Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Endocrine System > The Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

The Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are the main organisers of the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland by?

A

Stalk called the infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior and posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

To the anterior and posterior pituitary, is hypothalamic communication neural or endocrine?

A

Neural to posterior pituitary

Endocrine to anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some key integrative functions of the hypothalamus and pituitary?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do tropic hormones do?

A

Govern the release of another hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kinds of hormones does the hypothalamus release?

A

Neurohormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of hormones does the posterior pituitary release?

A

Neurohormones (from hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A

Endocrine hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 forms of hypothalamic neurohormones?

A

Tropic

Non-tropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do tropic hormones from the hypothalmus travel to?

A

Secreted into capillaries and travel to anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do tropic hormones do?

A

Govern the relase of anterior pituitary hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do non-tropic hormones from the hypothalamus travel to?

A

Posterior pituitary (via axons of hypothalamic neurons)

Where they are released into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 5 examples of tropic hypothalamic hormones?

A

Thyrotropic releasing hormone (TRH)

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)

Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does TRH stand for?

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does CRH stand for?

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does GHRH stand for?

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does GnRH stand for?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does PRH stand for?

A

Prolactin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 2 inhibiting tropic hypothalamic hormones?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does GHIH stand for?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) also known as?

A

Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is dopamine also known as?

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does PIH stand for?

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the classification of all of the tropic hypothalamic hormones?
Peptides, except for dopamine which is an amine
26
How are hormones transfered from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary?
Through hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system (network of tiny vessels)
27
Contrast the anterior and posterior pituitary in terms of: type of tissue connections via also called size
28
Is the anterior or posterior pituitary larger?
Anterior makes up 2/3 of gland, posterior 1/3
29
What is the anterior pituitary also called?
Adenohypophysis
30
What is the posterior pituitary also called?
Neurohypophysis
31
What is production of anterior pituitary hormones controlled by?
Hypothalamus 'releasing' or 'inhibiting' tropic hormones (sometimes called factors
32
What are the 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinising hormone (LH) Growth hormone (GH) Prolactin
33
What is the classification of anterior pituitary hormones?
All are peptides, and 5 are also tropic hormones
34
What does TSH stand for?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
35
What does ACTH stand for?
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
36
What does FSH stand for?
Follicle stimulating hormone
37
What does LH stand for?
Luteinising hormone
38
What does GH stand for?
Growth hormone
39
What is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) also called?
Thyrotropin
40
What is adrenocorticotrophic hormone also called?
Corticotropin
41
What is FSH and LH also called?
Gandotropins
42
What does prolactin do?
Stimulates milk production from the breast during lactation
43
What is the target organ of prolacin?
Mammary glands
44
What is the target organ of GH?
Musculoskeletal system
45
What is the target organ of TSH
Thyroid gland
46
What is the target organ of ACTH?
Adrenal cortex
47
What is the target organ of gonadotropins?
Gonads (ovary/testes)
48
What does TSH cause?
Thyroid hormone (TH) release from thyroid
49
What does addrenocorticotropic hormone cause?
Cortisol release from adrenal cortex
50
What tropic and what direct effects does GH have?
Tropic - IGF-1 release from liver Direct - tissue metabolism
51
What tropic and what direct effect does luteinising hormone have?
Tropic - sex hormone release Direct - regulation of reproductive function
52
What are the 3 integration centres involved in the feedback control of the anterior pituitary?
Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Target endocrine cell
53
How do hormones themselves act as the negative feedback signal for the anterior pituitary?
Feed back to inhibit hormone secretion by integrating centres earlier in the reflex: feedback from endocrine target is long loop feedback feedback from anterior pituitary to hypothalamus is short loop feedback links levels of hormones together and maintains plasma levels within correct range
54
For the anterior pituitary, what provides long-loop feedback?
Endocrine targets
55
For hypothalamus and anterior pitutiary, what provides short loop feedback?
Anterior pituitary to hypothalamus
56
What are the 2 neurohormones stored and released from the posterior pituitary?
Vasopressin Oxytocin
57
Are the hormones released from the posterior pituitary formed there?
No, they are formed in the hypothalamus but stored and released fromt he posterior pituitary
58
What is vasopressin also known as?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
59
What does ADH stand for?
60
What are vasopressin and oxytocin synthesised in?
Magnocellular neurons which have their cells bodies in specific areas of hypothalamus Different subsets produce either vasopressin or oxytocin
61
How does vasopressin and oxytocin get from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary?
1) Axons project down infundibulim to posterior pituitary 2) Do not synapse with other neurons, terminals end directly on capillaries
62
What classification of hormones do posterior pituitary hormones behave as?
Typical peptide hormones, so: synthesis and storage in vesicles acts on cell surface receptors
63
What is the main function of vasopressin?
Regulates water balance
64
What is the main function of oxytocin?
Milk ejection and uterine contraction
65
What causes the release of vasopressin?
Increased plasma osmolarity Decreased volume/blood pressure
66
What causes the release of oxytocin?
Labour (baby's head against cervix) Suckling
67
What are the sites and mode of action of vasopressin?
Kidney collecting ducts - increases water reabsorption Vascular smooth muscle - increases blood pressure
68
What are the different classifications of endocrine disorders?
Hyposecretion (too little hormone secreted) Hypersecretion (too much hormone secreted) Hyporesponsiveness (reduced response of target cell) Hyperresponsiveness (increased response of target cell) 1st degree disorders 2nd degree disorders 3rd degree disorders
69
What are the sites and mode of action of oxytocin?
Milk duct smooth muscle - contracts muscle, ejecting milk Uterine smooth muscle - child birth
70
What are 1st degree endocrine disorders?
Those in which the defect is in the cell that secretes the hormone
71
What are 2nd degree endocrine disorders?
Those in which there is too little or too much trophic hormones from pituitary
72
What are 3rd degree endocrine disorders?
Relates to hypothalamic defects

Endocrine System (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions