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Spanish 3 > The present perfect > Flashcards

The present perfect Flashcards

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1
Q

How many tenses are there in Spanish?

A

There are 14 commonly used tenses in Spanish.

Present

Imperfect

Preterite

Future

Conditional

Present Perfect

Pluperfect

Preterit Perfect

Future Perfect

Conditional Perfect

Present Subjunctive

Imperfect Subjunctive

Present Perfect Subjunctive

Pluperfect Subjunctive

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2
Q

By the time we finish Spring semester,

you will know most of them.

A

WHATEVER!

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3
Q

Just give me the facts, madam.

A

You should know that

there are simple and compound tenses.

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4
Q

The present perfect

is

a compound tense.

A

That means the compound tenses require

an auxiliary verb + a second verb in the past participle

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5
Q

What is the auxiliar verb, you ask?

A

Well, for the present perfect is the present tense of haber:

yo he

tú has

usted, él, ella ha

nosotros, nosotras hemos

ustedes, ellos, ellas han

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6
Q

What are the past participle conjugations?

A

if the second verb ends in -ar, the past participle ending is -ado

if the second verb ends in -er, the past participle ending is -ido

if the second verb ends in -ir, the past participle ending is -ido

(infinitives -er, -ir have the same past particple ending)

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7
Q

How about an example?

What is the present perfect of hablar?

A

Okay, let’s put it all together.

Here is the present perfect of hablar:

yo he hablado

tú has hablado

usted, él, ella ha hablado

nosotros, nosotras hemos hablado

ustedes, ellos, ellas han hablado

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8
Q

What is the present perfect of comer?

A

The present perfect of comer:

yo he comido

tú has comido

usted, él, ella ha comido

nosotros, nosotras hemos comido

ustedes, ellos, ellas han comido

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9
Q

Are there any groups of irregular past participles?

A

Yes!

You will learn two groups of irregular past participles:

1- verbs that have a double vowel

(caer, traer, leer, oír, reír, creer)

2- we’ll call this group the irregular past participles

(abrir, decir, escribir, morir, poner, ser, resolver, romper, ver)

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10
Q

What are the full past participle conjugations?

A

1- verbs with two vowels:

caer > caído

traer > traído

leer > leído

oír > oído

reír > reído

creer > creído

(did you notice that the í all have accents?

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11
Q

How about the conugations for the irregular past participle?

A

abrir > abierto

decir > dicho

escribir > escrito

morir > muerto

poner > puesto

resolver > resuelto

romper > roto

ser > sido

ver > visto

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12
Q

What is the present perfect conjugation for caer?

A

yo he caído

tú has caído

usted, él, ella ha caído

nosotros, nosotras hemos caído

ustedes, ellos, ellas han caído

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13
Q

What is the present perfect of abrir?

A

yo he abierto

tú has abierto

usted, él, ella ha abierto

nosotros, nosotras hemos abierto

ustedes, ellos, ellas han abierto

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14
Q

What do I do if the verb is reflexive or has another pronoun

or is a negative sentence?

A

Put the pronouns or the no before the auxiliary verb haber:

yo me he

tú te has

usted, él, ella se ha

nosotros, nosotras nos hemos

ustedes, ellos, ellas se han

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15
Q

What is the present perfect of

dormirse?

(hint: dormirse is reflexive)

A

yo me he dormido

tú te has dormido

usted, él, ella se ha dormido

nosotros, nosotras nos hemos dormido

ustedes, ellos, ellas se han dormido

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16
Q

Just one more item.

What is the present perfect of dormirse in the negative form?

A

Remember, dormirse is a reflexive verb, put the No before the reflexive pronoun:

yo NO me he dormido

tú NO te has dormido

usted, él, ella NO se ha dormido

nosotros, nosotras NO nos hemos dormido

ustedes, ellos, ellas NO se han dormido

17
Q

Last item. How about a negative conjugation without the reflexive pronoun, like ser?

A

Notice that ser has just an irregular past participle, but it does not have a reflexive pronoun. In this case, put the No before haber:

yo NO he sido

tú NO has sido

usted, él, ella NO ha sido

nosotros, nosotras NO hemos sido

ustedes, ellos, ellas NO han sido

18
Q

I left the big question for last.

What is the English equivalent of the present perfect in Spanish?

A

It is basically the same thing. Use it when you want to send the message that the action of the verb has happened. For example,

I have read the news.

Yo he leído las noticias.

Spanish 3 (16 decks)

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