The President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing Flashcards
1
Q
When did President Barack Obama sign the executive order establishing the Task Force on 21st Century Policing? (Pg1)
A
December 18. 2014
Executive Summary
2
Q
Law enforcement cannot build community trust if it is seen as an _______ coming in from outside to impose control on the community. (Pg1)
A
occupying force
3
Q
Law enforcement culture should embrace a _______—rather than a _______—mindset to build trust and legitimacy both within agencies and with the public. (Pg1)
A
- guardian
2. warrior
4
Q
Law enforcement agencies should adopt _______ as the guiding principle for internal and external policies and practices. (Pg1)
A
procedural justice
5
Q
Law enforcement agencies should also establish a culture of _______ and _______ to build public trust and legitimacy. (Pg1)
A
- transparency
2. accountability
6
Q
Law enforcement agencies should have clear and comprehensive policies on what topics? _______ (Pg2)
A
- use of force (including training on the importance of de-escalation);
- mass demonstrations (including the appropriate use of equipment; particularly rifles and armored personnel carriers);
- consent before searches;
- gender identification;
- racial profiling; and
- performance measures.
7
Q
Law enforcement and communities should establish _______ separate from criminal and administrative investigations. (Pg2)
A
civilian oversight mechanisms
8
Q
The International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Training (IADLEST) to expand its _______ to serve as the National Register of _______ with the goal of covering all agencies within the United States and its territories. (Pg2)
A
- National Decertification Index
2. Decertified Officers
9
Q
law enforcement agencies should develop and adopt policies and strategies that reinforce the importance of _______ in managing public safety. (Pg3)
A
community engagement
10
Q
Every law enforcement officer should be provided with _______ and training as well as _______. (Pg4)
A
- individual tactical first aid kits
2. anti-ballistic vests
11
Q
Who said; “When any part of the American family does not feel like it is being treated fairly; that’s a problem for all of us.” (Pg5)
A
President Barack Obama
12
Q
In establishing the task force; the President spoke of the distrust that exists between too many police departments and too many communities—the sense that in a country where our basic principle is equality under the law; too many individuals; particularly _______; do not feel as if they are being treated fairly. (Pg5)
A
young people of color
13
Q
People are more likely to obey the law when they believe those who are enforcing it have the right—_______—to tell them what to do. (Pg5)
A
the legitimate authority
14
Q
The President should promote programs that take a comprehensive and inclusive look at _______ that address the core issues of _______; _______; _______; and _______.(Pg8)
A
- community-based initiatives
- poverty
- education
- health
- safety
15
Q
The public confers legitimacy only on those they believe are acting in _______. (Pg9)
A
procedurally just ways
16
Q
Procedurally just behavior is based on four central principles: (Pg10)
A
- Treating people with dignity and respect
- Giving individuals “voice” during encounters
- Being neutral and transparent in decision making
- Conveying trustworthy motives
17
Q
An _______ is a conscious bias about certain populations based upon race; gender; socioeconomic status; sexual orientation; or other attributes. (Pg10)
A
explicit bias
18
Q
1.1 Recommendation: Law enforcement culture should embrace a guardian mindset to build public _______. Toward that end; police and sheriffs’ departments should adopt _______ as the guiding principle for internal and external policies and practices to guide their interactions with the citizens they serve. (Pg11)
A
- trust and legitimacy
2. procedural justice
19
Q
The missions and rules of engagement are completely different. The soldier’s mission is that of a warrior: to _______. The rules of engagement are decided before the battle. The police officer’s mission is that of a guardian: to _______. (Pg11)
A
- conquer
2. protect
20
Q
_______ is more likely to conform to culture than rules. (Pg12)
A
Behavior
21
Q
1.2 Recomendation: Law enforcement agencies should acknowledge the role of policing in past and present injustice and discrimination and how it is a hurdle to the promotion of _______. (Pg12)
A
community trust
22
Q
1.2 Recomendation: Law enforcement agencies should acknowledge the role of policing in past and present injustice and discrimination and how it is a hurdle to the promotion of _______. (Pg12)
A
community trust
23
Q
1.2.1 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice should develop and disseminate _______ that provide examples where past injustices were publicly acknowledged by law enforcement agencies in a manner to help build community trust. (Pg12)
A
case studies
24
Q
1.3 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should establish a culture of _______ in order to build public trust and legitimacy. This will help ensure decision making is understood and in accord with stated policy. (Pg12)
A
transparency and accountability
25
1.3.1 Action Item: To embrace a culture of _______ ; law enforcement agencies should make all department policies available for public review and regularly post on the department’s website information about stops; summonses; arrests; reported crime; and other law enforcement data aggregated by _______. (Pg13)
1. transparency
| 2. demographics
