconsistent Triad is the idea that God is omnipotent, God is omnibenevolent, and evil exists, which cannot all be true at the same time.
Multiple Choice: Which philosopher is associated with the claim that ‘evil is necessary for good’? A) David Hume B) Thomas Aquinas C) John Stuart Mill
B) Thomas Aquinas
What is ‘process theology’ in relation to the Problem of Evil?
Process theology suggests that God is not all-powerful in the traditional sense and is affected by the world, thereby allowing for the existence of evil.
True or False: The Problem of Evil has remained a central issue in philosophy of religion.
True
What role does faith play in addressing the Problem of Evil?
Faith can provide comfort and hope, offering believers a perspective that transcends the existence of evil.
Fill in the blank: Theodicies that focus on the nature of God and His attributes are known as _____ theodicies.
philosophical
What is the ‘mystery of evil’ as proposed by some theologians?
The mystery of evil suggests that human understanding is limited, and some aspects of evil may be beyond human comprehension.
True or False: The Problem of Evil has no practical implications for believers.
False
Who is known as the father of Western philosophy?
Socrates
True or False: Plato was a student of Aristotle.
False
What is the main idea of Aristotle’s virtue ethics?
Virtue lies in finding the mean between extremes.
Fill in the blank: The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant is known as __________.
Transcendental Idealism
What is the concept of ‘the categorical imperative’ associated with?
Immanuel Kant
Which philosopher is famous for the statement ‘I think, therefore I am’?
René Descartes
What does utilitarianism primarily focus on?
Maximizing overall happiness or pleasure.
Who are the two main figures associated with the development of utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
True or False: Friedrich Nietzsche advocated for the concept of ‘the will to power’.
True
What is the primary focus of existentialism?
Individual freedom and choice.
Which philosopher is known for the idea of ‘the absurd’?
Albert Camus
Fill in the blank: John Locke is associated with the philosophy of __________.
Empiricism
What is the main focus of social contract theory?
The legitimacy of political authority and the agreement among individuals to form a society.
Who proposed the concept of the ‘noble savage’?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which philosopher’s work is titled ‘Being and Time’?
Martin Heidegger
True or False: David Hume is known for his skepticism regarding human understanding.
True
What does the term ‘dialectic’ refer to in Hegelian philosophy?
The process of development through contradiction and resolution.
Who is the philosopher associated with the phrase ‘God is dead’?
Friedrich Nietzsche
What is the primary concern of feminist philosophy?
Gender equality and the critique of traditional philosophical perspectives.
Fill in the blank: The philosophy of pragmatism emphasizes __________.
Practical consequences and real effects.
Who is known for the concept of ‘the social contract’?
Thomas Hobbes
What is the main idea of Stoicism?
Virtue is based on knowledge and the wise live in harmony with the divine reason.
True or False: Simone de Beauvoir is known for her work on existentialism and feminism.
True
What is the primary focus of postmodern philosophy?
Critique of grand narratives and objective truths.
Who is the founder of the philosophy of analytic philosophy?
Bertrand Russell
What does ‘epistemology’ study?
The nature and scope of knowledge.
