The PNF and the ‘New Programme’

Question 1

the new programme

Answer 1

May 1920: second fascist congress, a ‘New Programme’ was adopted; conservative, right wing, dropped mentions of removing monarchy
or attacking pope’s power, removed reference to nationalisation of business, promised to sell off nationally owned business to private
investors. Was more militaristic, called for compulsory military service, goal of unification of irredente and education system to provide
future soldiers with physical and moral training.

Question 2

forming a party

Answer 2

• October 1921: movement organised into a formal political party PNF.

Question 3

centralising control

Answer 3

• Through PNF, Mussolini tried to centralise control over fascist movement, opposed to wide conglomeration of radical squads.
• PNF founded local branches and attempted to recruit more respectable members to advance appeal among classes.