26
1.3.2 Action Item: When serious incidents occur; including those involving alleged police misconduct; agencies should communicate with citizens and the media swiftly; openly; and neutrally; respecting areas where the law requires _______. (Pg13)
confidentiality
27
1.4 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should promote legitimacy internally within the organization by applying the principles of _______. (Pg14)
procedural justice
28
Research shows that agencies should also use tools that encourage employee and supervisor collaboration and foster strong relationships between supervisors and employees. A more effective agency will result from a real partnership between the chief and the _______ and a shared approach to public safety. (Pg14)
staff
29
1.4.1 Action Item: In order to achieve _______; law enforcement agencies should involve employees in the process of developing policies and procedures. (Pg14)
internal legitimacy
30
1.4.2 Action Item: Law enforcement agency leadership should examine opportunities to incorporate procedural justice into the _______; placing additional importance on values adherence rather than adherence to rules. Union leadership should be partners in this process. (Pg14)
internal discipline process
31
1.5 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should proactively promote public trust by initiating positive _______ activities to engage communities that typically have high rates of investigative and enforcement involvement with government agencies. (Pg14)
nonenforcement
32
In order to achieve external legitimacy; law enforcement agencies should involve _______ in the process of developing and evaluating policies and procedures. (Pg15)
the community
33
1.5.2 Action item: Law enforcement agencies should institute _______incentive programs such as _______Officer Programs. (Pg15)
1. residency
| 2. Resident
34
1.5.3 Action item: Law enforcement agencies should create opportunities in _______ for positive nonenforcement interactions with police. Agencies should also publicize the beneficial outcomes and images of positive; trust-building partnerships and initiatives. (Pg15)
schools and communities
35
1.5.4 Action Item: Use of physical control equipment and techniques against vulnerable populations—including children; elderly persons; pregnant women; people with physical and mental disabilities; limited English proficiency; and others—can undermine public trust and should be used _______ . Law enforcement agencies should carefully consider and review their policies towards these populations and adopt policies if none are in place. (Pg16)
as a last resort
36
1.6 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should consider the potential damage to public trust when implementing _______ . (Pg16)
crime fighting strategies
37
1.6.1 Action item: Research conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of crime fighting strategies should specifically look at the potential for _______ of any given strategy on community trust and legitimacy. (Pg16)
collateral damage
38
1.7 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should track _______ by their communities just as they measure changes in crime. Annual community surveys; ideally standardized across jurisdictions and with accepted sampling protocols; can measure how policing in that community affects public trust. (Pg16)
the level of trust in police
39
1.7.1 Action Item: The Federal Government should develop survey tools and instructions for use of such a model to prevent local departments from incurring the expense and to allow for _______. (Pg16)
consistency across jurisdictions
40
1.8 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should strive to create a workforce that contains a broad range of diversity including race; gender; language; life experience; and cultural background to improve understanding and effectiveness in dealing with _______. (Pg16)
all communities
41
It is also important to recognize that diversity means not only race and gender but also the genuine diversity of _______ ; _______ ; and _______ that has been found to help improve the culture of police departments and build greater trust and legitimacy with all segments of the population. (Pg17)
1. identity
2. experience
3. background
42
1.8.1 Action Item: The Federal Government should create a _______ designed to help communities diversify law enforcement departments to reflect the demographics of the community. (Pg17)
Law Enforcement Diversity Initiative
43
1.8.2 Action item: The department overseeing this initiative should help localities learn _______ for recruitment; training; and outreach to improve the diversity as well as the cultural and linguistic responsiveness of law enforcement agencies. (Pg17)
best practices
44
1.8.3 Action item: Successful law enforcement agencies should be highlighted and celebrated and those with less diversity should be offered _______ to facilitate change. (Pg17)
technical assistance
45
1.8.4 Action item: Discretionary federal funding for law enforcement programs could be influenced by that department’s _______ to improve their diversity and cultural and linguistic responsiveness. (Pg18)
efforts
46
1.8.5 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should be encouraged to explore more flexible _______. (Pg18)
staffing models
47
1.9 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should build relationships based on _______ with immigrant communities. This is central to overall public safety. (Pg18)
trust
48
1.9.1 Action item: Decouple _______ from routine local policing for civil enforcement and nonserious crime. (Pg18)
