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Sonography > The Placenta > Flashcards

The Placenta Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic components of the placenta are seen from?

A

7th - 8th week gestation

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2
Q

Chorion, Amnion, Yolk sac and allantois constitute?

A

The embryonic or fetal membranes

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3
Q

The Chorion, Amnion, Yolk sac and allantois develop from?

A

The Zygote

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4
Q

Implantation of the blastocyst occurs ______days after fertilization

A

6 - 7

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5
Q

What are the two components of the placenta?

A

Maternal and fetal portion

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6
Q

The fetal portion of the placenta develops from?

A

The Chorion Frondosum

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7
Q

The maternal portion of the placenta develops from the _________ _______ formed at the endometrial surface?

A

decidua basalis

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8
Q

The major unit of the placenta is?

A

The Chorionic Villus

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9
Q

Within the chorionic villus are the?

A

Intervillous spaces

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10
Q

The maternal blood enters the ___________

A

Intervillous spaces

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11
Q

The maternal surface of the placenta is termed?

A

The Basal plate

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12
Q

The fetal surface of the placenta is termed?

A

The Chorionic plate

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13
Q

What are the functions of the placenta?

A

Protection
Nutrition
Respiration
Excretion

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14
Q

Fetal umbilical circulation originates with deoxygenated blood pumped by the ____________ through the __________ and into the ___________

A

fetal heart, Ductus arteriosus, descending Aorta

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15
Q

Umbilical arteries divide within the placenta into the multiple _______

A

tiny capillaries

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16
Q

Fetal placenta is anchored by the ____________ and __________

A

Cytotrophoblastic shell, anchoring villi

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17
Q

Cordal attachments are usually near the _____________

A

center of the placenta

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18
Q

As the embryo and membranes grow, the decidua capsularis is _______

A

stretched

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19
Q

Cord attaches at the margin of the placenta

A

Battledore placenta

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20
Q

Membranous insertion of the cord

A

Velamentous placenta

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21
Q

The umbilical cord has ______ arteries and _______ veins

A

2 arteries , 1 vein

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22
Q

The placenta normally implants on the _________, ________ or __________ wall of the uterus

A

anterior, fundal, posterior

23
Q

Placenta covers the internal cervical os

A

Placenta previa

24
Q

Placenta covers part of the internal cervical os

A

Partial placenta previa

25
Q

Placenta does not cover the internal cervical os. Distance from the internal cervical os is at least 2 or <2cm

A

Low lying placenta

26
Q

What are the fetal membranes?

A

Chorion, Amnion, Allantois, Yolk sac

27
Q

The amnion fuses with the chorion and can no longer be seen on ultrasound as two separate membranes by_________

A

16 weeks

28
Q

Separation beyond 16 weeks may be associated with_____________ or prior ____________

A

polyhydramnios, amniocentesis

29
Q

Most of the amniotic fluid comes from the ____________

A

maternal blood

30
Q

In the_______ trimester the fetus begins to excrete urine into the sac to fill the amniotic cavity

A

first

31
Q

The amniotic cavity filled with urine serves as?

A

A protective buffer for the embryo and fetus

32
Q

The amniotic cavity filled with urine provides what?

A

Provides room for fetal movements to occur

33
Q

What are the functional endocrine units of the placenta?

A

Chorionic villi

34
Q

The placenta has how many layers?

A

Two

35
Q

The inner layer of the placenta is called?

A

Cytotrophoblast

36
Q

The inner layer of the placenta ‘‘Cytotrophoblast’’ produces?

A

Neuropeptides

37
Q

The outer layer of the placenta is called?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

38
Q

The outer layer of the placenta ‘‘Syncytiotrophoblast’’ produces?

A
  • hCG
  • Placental lactogen (hPL)
  • Estrogen
  • Progesteronen
39
Q

What does hCG do?

A

It maintains the Corpus Luteum in early pregnancy

40
Q

hCG peaks at?

A

8 - 10 weeks

41
Q

Placental lactogen (hPL) is responsible for?

A

The promotion of lipolysis and an anti-insulin action that serves to direct nutrients to the fetus.

42
Q

The fetal surface of the placenta (echogenic chorionic plate) is found?

A

At the junction with the amniotic fluid

43
Q

The maternal portion of the placenta (basal plate) lies where?

A

At the junction of the myometrium and the substance of the placenta

44
Q

The placenta is seen as early as__________

A

8 menstrual weeks

45
Q

The placenta has midlevel gray appearance between _________

A

8 - 20 weeks

46
Q

Diameter of the placenta is less than __________ in fetuses greater than ________

A

2 - 3cm , 23 weeks

47
Q

After ___________ gestation the intraplacental sonolucencies and placental calcification may begin to appear.

A

20 weeks

48
Q

An enlarged placenta may be associated with______________, ___________ and _____________

A
  • Rh sensitization
  • Gestational diabetes
  • Congenital anomalies
49
Q

Sonolucent regions may be seen within the placental substance in the center of the placental lobes known as____________

A

Placental lakes

50
Q

This can mimic placental pathology and may distort the uterine contour

A

Braxton hicks contractions

51
Q

What are the specific names to describe the point of origin of the placenta?

A
  • Fundal anterior placenta
  • Fundal posterior placenta
  • Circumferential placenta
52
Q

A succenturiate placenta should be considered when?

A

Both anterior and posterior placenta are identified and the placenta does not appear to communicate.

53
Q

The position of the placenta appears to change due to the enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy

A

Placental migration

54
Q

What doppler pattern is seen on the side of the placenta?

A

Low resistance Doppler pattern

Sonography (1 decks)

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