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the presidency Flashcards

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1
Q

what are teh powers given to the preciadent via the US consitution called

A

enumarated powers

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2
Q

from what part of the consitution the the US president get their powers

A
  • artical 2
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3
Q

what are the powers of the US president that are not in the us consitution called

A

implied powers

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4
Q

List the enumerated powers of the presidency

9

A
  • comander and cheif of the armed forces
  • The power of the pardon
  • negotiate treaties - needs 2/3 senate confirmation
  • appointments - needs senate confirmation
    1. cabinet ( the execuative )
    2. ambasiders
    3. federal judges
  • cheif of the executive
  • Recess Appointments
  • head of state (more a seromonial role)
  • veto legislation
    1. there needs to be a congressional super majority to overide this
  • sign legistation
  • to conveen or adjurn congress (extraordinary circumstances)
  • state of the union adress
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5
Q

what is a federal judge ?

A

serves for federal levl courts

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6
Q

give an example of the precident using the power of the pardon honerably

A
  • Obama in 2014 a numbre of non violent drug offenses with long term setenses ( especially towards black american) ( e.g. possetion of majwana)
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7
Q

give an example of the precident using their power as comander and cheif within their powers ( recent )

A
  • Trump withdrew forces from northern syria in october of 2019
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8
Q

give an example of the precident using their power of appointments

A

Biden appointed assosiate supream court justice kentanji brown jackson in 2022 and her appointment was confirmed in 2022

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9
Q

give an example of the precident using their power to prepose legislation

A

at the start of his second term Obama used his state of teh union adress to premote his policy preosals on job creation, imigration reform, gun controle and increasing teh federal minimum wage as well as AHA for his first term

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10
Q

give an example of the precident using their power of the veto ineffectively

A
  • National Defense Authorization Act 2021 this would force trump to inform congress on any millitary action he intended to take before hand
  • he vetoed the legistlation however his veto was overideen in the senate - depite being republican
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11
Q

give an example of the precedent using their power of the veto effectively

A
  • trump anf the “Iran War Powers Resolution act” - 2020
  • this act was mean to limmit his powers over millatry forces in iran but he succesfully vetoed it
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12
Q

what is a pocket veto

A
  • if a piece of legistation is given to POTAS in the last ten days of a congressional session, he can “leave it on his desk” and not sign teh bill
  • this will mean it will not become law as it is srapped once congress ajurnes
  • Barack Obama pocket vetoed the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA)
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13
Q

where does the VP get there power

A
  • The VP’s powers/role is foramlly codified in the US consitution ( artical 2)
  • They also run for office along side teh president in an election so tehy ahev a direct mandate from teh people
  • however teh 26th amendment allows for POTUS to appoint a new vise president if the current office were to becoem vecant. they just need a majority to confirm this inthe senate ( this has happened twise)
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14
Q

what are the enumerated powers of the VP + examples

A
  • the preciding officer of the senate (this is a job the VP rarely performes)
  • they have the tie breaking vote in the senate
    1. for example camilla harris acst 26 tie breaking votes from 2020-22 the third highest ever as the senate was devided 50/50
  • anouncing the result of teh electoral collage votes
    1. mike pense anouncing Biden as POTUS in 2020 despite the presure from republicans
  • the vise president becomes the president on the removal, resigantion or death of the current president and compeets their term in office
    1. e.g. when Nixson regisned in 1974 after the watergate scandle and was then pardoned by his VP Ford
  • tehy also become acting president if the current president is disbeled
    1. e.g. camilla harris in 2022 when biden was under general anasetheic
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15
Q
  • who was Trumps VP ?
  • who is bidens VP ?
  • who was obamas VP ?
A
  • Mike pense
  • camilla harris
  • joe Biden
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16
Q

who was the islamic leader and possible terroris Trump has assasimated but did not tell congress about ? when did this happen ? and what failed act did it trigger ?

A
  • Quasem Solimani ( in Iraq but was an aranian officer )
  • 2020
  • The Iran war powers resolution act that trump vetoed
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17
Q

what are recess appointments

A

potus can fill Vacancies in roles that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, however the Commissions shall expire at the End of their next Session.

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18
Q

how many resses appointments did obama make

A

Obana made 32

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19
Q

what does convene mean

A
  • to gather together ( e.g to convene congress or infomation)
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20
Q

what does adjurn mean

A

to break off with the intention of resuming it later

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21
Q

give an example of the presiadent using his power to convene ajurnedcongress

A
  • he has never ajurned congress
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22
Q

How does the US cabinet/ execuative get their power

A
  • There is a singular exeuative in the form of POTUS in the US
  • therefore cabinet is appointed by POTUS and serves at the pleasure of them
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23
Q

what is the advantage of the US system in terms of the execuativ branch

A
  • policy specialist are recruited rather than careas politicians
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24
Q

give an example of a US policy specialist heading a gocernment department

A
  • 4 star general Lloyd Austin is bidens secuartry of densfense
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24
Q

give an example of a US policy specialist heading a gocernment department

A
  • 4 star general Lloyd Austin is bidens secuartry of densfense
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25
Q

how many formal cabinet posts are there and unofficial

A

15 official departments + 9 cabinet level positions

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26
Q

How offeten do Us cabinet meeting occure + examples + rellivance

A
  • rarely: its mainly done as a pto op, to present big picture ireams, to convene between bif departments and to exhange info
    1. Bush famoisly only met his cabinet evey 2 years
    2. biden has only met his cabinet 1 tiem
  • relevance: significance of the difference of ministers of the crown vs single execrative
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27
Q

Whats the presiadent’s body that is more important than the cabinet

A
  • EXOP- execuative office of the president
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28
Q

What 2 factors are most important in cabinet appointments + example

A
  • expertise and qualifications
    1. lloyd Austin bidens sec of defense and a 4 star millitary jurnal
  • ballencing the social profile of cabinet (more for the democrats)
    1. bidens cabinet is the first 50/50 gender cabinet and its makup ruffly is representative of the us population. For instance Deb Haaland is the secuartry of the interior and a female native american
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29
Q

give 3 example of biden ballencing the social profile of his cabinet

A
  • Deb Haaland is the secuartry of the interior and a female native american
  • 50/50 male female
  • nera tanden’s replacement nomination for dirrector of the OMB because of her offensive tweets was very controversual. She was a native american an her replacement was affrican american sherlanda young
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30
Q

what type of power is cabinets power

A
  • its an impied power of the precidency and tehy get they power via the president
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31
Q

Why, when and by who was exop invented

A
  • FDR in 1920 as a resonec to the great depressiona nd governement departemenst growing
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32
Q

what are the impoetant subdepartmenst of exop

A
  • the white house office
  • the cheif of staff
  • OMB- the office of mangement on budget
  • NSC- national security counsil
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33
Q

what does OMB stand for and what is it

A
  • officially its a part of EXOP but is important enough to be a cabinet post and its head si confirmed by teh senate
  • it stands for the office of mangent of budget
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34
Q

who is the current head of the OMB

A
  • Shlander young
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35
Q

what doe steh cheif of staff do

A
  • deside what reports end up on the presidence desk
  • comunicates with other staff mebours and departments on behalf of the president
  • ( basiclly the hardestjob in the white house)
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36
Q

whos bidens cheif of staff ?