federal immigration enforcement
49
1.9.2 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should ensure reasonable and equitable _______ for all persons who have encounters with police or who enter the criminal justice system. (Pg18)
language access
50
1.9.3 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice should not include civil immigration information in the FBI’s _______. (Pg18)
National Crime Information Center database
51
2.1 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should collaborate with community members to develop policies and strategies in communities and neighborhoods disproportionately affected by crime for deploying resources that aim to _______ by improving relationships; greater community engagement; and cooperation. (Pg20)
reduce crime
52
2.1.1 Action Item: The Federal Government should incentivize this collaboration through a variety of programs that focus on public health; education; mental health; and other programs not traditionally part of the _______. (Pg 20)
criminal justice system
53
2.2 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should have comprehensive policies on the use of force that include training; investigations; prosecutions; data collection; and information sharing. These policies must be clear; concise; and openly available for _______. (Pg20)
public inspection
54
2.2.1 Action Item: Law enforcement agency policies for training on use of force should emphasize _______ and alternatives to arrest or summons in situations where appropriate. (Pg20)
de-escalation
55
2.2.2 Action Item: These policies should also _______external and independent criminal investigations in cases of police use of force resulting in death; officer-involved shootings resulting in injury or death;or in-custody deaths. (Pg21)
mandate
56
2.2.3 Action Item: The task force encourages policies that mandate the use of external and independent _______ in cases of police use of force resulting in death; officer-involved shootings resulting in injury or death; or in-custody deaths. (Pg21)
prosecutors
57
2.2.4 Action Item: Policies on use of force should also require agencies to collect; maintain; and report data to _______ on all officer-involved shootings; whether fatal or nonfatal; as well as any in-custody death. (Pg21)
the Federal Government
58
2.2.5 Action Item: Policies on _______ should clearly state what types of information will be released; when; and in what situation; to maintain transparency. (Pg22)
use of force
59
2.2.6 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should establish a Serious Incident Review Board comprising _______ and _______ to review cases involving officer involved shootings and other serious incidents that have the potential to damage community trust or confidence in the agency. The purpose of this board should be to identify any administrative; supervisory; training; tactical; or policy issues that need to be addressed. (Pg22)
1. sworn staff
| 2. community members
60
2.3 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies are encouraged to implement _______ of critical incidents separate from criminal and administrative investigations. ( Pg22)
nonpunitive peer review
61
2.4 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies are encouraged to adopt _______ that implement scientifically supported practices that eliminate or minimize presenter bias or influence. (Pg23)
identification procedures
62
2.5 Recommendation: All federal; state; local; and tribal law enforcement agencies should report and make available to the public census data regarding the composition of _______ including race; gender; age; and other relevant demographic data. (Pg24)
their departments
63
2.5.1 Action Item: The Bureau of Justice Statistics should add additional demographic questions to the _______ (LEMAS) survey in order to meet the intent of this recommendation. (Pg24)
Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics
64
2.6 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should be encouraged to collect; maintain; and analyze _______ on all detentions (stops; frisks; searches; summons; and arrests). This data should be disaggregated by school and non-school contacts. (Pg24)
demographic data
65
2.6.1 Action Item: The Federal Government could further incentivize _______ and other organizations to partner with police departments to collect data and develop knowledge about analysis and benchmarks as well as to develop tools and templates that help departments manage data collection and analysis. (Pg25)
universities
66
2.7 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should create policies and procedures for policing mass demonstrations that employ a continuum of managed tactical resources that are designed to minimize the appearance of a military operation and avoid using provocative tactics and equipment that _______. (Pg25)
undermine civilian trust
67
2.7.1 Action Item: Law enforcement agency policies should address procedures for implementing a layered response to mass demonstrations that prioritize de-escalation and a _______ mindset. (Pg25)
guardian
68
2.7.2 Action Item: The Federal Government should create a mechanism for investigating complaints and issuing sanctions regarding the inappropriate use of _______ and _______ during mass demonstrations. (Pg25)
1. equipment
| 2. tactics
69
2.8 recommendation: Some form of civilian oversight of law enforcement is important in order to strengthen trust with the community. Every community should define the appropriate form and structure of civilian oversight to meet _______. (Pg26)
