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RE 113 > THE PERSECUTED CHURCH > Flashcards

THE PERSECUTED CHURCH Flashcards

1
Q

The followers of Jesus Christ went to different places outside Jerusalem and preach Christ’s Gospel to the Jews.

They reached as far as _________, where the followers were first called ______

A

Antioch; Christians

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2
Q

There had already been local persecution of Christians because of their _____________.

A

refusal to worship the Roman gods and the emperor as god

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3
Q

was the official religion of the empire. It is the belief that that the sun, moon, nature and their emperor as a god.

A

PANTHEISM

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4
Q

In the 1st century of the Christian era, the infant Church was subject to the hostile pressures by the _____________.

A

Roman authority

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5
Q

When ___________ was preached in Rome, many converted into the New Faith.

A

Christianity

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6
Q

The Christians were almost drowned and the church nearly got dissolved.

A

The start of Roman Persecution

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7
Q

The more they were _______, the more they felt zealous desire to proclaim Jesus’ message.

A

persecuted

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8
Q

Oftentimes, the ________ were also held accountable for disasters and calamities that struck the Roman empire.

A

Christians

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9
Q

The persecution of Christians actually started during the time of ________ ( 37-4 B.C. ).

A

King Herod I

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10
Q

And the first Christian martyr was - __________ - He was a deacon and one of the seven leaders of the Jews of Diaspora

A

St . Stephen

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11
Q

– refers to those Jews who resided outside Jerusalem and adopted the Greek language and culture.

A

Jews of Diaspora

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12
Q

There was a growing notion among the Jews that Christianity was exclusively for them.

A

Council of Jerusalem

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13
Q

There also arose some disputes among the apostles themselves on how to welcome the ________ into the Christian community.

A

Gentiles

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14
Q

In order to settle the disputes a meeting was called at _________ in 50 AD.

A

Jerusalem

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15
Q

After a long debate, ___________ agreed that the only requirement for Christian membership is faith in Jesus, not observance of the laws of Moses.

A

Paul and Peter

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16
Q

Christianity then, has opened its doors to all people. It has always been ______________.

A

Universal or Catholic

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17
Q

In 54 AD., ________ started his reign and began the systematic persecution of Christians.

A

Emperor Nero

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18
Q

He became a cruel man when he knew that he was fast losing his power. It is believed that he caused of the great fire which broke out in Rome in 64 AD, to give him source of rebuilding plans.

A

Emperor Nero

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19
Q

To begin the persecutions, Nero had Peter _______, while Paul was __________.

A

crucified; beheaded

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20
Q

__________ were thrown to the Lions in arena or placed inside skins of wild beasts to be attacked by dogs.

A

Christians

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21
Q

Four years later, frightened, hated by people, hunted by his own soldiers, Nero committed ________.

A

suicide

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22
Q

The Christians also held their Eucharist in the __________, using a tomb as a Holy Altar.

A

Catacombs

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23
Q

To guard against Roman spies, they used secret signs like the fish. To the Christians, the Greek word for fish,
__________ – stood for what they believed about Jesus:

A

ICHTHUS

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24
Q

ICHTHUS

A

I - Jesus
CH - Christ
TH - Theos ( God )
U - Uious
S - Soter ( Savior )

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25
Q

_________, thus meant Jesus Christ, God’s Son, our Savior.

A

Ichthus

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26
Q

Other signs used were a ______, as symbol of peace; an ______ for hope a __________ for the resurrection and the _______ symbol ( P and X ).

A

dove; anchor; phoenix; Chi-Rho

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27
Q

The Course of Persecution

A

3 Stages or Periods:
1- First Period, (54-60 A.D.)
Emperor Nero
2- Second Period (100-250 A.D.)
Emperor Trajan
Emperor Hadrian
Emperor Antoninus Pius
Emperor Marcus Aurelius
3. Third Period (249-251 A.D.)
Emperor Decius
Emperor Valerian
Emperor Diocletian

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28
Q

he blamed Christians for the 6 days of fire that destroyed ¾ of the city of Rome.

A

Emperor Nero

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29
Q

The Christians were persecuted and turned into living torches in the garden of ______.

A

Nero

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30
Q

Among the victims during Emperor Nero were __________

A

Peter and Paul.

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31
Q

________ a tyrant emperor.

A

Emperor Domitian

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32
Q

According to the oldest tradition, the _______ was exiled during the role Emperor Domitian when he wrote the ___________.

A

Apostle John; Apocalypse

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33
Q

He decreed that simply to be a Christian is punishable by death.

A

Emperor Trajan

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34
Q

Famous martyr during Emperor Trajan is ____________.