A

Ron Klain

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37
Q

what is the NSC and what does it do ?

A
  • the national security counsil
  • incharge of national security, military, and foreign policy matters
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38
Q

whats the issue with EXOP

A
  • they are uneleted official running the country with argually more power than the government departments as they are closer to the president, (in the white house)
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39
Q

how is US cabinet differnt to the UK + so whats (essay plan)

A

signugar executive vs ministers of the crown
* POTUS is teh sigular executtive in teh US as Artical 2 of teh cosnitution vests all execuative powers in them so they are able to act unilateryy if they so please in terms of executive powers . However the UK the priminister is asked to form a cabinet through the royal perogative powers. Therefore all cabinet ministers are ministers of the crown and ahve to come to a collective dession under the rules of collective reponcabillity.
* this is significant as it means that the president is able to act unilaterlly interms of their executive role, and ignore the wll / insights of their heads of state. where as (in most cases) the Uk exeutive (particullarly cabinet) have to act as a whole.
1. President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement on climate change. Despite the advice and recommendations from his Secretary of State at the time, Rex Tillerson, who supported the U.S. remaining in the agreement, President Trump announced the country’s withdrawal in June 2017- (fired but not till mid 2018)
2. ministers in the uk must resign under the rules of collective responcibillity if they cant stop or support gov dession - borris and david davis 2019 checkers

appointments
* inthe Uk there is fusion of powers vs seperation of powers in the US. This means that cabinet ministers are pooled from the legislatur in the Uk, selected by teh PM. however in the Us POTUS appoints minsiters dirrectly from the electorate and they cant be a part of any other branch
* significance: policy specialist vs carea politicians
1. for exmpel, before being PM liz truss was a carea politician working her ay though diffent important cabinet posts. She had 5 in total.
2. conversly in the US for exapel, lloyd austin who is bidens sec of defense had no prior political expirence but was a 4 star general.

differnt powers
* fusion vs sepertion of powers also give UK ministers and electoral madate for action and power in the legislature. In the US however heads of staet can only mange departements
* this is significnat a it means that UK cabinet has alot more significance. the PM or a minister is has the potential to prepose a piece of legislation in the legislature and will likly have it passed if the governign party has a significnat majority where as even potus only has the power of perswasion and heads of state have enevn less power.
* “Marriage Act 2013” introduced by the Tory Minister for Women and Equalities Rt Hon Maria Miller

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40
Q

give an example of a trump cabinet resignation

A
  1. seurtry of state rex tillison found himself publically at odds with trump which meant he was either fired or forced to resign in 2017 its unclear- mainly over Iran nuclear deal
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41
Q

what is the imperial presidency

A
  • when teh president acts behond his formal consitutional powers
  • coilned by schlesinger in 1973
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42
Q

what is the opersite to the imperial presidency ?

A
  • The imperraled presidency
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43
Q

what is the imperalled presidency

A
  • The basis of the theory is that the President does not have enough power to be effective in the role.
  • the idea that congress has put to many legislative constraints on teh presidence so now his powers ar eimperreled
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44
Q

was nera tandon ever oficialy nomiated for dirrector of the OMB

A

no

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45
Q

whats area can that the president has potencial to acts imperialy

A
  • foreign policy
  • domestic policy
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46
Q

give example of How has the president historically been imperial in foreign policy

A
  • in 1950 when north korea invaded south korea truman imediatly sent troops to help without confressional aproval
  • in 1970 Nikson bombed cambodia without even the knowledge of congress
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47
Q

give examples of how the US president is imperial now interms of milalrty foreign policy

A
  • in 2020 trump ordered fro the assasination of Quasem solimani without informing congress
  • trump removed millatry forces fromnorth syria in 2019 without imforming congress
  • he also vetoed their attemps to limmit his power with the The Iran war powers resolution act that trump vetoed witch would limmit his powers in iraq and attemped to veto the national defense autherisation act with would forces him to inform congess on millitary actions before they are taken
  • Obama sending troops to lybia in 2011
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48
Q

How is the president not imperial interms of forgein policy millitary powers + example

A
  • The power of the purse: congress confirms the budget so can cut off the presidents funds for “special operations”
    1. when congess turned off the tap of funding to vietmnam forcing the us to pull out in 1975 (during nixsons adminsitration)
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49
Q

what is it called when a president sends troops somewhere

A

a “special operation” not a war

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50
Q

how is the US precisdent imperial and imperical interms of palin foreign policy 3 examples

A
  • execuative agreement : the us president has the right to negotiate treaties and have tehm confirmed via a 2/3 majority vote in the senate however they frequently use execuative agreements as a loop whole
    1. Trump undertookk a year long prosses where he pulled out of the paris climate agrement and biden joined it again as soon as he became president
    2. trump signed an executive agreement with north korea in 2018 establishing more friendly relations between the US and North korea. one of the clauses included a refraining from millitary exersizes on the border but the Us and South kprea convened doing this in 2021and in 2022. the agreemnt also involved NK shuting off some milliatry test sights that has not ahppened - Singapore Summit Agreement (2018)
51
Q

how is the US precisdent imperialed/ not imperical interms of domestic policy 5 examples

A
  • if they have a divide congress operating there power of perswasion is futile
    1. arguably the only major bill obama passes was AAHA/obama care in his first term.
    2. For trump this was also true but it was due to his lack of organisation with the tax cuts and jobs cretion act
    3. However biden the inflationreduction act but might be his only one if he doesnt serve another term
    4. trumps failer to tak any kind of a federal scale stance on covid and furlo
    5. however still getting some stuff one
    6. trumps failer to repeal and replace obama care with the american helth car act despite having a republican united congress
52
Q

how is the US precisdent imperialed interms of being held to account

A
  • The Us president may be seen as acting imperical but when he does he is usually held to account
    1. nixson forced to resign over watergate
    2. trumps first impreachment over bribing president valenski to look into bidens son
    3. trumps second impechment over insighting a coup of the white house
    4. however non of thesee amounted to any charges on the president
53
Q