the needs of that community
70
2.8.1 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice; through its research arm; the National Institute of Justice (NIJ); should expand its research agenda to include _______ . (Pg26)
civilian oversight
71
2.8.2 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of _______ (COPS Office) should provide technical assistance and collect best practices from existing civilian oversight efforts and be prepared to help cities create this structure; potentially with some matching grants and funding. (Pg26)
Community Oriented Policing Services
72
2.9 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies and municipalities should refrain from practices requiring officers to issue a predetermined number of tickets; citations; arrests; or summonses; or to initiate investigative contacts with citizens for reasons not directly related to _______ ; such as generating revenue. (Pg26)
improving public safety
73
2.10 recommendation: Law enforcement officers should be required to seek consent before a search and explain that a person has _______ when there is no warrant or probable cause. Furthermore; officers should ideally obtain written acknowledgement that they have sought consent to a search in these circumstances. (Pg27)
the right to refuse consent
74
2.11 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should adopt policies requiring officers to identify themselves by their full name; rank; and command (as applicable) and provide that information _______ . In addition; policies should require officers to state the reason for the stop and the reason for the search if one is conducted. (Pg27)
in writing to individuals they have stopped
75
2.11.1 Action Item: One example of how to do this is for law enforcement officers to carry _______ containing their name; rank; command; and contact information that would enable individuals to offer suggestions or commendations or to file complaints with the appropriate individual; office; or board. These cards would be easily distributed in all encounters. (Pg27)
business cards
76
2.12 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should establish search and seizure procedures related to LGBTQ and transgender populations and adopt as policy the recommendation from the President’s Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA) to cease using the possession of _______ as the sole evidence of vice. (Pg28)
condoms
77
2.13 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should adopt and enforce policies _______ based on race; ethnicity; national origin; religion; age; gender; gender identity/expression; sexual orientation; immigration status; disability; housing status; occupation; or language fluency. (Pg28)
prohibiting profiling and discrimination
78
2.13.1 Action Item: The Bureau of Justice Statistics should add questions concerning sexual harassment of and misconduct toward community members; and in particular _______ and _______ ; by law enforcement officers to the Police Public Contact Survey. (Pg28)
1. LGBTQ
| 2. gender-nonconforming people
79
2.13.2 Action Item: The _______ should add questions concerning sexual harassment of and misconduct toward community members; and in particular LGBTQ and gender-nonconforming people; by law enforcement officers to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey. (Pg28)
Centers for Disease Control
80
2.13.3 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice should promote and disseminate guidance to federal; state; and local law enforcement agencies on _______ ; _______ ; and _______ sexual harassment and misconduct by local law enforcement agents; consistent with the recommendations of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. (Pg28)
1. documenting
2. preventing
3. addressing
81
2.14 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice; through the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services and Office of Justice Programs; should provide technical assistance and incentive funding to jurisdictions with small police agencies that take steps towards _______ ; _______ ; and _______. (Pg28)
1. shared services
2. regional training
3. consolidation
82
Half of all law enforcement agencies in the United States have fewer than _______ officers; and nearly three-quarters have fewer than _______ officers. (Pg29)
1. ten
| 2. 25
83
2.15 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice; through the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services; should partner with the International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Training (IADLEST) to expand its National Decertification Index to serve as the National Register of Decertified Officers with the goal of _______ within the United States and its territories. (Pg29)
covering all agencies
84
2.15 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice; through the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services; should partner with the International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Training (IADLEST) to expand its National Decertification Index to serve as the National Register of Decertified Officers with the goal of _______ within the United States and its territories. (Pg29)
covering all agencies
85
A national register would effectively treat “police professionals the way states’ licensing laws treat _______ . If anything; the need for such a system is even more important for law enforcement; as officers have the power to make arrests; perform searches and _______ .”
1. other professionals
| 2. use deadly force.
86
3.1 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice; in consultation with the law enforcement field; should broaden the efforts of the National Institute of Justice to establish national standards for the research and development of new technology. These standards should also address compatibility and interoperability needs both within law enforcement agencies and across agencies and jurisdictions and maintain _______ . (Pg33)
civil and human rights protections
87
3.1.1 action item: The Federal Government should support the development and delivery of training to help law enforcement agencies learn; acquire; and implement technology tools and tactics that are consistent with _______ . (Pg34)
the best practices of 21st century policing
88
3.1.2 action item: As part of national standards; the issue of technology’s impact on privacy concerns should be addressed in accordance with protections provided by _______ . (Pg34)
constitutional law
89
3.1.3 action item: Law enforcement agencies should deploy smart technology that is designed to prevent _______ or _______ of evidence in violation of policy. (Pg34)
1. the tampering with
| 2. manipulating
90
3.2 Recommendation: The implementation of appropriate technology by law enforcement agencies should be designed _______ and aligned with national standards. (Pg35)
considering local needs
91
3.2.1 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should encourage _______ and collaboration; including the use of community advisory bodies; when developing a policy for the use of a new technology. (Pg35)
public engagement
92
3.2.2 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should include _______ to gauge the effectiveness of any new technology; soliciting input from all levels of the agency; from line officer to leadership; as well as assessment from members of the community. (Pg35)
an evaluation or assessment process
93
3.2.3 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should adopt the use of new technologies that will help them better serve people with _______ . (Pg35)
special needs or disabilities
94
3.3 Recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should develop best practices that can be adopted by _______ to govern the acquisition; use; retention; and dissemination of auditory; visual; and biometric data by law enforcement. (Pg35)
state legislative bodies
95
3.3.1 Action Item: As part of the process for developing best practices; the U.S. Department of Justice should consult with civil rights and civil liberties organizations; as well as law enforcement research groups and other experts; concerning the _______ that can arise as a result of the use of new technologies. (Pg36)
constitutional issues
96
3.3.2 Action Item: The _______ should create toolkits for the most effective and constitutional use of multiple forms of innovative technology that will provide state; local; and tribal law enforcement agencies with a one-stop clearinghouse of information and resources. (Pg36)
U.S. Department of Justice
97
3.3.3 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should review and consider the Bureau of Justice Assistance’s (BJA) _______ to assist in implementing BWCs. (Pg36)
Body Worn Camera Toolkit
98
3.4 recommendation: Federal; state; local; and tribal legislative bodies should be _______ to update public record laws. (Pg36)
encouraged
99
3.5 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should adopt model policies and best practices for _______ community engagement that increases community trust and access. (Pg36)
technology-based
100
3.6 Recommendation: The Federal Government should support the development of new _______ technology to help control combative suspects. (Pg37)
“less than lethal”
101
3.6.1 Action Item: Relevant federal agencies; including the U.S. Departments of Defense and Justice; should expand their efforts to study the development and use of new less than lethal technologies and evaluate their impact on _______ ; _______ ; _______ ; and _______ . (Pg38)
1. public safety
2. reducing lethal violence against citizens
3. constitutionality
4. officer safety
102
3.7 Recommendation: The Federal Government should make the development and building of _______ and _______ by FirstNet for exclusive use by local; state; tribal; and federal public safety agencies a top priority. (Pg39)
1. segregated radio spectrum
| 2. increased bandwidth
103
4.1 Recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should develop and adopt policies and strategies that reinforce the importance of _______ in managing public safety. (Pg42)
community engagement
104
4.1.1 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should consider adopting preferences for seeking “least harm” resolutions; such as _______ or _______ in lieu of arrest for minor infractions.