A

Ignatius of Antioch

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35
Q

He accused the Christians of being atheists for not worshipping the emperor.

A

Emperor Antoninus Pius

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36
Q

He decreed the legalization of persecution.

A

Emperor Marcus Aurelius

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37
Q

Famous martyrs during Emperor Marcus were ____________ and the martyrs of _________

A

Polycarp of Smyrna; Loyns

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38
Q

Ordered the cruel persecution of Christians.
Christians were fed to lions whenever there was a disaster.

A

Septimus Severus

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39
Q

He saw Christianity as a terrible poison. He ordered Christians to make public homage to the Roman gods.

A

Emperor Decius

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40
Q

He decreed that bishop, priest and deacon to offer sacrifice to the Roman gods.

A

Emperor Valerian

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41
Q

He ordered the execution of Christians who participated in secret meetings in cemeteries and catacombs.

A

Emperor Valerian

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42
Q

He moved his capital from Rome to Nicomedia. Dividing his empire into two.

A

Emperor Diocletian

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43
Q

He ruled over the eastern half himself and appointed two sub-rulers over the western half. It was this division of the empire that created the East and the West. He was determined to subdue the Christians.

A

Emperor Diocletian

44
Q

In 303 , he issued a decree to level the churches to the ground and destroy the scripture by fire.

A

Emperor Diocletian

45
Q

He also ordered that Christians who were of honorable rank should be degraded and that those of the imperial household, if they stuck to Christianity, would be reduced to slavery.

A

Emperor Diocletian

46
Q

Imprisonment of Church leaders
Forcing the Christians to make cultic sacrifice.
Veneration of the emperor as a god.
However, women were excused from this decree because his wife and daughter were Christians.
Despite the persecution, therefore Christianity spread quickly like fire.

A

Emperor Diocletian

47
Q

_________,was considered as the center of Christianity were the top leaders resided from the time of St. Peter , hence the name Roman Catholic Church.

A

Rome

48
Q

If we were to reckon the population of Christians, there were about ________ at the end of the first century, _________ in the second, and the and five ________ in the third century.

A

500,000; two (2) million; (5) million

49
Q

This means that a bulk of the population of the _______ were Christians.

A

Roman Empire

50
Q

By the end of the first century, the church had formulated sound _________ (Official Church teachings ).

A

Doctrines

51
Q

Three types of leaders in the Church

A

The bishops, the elders/priests and the deacons.

52
Q

were the presider over small communities

A

Priests

53
Q

were overseers , The Pope being the Bishop of Rome, was the highest rank and responsible for the whole church.

A

Bishops

54
Q

was in charge of the distribution of goods and directly reported to the bishop.

A

Deacon

55
Q

The Sacrament of Baptism, for one, required a long period of preparation called the ____________ before an adult candidate was baptized.

A

Catechumenate

56
Q

was formally celebrated on Sunday morning.

A

Holy Eucharist

57
Q

was practiced and administered through the laying of hands.

A

Confirmation

58
Q

they confessed their sins in public. The penitent underwent- public penance.

A

Reconciliation

59
Q

Since the start of persecution, three kinds of Christians emerged.

A

Martyrs, confessors, and apostates

60
Q

those who fought and depended their faith until death.

A

Martyrs

61
Q

those who confessed their faith no matter what the consequences might be.

A

confessors

62
Q

those who betrayed their faith and turned to the roman gods.

A

Apostates

63
Q

For a while, persecution went on in the Eastern part but in the west, it had ceased. This was because the new emperor, _________ was friendly towards the Christian faith.

A

Constantine

64
Q

attributed his victory to the help of the Christian God, issued the Edict of Milan.

A

Emperor Constantine

65
Q

was recognized as legal or lawful religion, to take its place alongside other religions like the worship of the Roman gods.

A

Christianity

66
Q

He gave his sons a Christian education but did not himself become a Christian until he was on his death-bed.

A

Constantine

67
Q

Constantine set up a new capital at _______. This was a Christian city were no heathen worship was allowed.

A

Byzantium

68
Q

In time, the city was renamed after him and became known as __________ ( today called Istanbul. )

A

Constantinople

69
Q

He had the CHI- RHO symbol mounted on his standard which was called _____ at that time.

A

labarum

70
Q

The newly gained freedom ensuring the Christians safety allowed them to devote more time to meaning and interpretation of the truths of their faith.

A

Arianism

71
Q

were subjected to questioning , especially by philosophically trained Christian converts.

A

Faith

72
Q

These questions bombarded the Church that gave contradictory answers, resulting in false teachings called ____________.