What are the two forms of check and ballenes on the US president due to the seperation of powers

A
  • supream court judicial review
  • congress invesigations and impeachment
  • ( federal states) ( cosnitutional amendments )
54
Q

what are formal powers of the president called

A

enumrated powers

55
Q

what are the implied powers of the presidency

5

A
  • dissmiss cabinet mebours cuz they can appoint them
  • execuative agreemnts
  • the power of perswasion
  • execuative orders
    1. could challenge congress e.g. bush anti terror actions after 911
    2. trump used execuative order extensivly
  • signing stamenst
  • pocket vetos
56
Q

j

A

h

57
Q

what is a signing statment + example of this being imperical

A
  • a stamenst teh President gives when signign legation into law .
    1. 21 of obamas 41 raised consitutionaly signifciacnt questions.
58
Q

list all the presidence powers enumerated and implied

A
  • the power of the pardon
  • appointmensts
  • recess appoinments
  • the power of the veto
  • the power to prepose legistaion
  • the power to convene and ajuen congress
  • negotate treaties
  • comander and cheif
  • head of state
  • sign legistation
  • give execuative orders
  • execuative agreements
  • signing statments
  • the power of perswasion
  • dismiss cabinet members
59
Q

list the congressional checks on the presidents enumerated powers

A
  • propose legisation or submit a budget =amend or block
  • veto legistaltion= over ride with a 2/3 vote in the senate
  • acting as cheif of teh execuative (execuative orders action etc) + investigate/impreach/remove
  • **nominations appointments **= confrirm
  • neogotiate treaties = ratification in the senate 2/3
  • comander and cheif= power of the purse and legistate against POTUS
    6
60
Q

give an example congress checking the presidence power to preposing legistation

A
  • **propose legisation or submit a budget ** =amend or block
    6. trumps failer to repeal and replace obama care with the american helth car act despite having a republican united congress
    7. trumps budget was rejected in 2017 due to its servire cuts for financial aid for low income students in persute of higher education
61
Q

give 2 examples congress checking the presidence power of the veto

A
  • Trump trying to veto the National Defense Authorization Act 2021 this would force trump to inform congress on any millitary action he intended to take before hand - significant as 2/3 majority reched in a republican senate
  • obama and the “justice agaist sponcers of terrorism act” alowing failies of 911 victums to sew the governement of saudi arabia. Obama throught it was contry to the USA’s nationall interests however his veto was also overridden in the sensate - 2016
62
Q

give an example congress checking the presidence power as cheif of the execuative

A
  • every impeachement ever has been unsucessful ,the impeachememt of clinton and Andrew Jhonson were party lines votes too
  • trumps first impeachment over bribing valenski
    1. Mitt Romney dint vote down party lines
  • trumps second impeachment over insighing a coup
    1. was not a party lines vote! 10 republican voted for trump to be impeached however a 2/3 majority is needed
63
Q

give an example congress checking the presidence power of nominations

A
  • confirmation of Kentanji brown jonston in 2022 as assosiate supream court justice
  • neera tandedn was forced to resisgn before she could be confiemed as dirrector of the OMB for bidens cabinet because she was likly to fail. she had a history of offenisve tweets.
64
Q

give an example congress checking the presidence power to negotiate treateies ( and exective orders)

A
  • President Obama signed the new START (strtegic arms redustion treatie) with presient putin of russia in 2010 and it was rattified by a 2/3 vote in the senate
  • However if a president doent think they canpas a treatie they will sign an executive agreement and try implemt it with execuative orders. e.g Obama with the paris climate accord.
65
Q

give an example congress checking the presidence power as comander and cheif

A
  • power of the purse
    1. congress cutting of denfense funding forced nixson to pull out of vietnam in 1973
  • legistating agist teh president
    1. the national defense authorisation act suceeded to make it so that trump would have to imform congess of his milliatary actions
    2. however trump vetoded The Iran war powers resolution act to limit his milliatary powers there
  • congress must declair war
    1. has not done since WW2
    2. POTUS can get away with “special operations”
    3. for example obama placing trrops in libia in 2011
    4. bush with afaganistan and iraq 2001 and iraq in 2003
66
Q

give an example of the supream court chevking th epresidence power interms of execuatuve orders

A
  • the supream court declaired obamas use of an execuative order to implement his imigration reforms in 2016 unconsitutional
67
Q

give an example of the supream court/judicial review checking the presidence power interms of recess apointmets/appoints

A
  • they dealaired Obamas use of recess appointments in 2014 to be unconsitutional
68
Q

whats the numbre one factor effecting if a preident is succesful or not

A
  • if its their first or second term ( if they ahve teh support of congress (unfied governemnt or didvided ) )
69
Q

when there is a united house senate andprecidency what is thsis called

A

unfied governement

70
Q

list what three factors effect a precidenec sucess

A
  • if its tehir frirst or second term/ if tehy have an unfied governemnt or divided
  • if there is a crisis
  • there powers of perswasion (conections ande expirence )
71
Q

how does a unified governemnet/congress / it being a presidents first term rather than second term effect the presidenec changes of success in office

3 for evidence and 1 countre

A
  • almost all presidents get itno office with a unified congress bause of down tiket voting on elections ( where repersenatives get in off the presidence “coattail”
  • this allows the to pass their big legistaion in there first term
    1. forexample obama care in obamas first term
    2. in bidens first tirm the inflation reduction act
    3. trump and the tax cuts and jobs act
    3. however depite having a unified congress trump count repeal and replace the afordable health care act (obama care) with the american healths care act
72
Q

how does a crisis effect the presidenec changes of success in office + example

A
  • ” the rally” effect
    1. on the 7th of september bushes’ aproval rating were 51% vs after september 11th when it was 90%. During this time he passed key legistaion on anatioanl dense and edustion
    2. this also allowed him to launch his “special operation” in the middle east with less backlash
73
Q

how does the compitency of the president (their powers to persade) effect the presidenec changes of success in office

A
  • Trump had no expirce in pollitics and only passed one significant piece of legistation ( the tax cuts and jobs act he even fialed to pass the AHA depite a unified congress)
  • Biden however was president protempore and has many conection as is repected and has passed
    1.The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
    2. the inflation reduction act - enviromental bill
    3.The American Rescue Plan Act - covid recovery bill
73
Q

how does the compitency of the president (their powers to persade) effect the presidenec changes of success in office

A
  • Trump had no expirce in pollitics and only passed one significant piece of legistation ( the tax cuts and jobs act he even fialed to pass the AHA depite a unified congress)
  • Biden however was president protempore and has many conection as is repected and has passed
    1.The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
    2. the inflation reduction act - enviromental bill
    3.The American Rescue Plan Act - covid recovery bill
74
Q

name three important legistations biden has passed

A

1.The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
2. the inflation reduction act - enviromental bill
3.The American Rescue Plan Act - covid recovery bill

75
Q

who coined the term the imperial presidency

A

schlesinger

76
Q

who was trumps secuatry of state not defense !