1. diversion programs
| 2. warnings and citations
105
4.2 recommendation: _______ should be infused throughout the culture and organizational structure of law enforcement agencies. (Pg43)
Community policing
106
4.2.1 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should evaluate officers on their efforts to _______. Making this part of the performance evaluation process places an increased value on developing partnerships. (Pg44)
engage members of the community and the partnerships they build
107
4.2.2 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should evaluate their patrol deployment practices to allow sufficient time for patrol officers to _______ . (Pg44)
participate in problem solving and community engagement activities
108
4.2.3 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice and other public and private entities should support research into the factors that have led to dramatic successes in crime reduction in some communities through the infusion of _______ and to determine replicable factors that could be used to guide law enforcement agencies in other communities. (Pg44)
non-discriminatory policing
109
4.3 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should engage in multidisciplinary; _______ for planning; implementing; and responding to crisis situations with complex causal factors. (Pg44)
community team approaches
110
4.3.1 Action Item: The _______ should collaborate with others to develop and disseminate baseline models of this crisis intervention team approach that can be adapted to local contexts. (Pg44)
U.S. Department of Justice
111
4.3.2 Action Item: Communities should look to involve _______ as part of multidisciplinary teams when appropriate. Persons who have experienced the same trauma can provide both insight to the first responders and immediate support to individuals in crisis. (Pg44)
peer support counselors
112
4.3.3 Action Item: Communities should be encouraged to evaluate the efficacy of these crisis intervention team approaches and hold _______ accountable for outcomes. (Pg44)
agency leaders
113
4.4 recommendation: Communities should support a culture and practice of policing that reflects the _______ and _______ ; especially the most vulnerable. (Pg44)
1. values of protection
| 2. promotion of the dignity of all
114
4.4.1 Action Item: Because _______ can escalate a minor situation; law enforcement agencies should underscore the importance of language used and adopt policies directing officers to speak to individuals with respect. (Pg45)
offensive or harsh language
115
4.4.2 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should develop programs that create opportunities for _______ to regularly interact with neighborhood residents; faith leaders; and business leaders. (Pg45)
patrol officers
116
4.5 recommendation: Community policing emphasizes working with neighborhood residents to co-produce _______ . Law enforcement agencies should work with community residents to identify problems and collaborate on implementing solutions that produce meaningful results for the community. (Pg45)
public safety
117
4.5.1 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should schedule regular forums and meetings where all _______ can interact with police and help influence programs and policy. (Pg46)
community members
118
4.5.2 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should engage ________ and communities in joint training with law enforcement; citizen academies; ride-alongs; problem solving teams; community action teams; and quality of life teams. (Pg46)
youth
119
4.5.3 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should establish formal _______ to assist in developing crime prevention strategies and agency policies as well as provide input on policing issues. (Pg46)
community/citizen advisory committees
120
4.5.4 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should adopt _______ that support and work in concert with economic development efforts within communities. (Pg46)
community policing strategies
121
4.6 recommendation: Communities should adopt policies and programs that address the needs of children and youth most at risk for crime or violence and _______ that stigmatize youth and marginalize their participation in schools and communities. (Pg47)
reduce aggressive law enforcement tactics
122
4.6.1 Action Item: Education and criminal justice agencies at all levels of government should work together to reform _______ that push children into the juvenile justice system. (Pg47)
policies and procedures
123
4.6.2 Action Item: In order to keep youth in school and to keep them from criminal and violent behavior; law enforcement agencies should work with schools to encourage the creation of alternatives to student suspensions and expulsion through _______ ; diversion; counseling; and family interventions. (Pg48)
restorative justice
124
4.6.3 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should work with schools to encourage the use of alternative strategies that involve youth in _______ ; such as restorative justice; youth courts; and peer interventions. (Pg48)
decision making
125
4.6.4 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should work with schools to adopt an instructional approach to discipline that uses _______ or _______ to help students develop new behavior skills and positive strategies to avoid conflict; redirect energy; and refocus on learning. (Pg48)
1. interventions
| 2. disciplinary consequences
126
4.6.5 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should work with schools to develop and monitor school discipline policies with input and collaboration from school personnel; students; families; and community members. These policies should prohibit the use of corporal punishment and _______ . (Pg48)
electronic control devices
127
4.6.6 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should work with schools to create a continuum of developmentally appropriate and proportional consequences for addressing ongoing and escalating student misbehavior after all appropriate _______ have been attempted. (Pg48)
interventions
128
4.6.7 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should work with communities to play a role in programs and procedures to _______ juveniles back into their communities as they leave the juvenile justice system. (Pg48)
reintegrate
129
4.6.8 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies and schools should establish memoranda of agreement for the placement of School Resource Officers that limit police involvement in _______ . (Pg48)
student discipline
130
4.6.9 Action Item: The Federal Government should assess and evaluate zero tolerance strategies and examine the role of reasonable discretion when dealing with adolescents in consideration of their stages of _______ . (Pg48)
maturation or development
131
4.7 recommendation: _______ need to affirm and recognize the voices of youth in community decision making; facilitate youth-led research and problem solving; and develop and fund youth leadership training and life skills through positive youth/police collaboration and interactions. (Pg49)
Communities
132
4.7.1 Action Item: Communities and law enforcement agencies should restore and build trust between youth and police by creating programs and projects for _______ ; _______ ; and _______ interaction between youth and police. (Pg50)
1. positive
2. consistent
3. persistent
133
4.7.2 Action Item: _______ should develop community- and school-based evidence-based programs that mitigate punitive and authoritarian solutions to teen problems. (Pg50)
Communities
134
5.1 recommendation: The Federal Government should support the development of partnerships with _______ across the country to promote consistent standards for high quality training and establish training innovation hubs. (Pg53)
training facilities
135
5.1.1 Action Item: The training innovation hubs should develop replicable model programs that use adult-based learning and scenario-based training in a training environment modeled less like _______ . Through these programs the hubs would influence nationwide curricula; as well as instructional methodology. (Pg53)
boot camp
136
5.1.2 Action Item: The training innovation hubs should establish partnerships with _______ to develop rigorous training practices; evaluation; and the development of curricula based on evidence-based practices. (Pg53)
academic institutions
137
5.1.3 Action Item: The Department of Justice should build a stronger relationship with the _______ (IADLEST) in order to leverage their network with state boards and commissions of Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST). (Pg54)
International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement
138
5.2 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should engage _______ in the training process. (Pg54)
community members
139
5.3 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should provide _______ to all personnel throughout their careers. (Pg54)
leadership training
140
5.3.1 Action Item: Recognizing that strong; capable leadership is required to create _______ ; the U.S. Department of Justice should invest in developing learning goals and model curricula/training for each level of leadership. (Pg54)
cultural transformation
141
5.3.2 Action Item: The Federal Government should encourage and support partnerships between law enforcement and academic institutions to support a culture that _______ and the integration of current research into the development of training; policies; and practices. (Pg55)
values ongoing education
142
5.3.3 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice should support and encourage _______ leadership training. (Pg55)
cross-discipline
143
5.4 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should develop; in partnership with institutions of higher education; a national postgraduate institute of policing for _______ with a standardized curriculum preparing them to lead agencies in the 21st century. (Pg55)
senior executives
144
5.5 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should instruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation to modify the curriculum of the _______ to include prominent coverage of the topical areas addressed in this report. In addition; the COPS Office and the Office of Justice Programs should work with law enforcement professional organizations to encourage modification of their curricula in a similar fashion. (Pg56)
National Academy at Quantico
145
5.6 recommendation: POSTs should make _______ a part of both basic recruit and in-service officer training. (Pg56)
Crisis Intervention Training (CIT)
146
5.6.1 Action Item: Because of the importance of this issue; _______should appropriate funds to help support law enforcement crisis intervention training. (Pg56)
Congress
147
5.7 recommendation: POSTs should ensure that basic officer training includes lessons to improve _______ as well as tactical skills. (Pg56)
social interaction
148
5.8 recommendation: POSTs should ensure that basic recruit and in-service officer training include curriculum on the disease of _______ . (Pg57)
addiction
149
5.9 recommendation: POSTs should ensure both basic recruit and in-service training incorporates content around recognizing and confronting _______ and cultural responsiveness. (Pg58)
implicit bias
150
5.9.1 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should implement ongoing; top down training for all officers in cultural diversity and related topics that can build trust and legitimacy in diverse communities. This should be accomplished with the assistance of _______ that represent the viewpoints of communities that have traditionally had adversarial relationships with law enforcement. (Pg58)
advocacy groups
151
5.9.2 Action Item: Law enforcement agencies should implement training for officers that covers policies for interactions with the LGBTQ population; including issues such as determining gender identity for arrest placement; the Muslim; Arab; and South Asian communities; and immigrant or non-English speaking groups; as well as reinforcing policies for the prevention of _______. (Pg58)
