The posterior segment (rear portion of eye)

Question 1

What substance acts as a shock absorber and maintains the spherical shape of the globe?

Answer 1

Vitreous

Question 2

Small particles of dead cells or other debris that become suspended in the vitreous, or particles of the vitreous itself that degenerate in the normal aging process are called

Answer 2

Floaters

Question 3

The transparent layer of tissue that forms the innermost lining of the globe is the

Answer 3

Retina

Question 4

The retina is composed of an inner layer of nerve cells and an outer __________ that lies against the choroid

Answer 4

Pigment Epithelium

Question 5

The base of the nerve cell layer contains two types of photoreceptor cells called

Answer 5

Rods and Cones

Question 6

The ____ are largely responsible for vision in reduced light and for peripheral vision

Answer 6

Rods

Question 7

The _____ provide sharp central vision and the perception of color

Answer 7

Cones

Question 8

The location where the central retinal artery enter and the central retinal vein, as well as the nerve fibers, exit, is called

Answer 8

Optic Disc

Question 9

The specialized area of the retina close to the center of the back of the eye that provides detailed central vision is the

Answer 9

Macula

Question 10

The center of the macula is called the

Answer 10

Fovea

Question 11

What cells are concentrated in the macula?

Answer 11

Cone cells

Question 12

A type of retinal cell that accepts electric (nerve) impulses from the photo-receptors and passes them to the ganglion cells are called

Answer 12

A bipolar cell

Question 13

The type of retinal cell that accepts electric (nerve) impulses from the bipolar cells and sends the impulses via axons through the optic disc to the brain are

Answer 13

Ganglion cells

Question 14

the long fiber-like portion of the ganglion cell that courses over the surface of the retina and converges at the optic disc is called

Answer 14

An Axon

Question 15

The nerve that carries electric impulses to the brain’s visual cortex, where they are integrated to produce the sensation of light is the

Answer 15

Optic Nerve

Question 16

The sightless “hole” in the normal visual field corresponding to the optic disc where there are no photoreceptors is called the

Answer 16

Physiologic blind spot

Question 17

The small central depression in the optic disc is called the

Answer 17

Cup

Question 18

The comparison of the size of the central cup to the size of the optic nerve, expressed as a percentage or decimal fraction, is called

Answer 18

Cup/disc ratio

Question 19

The route taken by light-generated nerve impulses after they leave the eye is called the

Answer 19

Visual Pathway/retrobulbar visual pathway

Question 20

The point behind the eyes in the brain where the two optic nerves merge and the axon fibers from the nasal retina of each eye cross to the opposite side is call the

Answer 20

Optic Chiasm

Question 21

The part of the brain between the optic chiasm and the lateral geniculate body is the

Answer 21

Optic Tract

Question 22

The part of the brain along the visual pathway where optic fibers synapse to the optic radiations and transmit visual impulses is the

Answer 22

Lateral geniculate body

Question 23

the connection between nerves, where electric (nerve) impulses are transmitted is called

Answer 23

Synapse

Question 24

The nerve fibers that transmit visual information from the lateral geniculate body to the visual cortex are called

Answer 24

Optic radiation

Question 25

the area of the brain responsible for the initial conscious registration of visual information is the

Answer 25

Visual Cortex