A

Rex tillson

77
Q

what is trumps execuative agreement with north korea called

A
  • the peace treatie on the korean peninsula 2018
78
Q

who was trumps cheif of staff

A

mit mulvaney

79
Q

give an exampel since 1992 of the president using their formal powers + imperially and honerably if u can

A
  • head of the executive branch
  • comander and cheif of the armed forces
    1. obama 2011 millitary opertion in lybia
    2. trump removoing forces form syria - ( friggered teh NDAA shananogon)
    3. trum ordering air strieks on iraq killing Qasem Soleimani and potentially ensighting a war.
    4. biden delclairing he would support twan if china desided to invaid
    5. ( honerablly) - biden given 10 billion to ukrain and milltary supplied + sanction on russia but without perpetuting the war dirrectly by lanching a mission.
  • The power of the pardon
    1. For example trump pardeoned Steve Bannon, a former advisor to President Trump, who was indicted on charges of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and money laundering on his last day in office in 2021.
    2. (honerable)
    One example of the power of the pardon being used honorably by a president is the case of President Barack Obama’s commutation of the sentences of numerous nonviolent drug offenders. In 2014, President Obama launched the clemency initiative to address the issue of harsh sentencing for nonviolent drug offenses. Under this initiative, he granted clemency to individuals who had been sentenced under outdated and disproportionately severe drug laws, especially african americans.
  • negotiate treaties - needs 2/3 senate confirmation
    1. START - 2011 obama, limkit rusha and the US’s neucular excursions
    2. use their power as cheif of the executive to use executive agreements like tehy are treties
    3. Singapore Summit Joint Statement, President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in June 2018. This statement outlined a commitment to establish new bilateral relations, work towards denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and stopping testing and drills - was ineffective
    4. the parris climate acord - ineffectiev yoyo
  • appointments - needs senate confirmation
    1. cabinet ( the execuative ) - mike pense trump defense and Lloyd Austin biden vs 1989 when senate rejected joah towers
    2. ambasiders
    3. federal judges
  • head of state (more a seromonial role)
  • veto legislation
    1. there needs to be a congressional super majority to overide this
    2. iraq war powers act
    3. NDAA - dailed
  • sign legistation
    1. pocket veto: Barack Obama pocket vetoed the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA). This bill aimed to allow victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks to sue foreign governments, including Saudi Arabia, for any involvement in the attacks
    2. signign staments: President George W. Bush regarding the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. The McCain-Feingold Act, officially known as the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, aimed to reform campaign finance laws in the United States.
    In his signing statement, President Bush expressed reservations about certain provisions of the law, particularly those related to restrictions on political advertising. He stated that although he was signing the bill into law, he would interpret and enforce its provisions in a manner consistent with his constitutional authority, including the First Amendment.
  • to conveen or adjurn congress
    1. only in emergencys
  • stae of the union adress
    1. obama used to anouce formally his afordable health care act
    1. submit the anual budget: In March 2019, President Trump submitted his budget proposal to Congress, outlining his administration’s spending priorities and policy initiatives. However, the budget faced significant opposition in Congress, particularly from the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives
  • Recess Appointments
    1. Senate took measures to prevent recess appointments during Trump’s presidency. The Senate adopted a practice known as “pro forma sessions,” where brief Senate sessions were held during scheduled recess periods to prevent the president from making recess appointments
    2. Richard Cordray (January 2012): President Obama made a recess appointment to appoint Richard Cordray as the Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) during a Senate recess. This appointment was made in response to Republican opposition to Cordray’s nomination and their refusal to hold a confirmation vote
80
Q

give an exaple of trump using his power of teh pardon in a dishonerabel way (but not imerial)

A

Steve Bannon and adviser of his for fraud

81
Q

for somehting to be conidered imperial what must it do

A
  • i must be consitutional over reach ( exeed the constainsts of enumerate dpowers) ratehr taht just be dishonerabel
82
Q

give an exaple of a pocket veto

A

Barack Obama pocket vetoed the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA). This bill aimed to allow victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks to sue foreign governments, including Saudi Arabia, for any involvement in the attacks

83
Q

give an exampel of a significnat signing statememt

A

President George W. Bush regarding the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. The McCain-Feingold Act, officially known as the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, aimed to reform campaign finance laws in the United States. In his signing statement, President Bush expressed reservations about certain provisions of the law, particularly those related to restrictions on political advertising. He stated that although he was signing the bill into law, he would interpret and enforce its provisions in a manner consistent with his constitutional authority, including the First Amendment.

84
Q

how has the congress checked the predsidents power interms of recess apointmenst

A

During the presidency of Donald Trump, there were no notable instances of him making recess appointments. A recess appointment is when the president fills a vacant position during a Senate recess, bypassing the Senate confirmation process.