sexual misconduct and harassment
152
5.10 recommendation: POSTs should require both basic recruit and in-service training on policing in a _______ society. (Pg59)
democratic
153
5.11 recommendation: The Federal Government; as well as state and local agencies; should encourage and incentivize _______ for law enforcement officers. (Pg59)
higher education
154
5.11.1 Action Item: The Federal Government should create a loan repayment and forgiveness incentive program specifically for _______ . (Pg59)
policing
155
5.12 recommendation: The Federal Government should support research into the development of technology that enhances scenario-based training; social interaction skills; and enables the dissemination of _______ for law enforcement. (Pg60)
interactive distance learning
156
5.13 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should support the development and implementation of improved _______ programs. (Pg60)
Field Training Officer
157
5.13.1 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice should support the development of broad Field Training Program standards and training strategies that address _______ and organizational procedural justice issues that agencies can adopt and customize to local needs. (Pg60)
changing police culture
158
5.13.2 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice should provide _______ to incentivize agencies to update their Field Training Programs in accordance with the new standards. (Pg60)
funding
159
6.1 recommendation: The _______ should enhance and further promote its multi-faceted officer safety and wellness initiative. (Pg63)
U.S. Department of Justice
160
6.1.1 Action Item: Congress should establish and fund a national _______ warning system. (Pg63)
“Blue Alert”
161
6.1.2 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice; in partnership with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; should establish a task force to study _______ issues unique to officers and recommend tailored treatments. (Pg63)
mental health
162
6.1.3 Action Item: The Federal Government should support the continuing research into the efficacy of _______ mental health check for officers; as well as fitness; resilience; and nutrition. (Pg64)
an annual
163
6.1.4 Action Item: Pension plans should recognize _______ examinations as definitive evidence of valid duty or non-duty related disability. (Pg64)
fitness for duty
164
6.1.5 Action Item: Public Safety Officer Benefits (PSOB) should be provided to survivors of _______ ; regardless of whether the officer used safety equipment (seatbelt or anti-ballistic vest) or if officer death was the result of suicide attributed to a current diagnosis of duty-related mental illness; including but not limited to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (Pg64)
officers killed while working
165
6.2 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should promote _______ and wellness at every level of the organization. (Pg65)
safety
166
6.2.1 Action Item: Though the Federal Government can support many of the programs and best practices identified by the U.S. Department of Justice initiative described in recommendation 6.1; the ultimate responsibility lies with _______ . (Pg65)
each agency
167
6.3 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should encourage and assist departments in the implementation of scientifically supported _______ by law enforcement. (Pg65)
shift lengths
168
6.3.1 Action Item: The U.S. Department of Justice should fund additional research into the efficacy of limiting the total number of hours an officer should work within a _______ period; including special findings on the maximum number of hours an officer should work in a high risk or high stress environment (e.g. public demonstrations or emergency situations). (Pg65)
24–48-hour
169
6.4 recommendation: Every law enforcement officer should be provided with individual _______ and training as well as anti-ballistic vests. (Pg66)
tactical first aid kits
170
6.4.1 Action Item: _______ should authorize funding for the distribution of law enforcement individual tactical first aid kits. (Pg66)
Congress
171
6.4.2 Action Item: _______should reauthorize and expand the Bulletproof Vest Partnership (BVP) program. (Pg66)
Congress
172
6.5 recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should expand efforts to collect and analyze data not only on officer deaths but also on injuries and _______ . (Pg67)
“near misses”
173
6.6 recommendation: Law enforcement agencies should adopt policies that require officers to wear _______ and provide training to raise awareness of the consequences of failure to do so. (Pg67)
seat belts and bullet-proof vests
174
6.7 recommendation: Congress should develop and enact _______ error management legislation. (Pg67)
peer review
175
6.8 recommendation: The _______ should provide technical assistance opportunities for departments to explore the use of vehicles equipped with vehicle collision prevention “smart car” technology that will reduce the number of accidents. (Pg68)
U.S. Department of Transportation
176
7.1 Recommendation: The President should direct all _______ to review the recommendations made by the Task Force on 21st Century Policing and; to the extent practicable; to adopt those that can be implemented at the federal level. (Pg69)
federal law enforcement agencies
177
7.2 Recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should explore _______ partnership opportunities; starting by convening a meeting with local; regional; and national foundations to discuss the proposals for reform described in this report and seeking their engagement and support in advancing implementation of these recommendations. (Pg69)
public-private
178
7.3 Recommendation: The U.S. Department of Justice should charge its Office of _______ (COPS Office) with assisting the law enforcement field in addressing current and future challenges. (Pg69)
Community Oriented Policing Services