A

heresies

73
Q

arose at the beginning of the 4th century, 318 AD, as a response to the prevailing questions about Jesus’ humanity and divinity.

A

Arianism

74
Q

Of the many heresies that broke out, _______ proved to be the most powerful .

A

Arianism

75
Q

Who was a priest of Alexandria, this heresy maintained that Jesus was a mere human and not God

A

Arius

76
Q

His effort to provide explanations about Jesus, however created tensions within the Church, Many Christians followed him; this eventually caused the first major division in the Church.

A

Arius

77
Q

With the outbreak of Arianism and other schismatic groups in the 4th-5th centuries, the unity of the church was also threatened and the empire too.
These also resulted the formation of different factions.
During this period the Church acted as the prime mover of unity.
Thus, the need to answer the Heretics and their teaching to safeguard the unity of the Church.

A

Ecumenical Council was convened in Nicea in 325 AD.

78
Q

This is a general meeting of all Church leaders to discuss matters concerning faith and morals.

A

Ecumenical Council

79
Q

is to unify the empire through the Church.

A

Constantine’s intention

80
Q

condemned Arius and his teachings.

A

The Council of Nicea

81
Q

Some Fathers of the Church

A
  1. St. John Chrysostom
  2. St Athanasius
  3. St. Basil
  4. St Jerome
82
Q

They stood as defenders of the Church against heresies. Through their writings
and sermons, they explained and clarified the Church teachings.

A

Church Fathers
1. St. John Chrysostom
2. St Athanasius
3. St. Basil
4. St Jerome

83
Q

These men were teachers and great personalities who had a great part in molding the Church.
They laid the foundations of Christian Theology, the study of God and of religious doctrines.

A

1.St. Basil
2. St. Ambrose
3. St. Augustine

84
Q

they are called Exegists, they specialized on the in-depth study of the Bible.

A

St. Chrysostom and St. Jerome

85
Q

It was St. Jerome who translated the Bible into its Latin version called-______ ( popular).

A

Vulgate

86
Q

Jesus is only human

A

Arius
Council: Nicea 325

87
Q

Jesus’ two persons: One human, One Divine; Mary mother of the human person.

A

Nestorius
council: Ephesus

88
Q

Christ as God more than man

A

Eutyches
Council: Chalcedon 451

89
Q

The Holy Spirit is not God/Divine

A

Macedonius
Council: Constantinople 381

90
Q

The divinity of Christ (identity of divine essence between God the Father and God the Son) as opposed to the teaching of Arius.

A

Council of Nicea

91
Q

The divine Motherhood of Mary as opposed to the teaching of Nestorius.

A

Council of Ephesus ( 431)

92
Q

Two natures (divine and human) in one (divine) person of Christ.

A

Council of Chalcedon

93
Q

The divining of the Holy Spirit as opposed to the teaching of Macedonius.

A

Constantinople (381)

94
Q

In 316, an order went out from Emperor Licinius that all soldiers were to burn incense at his statue.

A

Persecution in the Eastern Empire

95
Q

On February 28, 380 A.D – Christianity was declared the official religion of all people in the Roman Empire through the ____________.

A

Edict of Theodosius

96
Q

some of the British slaves were brought to Rome to be sold.

A

The Roman Church in England

97
Q

There, they were seen by __________ - great Christian who was to become one of the best known popes of the Roman Catholic Church.

A

Gregory

98
Q

He went to England, how surprised he was, he greeted with the king and queen and the queen was already a Christian.

A

St. Augustine

99
Q

St. Augustine choose _____________ for his center and in 597, he began to hold services in a little church built there in Roman times.

A

Canterbury

100
Q

Later, he became the first Archbishop of England

A

St. Augustine

101
Q

In 668 – he was sent by the Pope to set up the new organization.

A

Theodore of Tarsus

102
Q

He was made Archbishop of Canterbury, the first Archbishop whom all the English church obeyed.

A

Theodore of Tarsus

103
Q

means the bishop’s throne, so a diocese is sometimes called see.

A

see

104
Q

became the representative of their parishes at meetings called by the bishop.

A

priests

105
Q

He also brought with him from Europe, music, art, books and a knowledge of architecture which he introduced into English church.

A

Theodore of Tarsus

106
Q

set up a counter-reformation, a movement to restore the Pope to his former power.

A

Pope

107
Q

Some factors which caused the different divisions in the Church.

A

The heritage handed down by the Apostles was received differently and in different forms.
People had different mentalities and ways of life.
There lack of charity and mutual understanding.

RE 113 (7 decks)

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