The Physic of Radiation Flashcards
How X-ray produced through what process?
Bremsstrahlung (Braking) radiation and Characteristics Radiation
What X-ray Production consists
- Electron-target interaction
- X-ray Emission Spectrum
- Factor Affecting x-ray emission
Sources of Electron for xray is?
Cathode filament - Milliamperage (mA)
Control of High-speed motion for xray is?
Potential difference - Kilovaoltage peak (kVp)
Deceleration of electron for xray is?
Target - Anode
Factors Affecting the x-ray emission spectrum
- Tube current
- Tube voltage
- Filtration
-Target material - Voltage waveform
Conversion of electron KE into thermal energy and electromagnetic energy how many percent
Heat (99%)
X-ray (1%)
Dose Altering Factors (affect the film absorb the xray)
- Beam Energy (Filtration, Focal spot size, Focal spot blur, anode heel effect)
- Collimation
- Grids
- Patient Size
Radiographic Technique (Exposure) factor)
- Kilovolts Peak (kVp)
- Milliamperage (mA)
- Exposure time (ms)
Image Quality Factor
- Density
- Contrast
- Spatial Resolution (detail, sharpness or definition)
- Distortion
What Factor affect Density of X-ray (blackness)
- mAs (main factor)
- Kv (Secondary)
- Exposure time
- Source Image receptor distance (SID); inverse square law
- Anode Heel Effect*
- Compensation filtration*
What is Compensating filters?
Compensating filters are shaped filters used to balance densities on an image when the part difference is large from one end to the other
WHat Factors affect Contrast
- Kilovoltage (kV)
- Scatter Radiation
- Collimation
Factors affect Spatial Resolution
- Geometric factors (Focal spot size, SID, Object image receptor distance OID)
- Film-screen system
- motion (Voluntary motion, Involuntary motion)
How to minimize Voluntary motion
Use of High mA and Short exposure times.
Also increase patient cooperation by explaining procedures and clear breathing instruction