However, it’s worth mentioning that the Senate took measures to prevent recess appointments during Trump’s presidency. The Senate adopted a practice known as “pro forma sessions,” where brief Senate sessions were held during scheduled recess periods to prevent the president from making recess appointments

85
Q

give an exaple of an obama recess appointmet

A

Richard Cordray (January 2012): President Obama made a recess appointment to appoint Richard Cordray as the Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) during a Senate recess. This appointment was made in response to Republican opposition to Cordray’s nomination and their refusal to hold a confirmation vote

86
Q

how long do recess apointmenst last

A

expire at the end of the Senate’s next session

87
Q

what’s teh informal sources of the presidents power

A
  • electoral madate
88
Q

what are teh imformal powers of teh president called

A

implied powers

89
Q

what are the implied powers of the president

A
  • head of theexecutive
    1. executive orders
    2. executive agreements
    3. the cabinet, EXOP, NSC,OMB, WHO
  • state of the union adress
    1. the power of perswation
90
Q

give an exaples of the presidnest power of perswation and their effctiveness and why ? ( obama trump and biden )

A

obama
* some what limmited ( lack of expirence)
1. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (bailing out the banks) ( 2008)
2. Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare ( 2010)

trump
* very limmited ( lack of expirence)
1. triggered 35 congressional shutdown over his
border wall plan and failed to make significnt strides in buildign it despite it bein one of his primary legislagtive areas
1. only significant act he really manged to pass was the 2017 tax cuts and jobs act.

biden
* seemingly quite effective, was conections and expirence in congress
1. 2021 passed inflation reduction act (400 bill towards clean energy) despite joe machin in the senate ( however reduced from 3 billion)
2. bipartisan gun safety bill 2022 ( laregst in 30 years) ( significnat as republican house )
3. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which provided $1.9 trillion in COVID-19 relief

( really depends on if there is a divided gov more thn anyhing else )

91
Q

what are the differnt parts of EXOP

A
  • NSC - the national security cunsil
  • WHO - the white house office
  • OMD - office of mangement and budget
92
Q

whats teh role of exop

A
  • agenies that work within or for teh president to enable him dirrevt;y
93
Q

what is teh OMB’s role and head

A
  • develop teh anual budget for the president to present to congress
  • shelanda younf
94
Q

whats the role of the NSC + issues

A
  • national security counsil
  • advsie the president on matters relating to national security though their monetoring
  • can come into conflcit with department of defense / undermine them witch is an issue as heads arnt confiemed by the senate like department of defense
  • trump politisisisng: appointed his adviser in his campein seem to be him politisng it rathe rthan basing mebership of compentency, he also limmited who coudl attend meetings.
95
Q

whats the role of the WHO + issues

A
  • the white house office
  • heade by the cheif of staff
  • Advising the President
  • Policy Coordination
  • Operations and Administration

issues
* can controle the president partciularly who gets to see him and what info he resievs + manges his agena and schedual, this can be seen as undermining the execuative
1. e.g nixons ion wall
2. trumps second cheif of staff litelrly admited he was tring to controle the president by saying “ive been a failer at controlong the presidnet” particularly in regards to his tweets

96
Q

whats a subpoena

A
  • a comand for infomation/testomoney by a court
97
Q

give 2 exampels of judicial checks on the president

A
  • Department of Commerce v. New York in 2019
    1. trump wnated citozenship to be added to thecensus data but the supream court found taht it “did not meet the requirements of administrative law that teh agency had to foloow to achive an acurate result ( significnat asconservative leanign at tiem 5/4)
    2. court dession was 5-4 (2019)
  • Trump v. Hawaii in 2018 - trump travel ban
    1. court upheld in 5-4 desion ( conservative leanign at tiem 5/4)
98
Q

whats teh main factor that inflences a presidence power of time

A

the elction cycle and divided governemtn
* due to the coat tails effect the president usully has a unitd governemtn for their first 2 terms but this is not the case during midtersm therfor a didvided gov usually taked hodl makign their power of perswasion much harder.
* alsmost all major policy of presidnets are passed in the firt 2 years
* obama:
1. 1. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (bailing out the banks) ( 2008)
2. Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare ( 2010)
* trump :
1. 2017 tax cuts and jobs act.
* biden :
1. 2021 passed inflation reduction act (400 bill towards clean energy) despite joe machin in the senate ( however reduced from 3 billion)
3. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which provided $1.9 trillion in COVID-19 relief

However:
2. bipartisan gun safety bill 2022 ( laregst in 30 years) ( significnat as republican house ) - biden

(this is especially true as party lines voting has become much more common as parties have become more partizan and extreemist/poarised)

99
Q

list the reasons a presidenst power may change from president to president and over time

A
  • ection cycles and divided governemtn
    1. (has individaul slide)
  • mandate
    1. obama aforbale health care act in congress and even afterwards one could atribute some of the republican parties inabilly to repeal it in in obamas second half to his first term was beuse he has such a strong madate with 53% of the popular vote. He also campeionged on the basis of the afordable health car eact. this is also why the supreamourt has been argued to not striek it down it as they would have been seento eb underminign the will of the people ( although acting politicllay)
  • expirence
    1. ( biden vs trump in getting stuff done )
  • national circomstance s
    1. bush after 9/11 ( oll rankings spiked), this helped him with a serise of millitary ooerations in the middle east including iraq 2003 and revign the tallaban from afganistan in 2001
    2. also if the economy improved presidentical rankignns tend to go up
    3. however: trump saw his polls go doen despite an improved economy and the natioanl emergany of covi ( suggests its really the presidnts ressponce to crisi)
100
Q

whats it called when the supream court denay a bill

A

strike it down

101
Q

give an exampel of a presidnet with a poor mandate

A
  • Trump - didnt win the popular vote ( over 3 million short of hillary)
  • this may have eben a reason for his poor powers of perswasion in congress although more lilly lack of expirence
102
Q

what sis teh imperial presidency + whos idea was it

A
  • the idea that the presidents powers exceed that intedned by the cosnitution and the checks and ballences in pace are no longer effective
  • Arther schlesinger
103
Q

what is the imperraled presidnecy + other name they moigth be given

A
  • when the president struggles to carry out his dutes
  • lame duck - only called this if they hold an office after a midterm their party doesnt win ( and therefore cant do anything as divided gov)
104
Q

evaluate the judgement that the modern president is imperial

A

intro- the imperial predidency is Arther schlesinger theory that the presidents powers exceed that intedned by the cosnitution ( enumerated powers) and the checks and ballences in pace are no longer effective.

