THE PHILIPPINES Flashcards
1
Q
is an archipelago, or ,string over islands, in southeastern Asia between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean
A
Philippines
2
Q
Area of the Philippines
A
About 115, 831 square miles (300,000 Square Kilometers)
2
Q
Population of the Philippines
A
119,106,224
3
Q
In the West of the Philippines
A
South China Sea
4
Q
In the East of the Philippines
A
Pacific Ocean
5
Q
In the South of the Philippines
A
Sulu and Celebes Sea
6
Q
In the North of the Philippines
A
the Bashi Channel
7
Q
What type of climate does the Philippines have?
A
Tropical climate with two Distinct seasons Wet and Dry.
8
Q
What is the Religion of the Philippines
A
More than 80% of the population is Roman Catholic. Other major religions includes Muslim and Christians
9
Q
the house of early Filipino during the pre-colonial Philippines, it was suited to the Philippine climate
A
Bahay Kubo
10
Q
help the hut above the ground
A
Bamboo or wood stakes (Haligi)
11
Q
the washing and bathing are called
A
batalan
12
Q
for the lower part, a strip of cloth wrapped around the waist and in between the legs of men
A
bahag
13
Q
mean’s headgear
A
putong
14
Q
– a wide-sleeve jacket for the
upper part
A
Baro or Camisa
15
Q
– women’s skirt or tapis and then a piece of white or red cloth wrapped around the women’s waist
A
Saya (Tagalog) and Patadyong (Visayas)
16
Q
– a type of ornaments like armlets,
gold rings, gold neclaces, gold bracelets
A
Kalumbiga
17
Q
– the early Filipinos adorned their bodies
with tattoo. The Visayans were the most tattooed people among the ancient Filipinos and for this reason the Spanish called them
A
Pintados
18
Q
Unlike its neighbors, the Philippines did not have any thriving and powerful kingdom or vast empires before the advent of Islam
and its sultanates in the 15th century ; and Spanish colonization in
the 16th century. The archipelago was decentralized by then
and was divided into localized settlements called
A
Barangay
19
Q
The term barangay came from the word ___ , an
Austronesian sea-going vessel
A
Balangay
20
Q
A Barangay can be composed of ____ families
A
30-100
21
Q
- they are known
as Maginoo in Tagalog and Kadatoan in
Visayan
A
Nobility or the Ruling Class
22
Q
- they formed
majority of the people in the barangay. They
are known as Maharlika in Tagalog and
Timawa in Visayan
A
The commoners or freeman
22
Q
- The slavery system in the Philippines was different from other societies since slaves were not considered as properties but a person becomes one through debt bondage, raids and wars and punishment of
crimes. They were called Alipin in Tagalog and
Oripuen in Visaya
A
Lastly are the slaves
23
The Chieftain might be chosen from lineage or based on his ability or acquired wealth or possession of a skill
or even his ability to influence or sway public opinion into his Favor
- assisted by council of elders and his
chief adviser was called ATUBANG
Datus
24
– were handed down Orally from
generation to generation and constitutes the bulk law
of the barangays.
Customary laws
25
– were those that the chieftain and the
elders promulgated from time to time as necessity
arose.
Written laws
26
has enjoyed many privileges
during those times. They enjoyed a unique position in the
society. Customary laws gave them right to be equal to men. They could own and inherit property , engage in
trade and industry. Succeed to the chieftains of a
barangay in the absence of a male heir. Have the
exclusive rights to give names to their children. As a sign of
deep respect, the men accompanying the women, walked
behind them.
Pre-Colonial Women
27
– suspected individuals pick a stone in a pot of boiling water, if he refuses, he is
considered guilty
Boiling Water Ordeal
28
- suspected individuals plunge into
the river or lake with lances. He who came to the
surface first was considered guilty
River Ordeal
29
- suspected individuals
chew uncooked rice. Each of them spat his saliva and the one whose saliva came out the thickest was adjudged the culprit
Ordeal by rice chewing
30
- also called Bultong,
the vanquished in the wrestling contest was
considered the guilty party ( e.g: Ifugaos)
Wrestling /combat ordeal
31
– an ordeal that involves a dule. In this kind
of combat, who ever dies during the duel was
considered the guilty part
Alaw
32
– is the main source of livelihood; rice , coconuts, sugar
cane, cotton, hemp, bananas and many species of fruits and
vegetables were grown. It was done in two ways: Kaingin system ( slash
and burn)Tillage
AGRICULTURE
33
– pre-colonial Filipinos raised chickens, pigs, goats, carabaos
and small native ponies
Livestock
34
– was a thriving industry for those who live in the coast or near
rivers and lakes. Various tools for fishing such as nets, bow and arrow,
spear, wicker basket, hooks and lines, corrals and fish poisons were used;
pearls fisheries also abound in Sulu
Fishing
35
– the ancients mined gold in many parts of the archipelago and
were traded throughout the country and with other countries
Mining
36
Trade – was conducted between or among barangays, or even among
the islands. There was trade too with other countries such as China,
Siam, Japan, Cambodia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and other islands of old
Malaysia. Did not use any currency but conducted trade through
barter. Sometimes, goods were priced in terms of gold or metal gongs
Chinese traders noted that Filipinos were very honest in their commercial
transactions
Trade
37
– were flourishing
industries, Filipino were said to be proficient in
building ocean-going vessels. All kinds of boats or
ships were built, which the Spaniards later called
banca, balangay, lapis, caracoa virey, vinta and
prau
Lumbering and Shipbuilding
38
– is a home industry that was
dominated by women by using crude wooden
looms, textiles such as snamay from hemp,
medrinaque from banana, cotton, linen, and silk,
were woven
Weaving
39
- mourning of
the dead chieftain
LARAW/LARAO
40
– for a dead man
MAGLAHE
41
– for a dead woman
MOROTAL
42
– is the most powerful
deity of the early tagalog pantheon. He is
considered to be the supreme being and the creator
of universe. The term Bathala came from the Sanskrit
term Bhattara which means Noble Lord
Bathala ( Batala or Badhala)
43
– is the supreme deity
among the early visayans
Laon( Kanlaon/Manlaon)
44
– is the deity of fertility and agriculture
among the early Tagalogs. A hermaphrodite,
___ represents life and regeneration through
sexual unions
Lacapati
45
– patron of lovers and generation
Dian Masalanta
46
- was the spiritual leader of the barangay. The babaylan led the barangay in all
cultural ceremonies including sacrificial rituals called
pag-aanit
Babaylan or Catalonan
47
They also worshipped the morning star which they
called
TALA
48
On November 1, 1542, ___ started his expedition to the
Philippines from Barra de Navidad, New Spain or Nueva España (now Mexico).