1

Paragrph 1- cheif in comander
* Over Using their power as cheif in comaner of the armed forces
1. * this has occured besuse of the vauge nature of the conitution. It give the president teh power of cheif and comander but congress the power to declair war
* the arguemnt is that in recent years teh presidnt has become more imperial as he is using these “special millitary opertions” to esuntully go to war in other ountries. Trump was also argued to poteniclly be bordeline ensigting war duing his presidency wich was seen as imperial.
1. for exapel obama in lybia in 2011
2. trump removing trrops that had a madate from congress from syria in 2018
3. trump ordeing air strike son quesem solomaini ( inanian general in iraq) this aould potecially have ensighted a war 2020
4. bush afganistan 2001 ( remove the talliban)
5. bush iraq 2003
checks by congress
* legistate agisnt
1. War Powers Resolution 1973: makes it so that only with congressional authorization or in response to a national emergency created by an attack on the United States, - however ignored by Obama for exaple with lybia and trump Soleimani StrikeIn 2020
3. NDAA trump, make it so that trump has to notify Congress before taking military action against Iran 2020
4. however: veto e.g. trump Iran war powers reoutio which was going to fully limit his actions without going though ocngress first 2021
* power of the purse
2. NDAA - desided teh millitary budget. congres acn turn of teh tap of funding. thsi is what tehy did to end vietnam in 1975

2

Paragrph 2- domestic policy
* signing statemenst
1. George W. Bush in 2002 relates to the McCain-Feingold Act, also known as the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA). President Bush signed the BCRA into law but issued a signing statement expressing his concerns about certain provisions. In the signing statement, he stated that he would enforce the law as long as it did not unduly restrict the First Amendment rights of individuals and groups engaging in political speech.
* this was significant as it was thought to be the president effecting the legislgtive contents of the law which is him acting imperially as this is behond his consitutional powers.
* however this is also quite rare and its hard to classify which staemnts have significance and which don’t.
* The pocket veto
1. obama The Interstate Recognition of Notarizations Act of 2010, that passed overwellingly in congress
* this is arguably the president acting imperially as the pocket veto is an implied power, one could even call it a loop whole. the president has ten days to sign a piece of legislation before it becomes law, however all legislation is wiped at teh end of a congressional session so if they dont sign it in that 10 days before the end the cill is wiped. they are overiding the check that congress has on their poewer of the veto by doing this as they ahve no chance to respond
* however congres spassed important leg early to prevent this
* Expansion of Administrative Power
* The white house office has grown over time, WHO in 1939 to deal with WW2, since then the OMB, the NSC and the CEA has been created as well as teh cheif of staff who has significnat controle over what info reches teh president
* It taken on roles taht shoudl be under the roel of the executive. when the president appoints executive officials teh congres get to confime these therfore by the exapnsion of EXOP the president is acting imperially as it overides teh congressional power to check teh executive
1. a prime exaple of tis is the NSC who hav argubly taken on roles that arguably shoudl be up to teh CIA or department o defense
congress checks
* checks on EXOP though investigation
1. the Benghazi investigation involved inquiries into various aspects of the attack and its aftermath, including the response of the National Security Council (NSC)

3

Para 3- head of the executive
* executiev agreement ( become treateis)
* The Supreme Court has recognized the president’s power to enter into executive agreements as an inherent aspect of the president’s authority in conducting foreign affairs. The court’s decision in United States v. Belmont, making it an implied power. Some argue the very act is imperial as they do not belive it was intended by the framrs of the cosnitution at all. The argument has also been made that the president is acting imperially as tehy are increasingly treating executive agreements as treaties and entrering into them much more regularly .
1. for exapel the “Singapore Summit” between north korea and trump in 2018 estabilshed that both sides would aim to demillatrsie the border bwtween north and south korea. The us army woudld stop doign practice drills there and North korea would also limmit their neucular indevers.
2. (however was ineffective)
* this is significant as tehre are no checks or ballence on executive agreemnts by congres or the supream court so the president could and argubly does entre in to agreemnts regarding what ever he wanst
1. another example is the 2015 Iran neucular deal. The agreement aimed to restrict Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for relief from economic sanctions. (obama)
* still do try to use treaties
1. Obama start with russia - 2010 ( passed with a 2/3 majority in teh senate)
* shows the forign affairs process can and does still work with checks and ballences in some circomstances.
* executive orders as legistaltion
* over use of executiev orders
* this is an issue as it shows hoe the president is using executive order as a form of legistion which is not what tehy are intened to do. they are intended to give gidnece to the differnt departments of the federal governemnt and they are only an implied power
1. trumps travel ban to 7, majority being muslum countries
* execuative orders are subject to rew by the supream court as a check
1. howoever the cour can review these there was Trump v. Hawaii. on his travel ban but not stuck. this was review by a ( conservtie supream court = partizan) and was strcuk down 5/4.
* despite this, one coudl also argue this ruling suggest trump wasnt acting imperially
2. United States v. Texas in 2016. In this case, President Barack Obama issued an executive order known as the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA). It provide temporary relief from deportation and work permits to certain undocumented parents of U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents. The Court was in deadlocked in a 4-4 tie, effectively leaving in place a lower court’s ruling that blocked the implementation of DAPA.

conclusion: yes more inrecent years and beause fialer of checks and the judicary got politisises and congress more partizan.

105
Q

evaluate the presidents power in forign policy

A

Intro- there is this idea by Ather Schlesinger of the imperial presidency where the the presidents powers exceed that intedned by the cosnitution ( enumerated powers) and the checks and ballences in pace are no longer effective. One of the key areas this is true is in forign policy.

1

Executive Agreements as Treaties
* The Supreme Court has recognized the president’s power to enter into executive agreements as an inherent aspect of the president’s authority in conducting foreign affairs. The court’s decision in United States v. Belmont, making it an implied power. Some argue the very act is imperial as they do not belive it was intended by the framrs of the cosnitution at all. The argument has also been made that the president is acting imperially as tehy are increasingly treating executive agreements as treaties and entrering into them much more regularly .
1. for exapel the “Singapore Summit” between north korea and trump in 2018 estabilshed that both sides would aim to demillatrsie the border bwtween north and south korea. The us army woudld stop doign practice drills there and North korea would also limmit their neucular indevers.
2. (however was ineffective)
* this is significant as tehre are no checks or ballence on executive agreemnts by congres or the supream court so the president could and argubly does entre in to agreemnts regarding what ever he wanst
1. another example is the 2015 Iran neucular deal. The agreement aimed to restrict Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for relief from economic sanctions. (obama)
still do try to use treaties
1. Obama start with russia - 2010 ( passed with a 2/3 majority in teh senate)
* shows the forign affairs process can and does still work with checks and ballences in some circomstances.
executive agrements are also often temporary
* yoyo from withdrawing and implemetingdepending if democrtic or republican president. this means they are not as solid and inflencial as treaties ad may only be effective for a few years at a time.
1. The United States, under the Trump withdrew from the Iran neucular deal(2015) in 2018, the pasris climate acord (2015) in 2017
2. biden then resigned the paris acord

2

Over Using their power as cheif in comaner of the armed forces + expended unckeck power in defense and national security
* this has occured besuse of the vauge nature of the conitution. It give the president teh power of cheif and comander but congress the power to declair war
* the arguemnt is that in recent years teh presidnt has become more imperial as he is using these “special millitary opertions” to esuntully go to war in other ountries. Trump was also argued to poteniclly be bordeline ensigting war duing his presidency wich was seen as imperial.
1. for exapel obama in lybia in 2011
2. trump removing trrops that had a madate from congress from syria in 2018
3. trump ordeing air strike son quesem solomaini ( inanian general in iraq) this aould potecially have ensighted a war 2020
4. bush afganistan 2001 ( remove the talliban)
5. bush iraq 2003
checks by congress
* legistate agisnt
1. War Powers Resolution 1973: makes it so that only with congressional authorization or in response to a national emergency created by an attack on the United States, - however ignored by Obama for exaple with lybia and trump Soleimani StrikeIn 2020
3. NDAA trump, make it so that trump has to notify Congress before taking military action against Iran 2020
4. however: veto e.g. trump Iran war powers reoutio which was going to fully limit his actions without going though ocngress first 2021
* power of the purse
2. NDAA - desided teh millitary budget. congres acn turn of teh tap of funding. thsi is what tehy did to end vietnam in 1975

3

over use of executiev orders
* this is an issue as it shows hoe the president is using executive order as a form of legistion which is not what tehy are intened to do. they are intended to give gidnece to the differnt departments of the federal governemnt and they are only an implied power
1. trumps travel ban to 7, majority being muslum countries
execuative orders are subject to rew by the supream court as a check
1. howoever the cour can review these there was Trump v. Hawaii. on his travel ban but not stuck. this was review by a ( conservtie supream court = partizan) and was strcuk down 5/4.
* despite this, one coudl also argue this ruling suggest trump wasnt acting imperially
2. United States v. Texas in 2016. In this case, President Barack Obama issued an executive order known as the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA). It provide temporary relief from deportation and work permits to certain undocumented parents of U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents. The Court was in deadlocked in a 4-4 tie, effectively leaving in place a lower court’s ruling that blocked the implementation of DAPA.

Conclustion: yes, increasingly in recnt years beuse of poltisisyion of the courts and more partizan nature of congres amking cecks and ballences less efective and authentic but not fully.

106
Q

how effective is the president at achiving their aims ( 2 fat paragraphs)

A

Paragrph 2- domestic policy
* executive orders
* presidnets can use tehir power od executive orders kinda liek legislation.
1. for exaple trumps travel bans ( when imgration is meant to be uo to congress)
* howevr can be held to account by SCOTUS, as in Hawaii v. Trum al though elg was ehld up
* power to perswade
* arguablly the presidents most significant power in achiveing their agenda is teh power to perswade congress that tehy atain though their possition. one exaple of this is the State of the union adress
1. omama to advokate for his Aforbdble heath care act
* and they may also adress apital hill at other tiemes to advokate for specific policies . They aslo have other effective tools such as
* pork barral legislation- presidents offer special ofers in bills to get certain represetives on bord
1. “Bridge to Nowhere” project in Alaska, which was part of the Transportation Equity Act of 2005. The project involved the construction of a bridge to a sparsely populated island in Alaska to get Lisa Murkowski on bord
* Logrolling - Logrolling legislation refers to a practice in which legislators engage in mutual vote-trading or exchanging political favors to secure support e.g a president offering their support for a relection campeign
1. resident Donald Trump and his administration’s efforts to pass the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017. During the negotiations for the tax reform bill, President Trump reportedly reached out to Republican lawmakers, particularly those from states with vulnerable Republican senators.
* However: depnds on expirence
1. trump was partciullaly ineffcetive with the only major act was teh tax cust and jobs act as had no legislative expirece, conversly biden maged to pass 1. 2021 passed inflation reduction act (400 bill towards clean energy) despite joe machin in the senate ( however reduced from 3 billion), The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which provided $1.9 trillion in COVID-19 relief, Bipartisan Safer Communities Act 2022 ( most extenive gun controle in 30 years) as he was presidnet protempore of the senate and has conection in congress.
* divided gov
* president can not pass anychange if divided gov (usually in second term beuse of the lack of a coattails effect) and divided polarise nature of policy making. A republican will not ant to support a democrt president as teh more tehy achive the better tehri chance of rellectiona nd ethy also ideologiclly very much disgree. president becomes a “lame duck” (Obama after AHA)

2

paragraph 3- foreign policy
* comander and cheif = roel of the world stage
* special milliatry operations
1. for exapel obama in lybia in 2011
2. trump removing trrops that had a madate from congress from syria in 2018
3. trump ordeing air strike son quesem solomaini ( inanian general in iraq) this aould potecially have ensighted a war 2020
4. bush afganistan 2001 ( remove the talliban)
5. bush iraq 2003
* executive agreements and treaties
* The Supreme Court has recognized the president’s power to enter into executive agreements as an inherent aspect of the president’s authority in conducting foreign affairs. The court’s decision in United States v. Belmont, making it an implied power. Some argue the very act is imperial as they do not belive it was intended by the framrs of the cosnitution at all. The argument has also been made that the president is acting imperially as tehy are increasingly treating executive agreements as treaties and entrering into them much more regularly .
1. for exapel the “Singapore Summit” between north korea and trump in 2018 estabilshed that both sides would aim to demillatrsie the border bwtween north and south korea. The us army woudld stop doign practice drills there and North korea would also limmit their neucular indevers.
2. (however was ineffective)
1. Obama start with russia - 2010 ( passed with a 2/3 majority in teh senate)
* shows the forign affairs process can and does still work with checks and ballences in some circomstances.
However: executive agrements are also often temporary
* yoyo from withdrawing and implemetingdepending if democrtic or republican president. this means they are not as solid and inflencial as treaties ad may only be effective for a few years at a time.
1. The United States, under the Trump withdrew from the Iran neucular deal(2015) in 2018, the pasris climate acord (2015) in 2017
2. biden then resigned the paris acord

4

Conclusion: yes forign no domestic and depends on circomstances

107
Q

what si logrolling

A
  • Logrolling legislation refers to a practice in which legislators engage in mutual vote-trading or exchanging political favors to secure support
  • e.g a president offering their support for a relection campeign
108
Q

whso in controel of the budget in exop

A

the OMB

109
Q

when does Gerrymandering ocure + how can it happen

A
  • Gerrymandering typically occurs during the redistricting process, which takes place after the census every decaid
  • it will occure when the state elgistlature in controle id dominated by a particular party so the redistrictin will invove packing and crackign to favour them
110
Q

what are some systems that have been implemted by states to avoid teh effects of gerrymandering + exaples of where

A
  • Independent redistricting Commissions - Arazona or california
  • Redistricting Criteria in law - Iowa
  • comupter algorithums - Ohio
  • The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Shaw v. Reno, the U.S. Supreme Court held that race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing district lines
111
Q

give an exaple of the isgnificance of gerrymandering

A

North Carolina led to a significant partisan advantage for Republicans. In the 2012 election, Republicans won 9 out of 13 seats in the state’s congressional delegation, even though Democratic candidates received a majority of the statewide vote

112
Q

give an example of gerry mandeing relating to presidnecialelections

A

Ohio’s 12th Congressional District. The district was redrawn in 2011 by the Republican-controlled state legislature, aiming to consolidate Republican voters into the district and dilute Democratic voters across surrounding districts. The result was a heavily gerrymandered district that strongly favored Republicans.

In the 2016 presidential election, Republican candidate Donald Trump won Ohio by a relatively narrow margin

113
Q

whats significant about teh presidnest power compatred to teh uk cbainet

A

he is teh single executive vs in tehu minsters of teh crown / forst amounf equals

114
Q

give an exaple of a rcent president beign in effective in terms of domenstic policy

A
  • trump - only one significnat act
    1. failer of teh border wall ( one of his key campeign points)
    2. failer to dealth with covid on a national scale
115
Q

how did exop expand after 911

A

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003

116
Q

give an exaple of Trump using his powers as head / teh sing executive

A

Trump most likly fired his stec of state Rex Tillerson in 2018 due to disagreements over the Iran nuclear deal

117
Q

give an exaple of trump appointing cabinet ministers not based on expertise but as a favour

A

Rex Tillerson had a long career at ExxonMobil, one of the world’s largest oil and gas companies. people argue that trump may have resived certin favours to put him in this place.

118
Q

who have been the presidents since 1992

A
  • George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)
  • Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
  • George W. Bush (2001-2009)
  • Barack Obama (2009-2017)
  • Donald Trump (2017-2021)
  • Joe Biden (2021-present)
119
Q

compare the US president with the UK primisnster

A
  • role in the executive
    1. singular executive vs fisrt amoung equals
    2. “cant sack he bastereds” and may with divided cab vs trump with rex tellson
  • legisltive powers
    1. power of perswasion and in the exective vs the sord of parliametry soverignty
    2. borris vs trump
  • head of stat vs head of government
    1. State Opening of Parliament (the king) vs state of teh union adress + reisving forign dipolmats
120
Q

what are teh differnces bwteen teh UK cabainet and teh us cabinet

A
  • selection
    1. carea politicians vs policy specialist
    2. jermy hunt : has been Foreign Secretary, sec of state, for Health and Social Care, Secretary of State for Culture and chanceller
    3. vs Lloyd Austin biden’s sec of defense and 3 star general
  • role
    1. ministers of teh crown vs singluar executive
    2. rex tellson vs may divided cab and “cant sack teh bastereds”
  • powers
    1. electoral madate (due to fusion of powers) vs sourced from the president
    2. Health and Social Care Act 2012. This bill was introduced by the Department of Health - privatsation, phillop hamond
    3. . In 2013, the Department of Homeland Security, along with the White House, proposed the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act, commonly known as the Senate immigration bill. Despite the efforts and support from the administration, the bill ultimately failed to pass in the House of Representatives
121
Q

what are teh official requirements of the presient ?

A

Natural-born citizen: The President must be a natural-born citizen of the United States. This means they must have been born on U.S. soil or born to U.S. citizen parents abroad.

Age requirement: The President must be at least 35 years old.

Residency requirement: The President must have been a resident of the United States for at least 14 years.

122
Q

what are the informal requirements of teh president + exampel and countre

A
  • Political experience
    1. biden ( president pro tempore and chair of senate standing comitee for forein afairs for multiple terms)
    2. trump, no polical expirence
  • Leadership qualities
  • Public speaking and communication skills
    1. Biden actully grow up with a stutter
    2. obama notorious spech that won him teh elcteion at democratic causus
  • Integrity and moral character
    1. obama second generation imigrnat who workked his way to teh top
    2. trump small lone of a million dollars and multipele sexual assult aligations
  • Strong understanding of domestic and foreign policy
    1. bien vs trump
  • Fundraising and campaign skills
    1. ombama foccus on iowa causus and spending almost half a year therebefore, this won him the causus but him ahead of hillary in teh polls and earned him and extra $32 million after iowa
    2. however trmp was a wealthy bussiness amn who was able to largly self fund his campein
  • Support from political parties:
    1. trump ( primaries = 17 republiacn candidates)
    2. hilkliary ( had support of super deligates before even beinging in the 2007 invisbael primary) but still fialed
    2. however she succeede din 2016
123
Q

how often is teh state of teh union adress

A

i tiem a year

124
Q

define domestic politics

A

Domestic politics refers to the political activities, processes, and issues that occur within a particular country or nation

125
Q

list some more requirets of the president

A
  • political expirenec
    1. biden was the president pro tempore of the senate and head of the foreign reations commitee for 12 years
    2. however trump had no political expirenece
  • party endorcement
    1. pat bunchen 2000 showed that inderpendents do not have a chance at presidency even if they are widly popular as didnt win a single electoral collage seat
    2. however less/unpopular candiates in a party can still become the top runner. e.g trump and omama over clinton in 2008
  • personal charateritics (white men with charisma and integrity )
    1. kendy famously karsmatic and loved by woemn
    2. however trump despite a plethora of assult and harrasment claims agasinst him from women
  • fund raisign abillities ( has to fund primary themself)
    1. obama raised 32.5 million vs clintons 27 million in the invisable priamry helping him win (aril to june )
    2. however the mega wealthy can frun this tehmself ( e.g. trump)
  • organsiation abillity
    1. obama targetted iowa a the first primary and spent over 200 and ….. days 75? in iwoa before the primary
    2. trumps campeign was choas
  • sound and relevant polcies
    1. obama on the afordable ealth care act
    2. trump on the wall
  • public speaking skills

Darwin US Politics (5 decks)

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