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
49
Villalobos reached Mindanao on ___ of the following year, the first
Spaniard to make explorations in that Island
February 2
50
It was he who bestowed upon these islands the name ___ in honor of the
Crown-prince, Don Felipe of Spain, who later became King Felipe II. He conferred
this appellation sometime in 1543. Dr. Jose Rizal in his annotation to Morga's 1609
Philippine History, said that Villalobos initially gave the name "Felipinas" to one of
the southern islands, Tandaya, now perhaps Leyte, and this name later was
extended to the entire archipelago.
"Felipinas"
51
____ said that the name "Felipinas" was confirmed by King Felipe II
in a decree dated at Villadolid, Spain and directed to the (by now) viceroy
of Nueva España, Don Luis de Velasco, on September 24, 1559
Pablo Pastells, S.J.,
52
- one of the first Franciscan missionaries in
the Philippines. He was responsible for the various towns in Luzon
particularly in Laguna and Tayabas areas and the conversion of
their Inhabitants to Catholicism
Fray Juan de Plasencia
53
– one of the first book printed in the Philippines.
It was written by Fray Juan de Plasencia in 1593, the book was used
by the Spaniards to aid them in the Christianization of the
Philippines
Doctrina Christiana
54
- was a Spanish High-ranking official in the
Philippines from 1593 to 1603
Antonio de Morga
55
- one
of the most comprehensive accounts of 16th century Spanish
colonization of the Archipelago. The book covers political,
economic, social and cultural life of the Filipinos and Spaniards
from 1493-1603.
Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas ( Events In the Philippine Islands )
56
one of the first Spanish conquistadores to arrive in the archipelago, he observed the native cultural traditions before they were fully accultured to Christianity. He was also the first Spaniard to conduct a census in the island
Miguel de Loarca
57
A book written by Laorca in which he documented the customs and traditions of early Filipinos. The book was significant since it is the first written account of a layman
Relacion de Las Islas Filipinas (1582)
58
he is a Jesuit missionary and a founder of various towns and parishes across the archipelago, as well as his crucial role in recording the ancient Tagalog script Baybayin to Latin alphabet
Pedro Chirino
59
– a book
written by Chirino, the latter discusses not just
the Jesuit Missions but also the Catholic
Conversion of the Filipinos in General.
Relacion de Las Islas Filipinas (1603)
60
– was the term used by the
Spaniards to refer to the tattooed settlers of
the Visayan region. The tattoos could
symbolize bravery and experience in war
among men.
Pintados
61
– is one of the precolonial writing systems used by early
Filipinos. The term “baybayin” comes from the Tagalog root
word baybay, which means “to spell.” For many years the script
was incorrectly referred to as “alibata,” based on the
arrangement of another alphabet system – Arabic, in which the
first letters are called alif, ba, and ta.
Baybayin
62
Technically, the Baybayin is what is called an ___
Each character is based on a consonant letter, with a vowel
notation indicating the corresponding vowel sound. It has 14
syllabic consonant characters (15 if the “da” and “ra”
consonants are separated, as shown in the images below) and
three vowel characters (a, e-i, o-u)
alpha syllabary.
63
Each consonant character combines the consonant sound and
the vowel sound “a.” To change this to the “e-i” sound, a ___ or
mark is placed on top of the character; for the “o-u” sound, the
mark is placed at the bottom
kudlit
64
, one of
the first books printed in the country,
contains Baybayin script, along with
Latinized Tagalog
Doctrina Christiana
65
One of the most prominent Jusuit Missionary, he wrote Labor Evangelica (1663), in which it accounts the customs and traditions of the natives and other Southeast Asia and Sumatra
Francisco Colin (1592-1660)
66
he was a missionary of the Franciscan order, he wrote the book Cronica or Philippine Chronoicles, a comprehensive study of the early Filipinos as well as the Chinese and the Japanese in the Philippines during the early colonial period. It provides a detailed account of superstitious beliefs and omen.
Juan Francisco de San Antonio
67
is a comprehensive account of the Philippines and other parts of the Asia-PAcific in the late 16th Century, it was written by Charles R. Boxer in 1947. The work is significant source of early Filipino belief systems, customs and traditions. It contains detailed and colored illustrations found in this manuscript
Boxer Codex
68
